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Bio 129 Lab Quiz 1
N/A
30
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
01/07/2013

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Term
Superior
Definition
Describes the vertical position of a structure. A superior structure is above something else (forehead superior to nose)
Term
Inferior
Definition
Describes the vertical position of a structure. An inferior structure is below something else (chin inferior to mouth)
Term
Anterior
Definition
Describes the position of a structure front-to-back. An anterior structure is toward the front (chest anterior to spine)
Term
Posterior
Definition
Describes the position of a structure front-to-back. A posterior structure is toward the back (tongue is posterior to teeth)
Term
Medial
Definition
Refers to the position of a structure relative to the midline of the body. A medial structure is toward the midline (belly button medial to hips)
Term
Lateral
Definition
Refers to the position of a structure relative to the midline of the body. A lateral structure is away from the midline (nostrils lateral to tip of nose)
Term
Proximal
Definition
Refers to the position of a structure relative to where something attaches to the body. A proximal structure is closer to the attachment point (elbow is proximal to wrist)
Term
Distal
Definition
Refers to the position of a structure relative to where something attaches to the body. A distal structure is further away from the attachment point (fingernails are distal to knuckles)
Term
Cranial
Definition
Describes the position of a structure relative to the head and tail. A cranial structure is toward the head (neck is cranial to belly button). In humans, cranial and superior mean the same thing. In 4 legged animals, cranial and anterior are interchangeable
Term
Caudal
Definition
Describes the position of a structure relative to the head and tail. A caudal structure is toward the tail or rear (shoulders are caudal to head). In humans, caudal and inferior mean the same thing. In 4 legged animals, caudal and posterior are interchangeable.
Term
Dorsal
Definition
Assumes that an organism is walking on all fours. The term refers to upper structures (if you are on all fours, backbone is dorsal to your chest. Top of foot is dorsal to bottom of foot)
Term
Ventral
Definition
Assumes that an organism is walking on all fours. The term refers to lower structures (is you are on all fours, chest is ventral to backbone)
Term
Head
Definition
The prominent expanded end of a bone (usually rounded)

-Head of humerus and femur
Term
Shaft
Definition
The long middle portion of a bone

-Shaft of humerus or femur
Term
Crest
Definition
A narrow ridge

-Crest on os coax hip
Term
Line
Definition
A narrow raised area, smaller than a ridge

-Lines on back of skull and side of skull
Term
Process
Definition
A bony projection

-Sharp process and blunt process beneath ear hole
Term
Condyle
Definition
A smooth rounded projection the articulates with another bone. Have small round projections just above them called epicondyles

-On femur and bottom of skull
Term
Trochanter
Definition
A very large, rough looking process found only on the femur

-Large trochanter and small trochanter on femur
Term
Spine
Definition
A narrow or sharp process. Spines can be pointed structures, or be more like tall very narrow ridges

-Pointed spines on hip and on scapula
Term
Tubercle
Definition
A small rounded process

-On humerus
Term
Tuberosity
Definition
A rough area or surface on a bone where muscle attaches

-On humerus
Term
Fossa
Definition
A shallow depression

-On the bottom of skull (remove jaw bone)
Term
Sulcus
Definition
A groove that allows a nerve or blood vessel to pass

-On femur
Term
Alveolus
Definition
A socket for a tooth
Term
Foramen
Definition
A round hole through a bone that allows nerves and blood vessels through

-Large and small on bottom of skull
Term
Canal
Definition
A canal or tunnel through a bone

-On bottom of skull
Term
Meatus
Definition
Also a canal or tunnel

-Ear hole (external acoustic meatus)
Term
Fissure
Definition
A narrow slit through a bone

-In orbit of skull
Term
Sinus
Definition
A cavity inside of a bone
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