Term
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Definition
| Rounded knob-like end separated from the rest of the bone by neck. (most predominate head is on the femur) |
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Term
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Definition
| A large projection of a bone |
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Term
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Definition
| A distinct border or ridge. |
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Term
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Definition
| A sharp projection or ridge from the surface of a bone. |
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Term
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Definition
| Round r oval hole that allows a blood vessel or nerve to pass through a bone. |
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Term
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Definition
| An air cavity within a bone |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a short channel or tube-like passageway through a bone. |
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Term
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Definition
| Skull, vertebral column, thoracic cage. |
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Term
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Definition
| Upper and lower limbs plus their girdles (the bones that support them) |
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Term
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Definition
| Frontal, parietal, temporal, sphenoid, ethmoid and occipital. |
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Term
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Definition
| Mandible, maxilla, zygomatic, nasal, lacrimal, vomer, palatine, inferior nasal conchae. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Vertebrae (Cervical, thoracic, and lumbar), Sacrum, Coccyx |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Humerus, Radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges |
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Term
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Definition
| Coxal bones: Illium, ischium and pubis |
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Term
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Definition
| Femur, patella, Tibia, Fibula, Tarsals, Metatarsals and phalanges |
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Term
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Definition
| Lack of Ca deposit and bone protein (Causes bones to become fragile and break easily) |
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Term
| Osteitis deformans (Paget's Disease) |
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Definition
| Bones go through times of Ca loss and times of excess Ca deposit |
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Term
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Definition
| Lateral curve of the spine (right to left curve) |
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Term
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Definition
| Excess thoracic curve (hunchback) |
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Term
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Definition
| Excessive lumbar curve (sway back) |
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Term
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Definition
| Broken bone with no open wound |
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Term
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Definition
| Broken bone protrudes through skin |
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Term
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Definition
| one side of bone is broken the other side is bent |
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Term
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Definition
| broken bone smashed together. |
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Term
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Definition
| More than one fracture line on a bone; bone splintered or crushed |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Fibrous or Synarthrosis Joints |
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Definition
| Immoveable joints i.e. sutures of the skull |
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Term
| Cartilaginous or Amphiarthrosis Joint |
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Definition
| Slightly moveable joints, i.e. between vertebrae |
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Term
| Synovial or Diarthrosis Joints |
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Definition
| freely moveable i.e. hip and shoulder joints. |
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Term
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Definition
| Most common joint type in body |
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Term
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Definition
| connective tissue that surrounds joint |
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Term
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Definition
| cavity within capsule that contains fluid |
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Term
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Definition
| lines inside of capsule and secretes synovial fluid |
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Term
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Definition
| Bands of fibrous connective tissue that connect bone to bone |
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Term
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Definition
| small sacs filled with fluid, help ease movement |
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Term
| Gliding Synovial Joint (SJ) |
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Definition
| Bones with flat surfaces slide over each other found between wrist and ankle bones. |
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Term
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Definition
| allows movement in one direction; elbow and phalanges |
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Term
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Definition
| allows rotation around the length of the bone; radius and ulna; atlas and axis |
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Term
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Definition
| ball shaped end of bone fits into a cupshaped part of bone; shoulder and hip |
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Term
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Definition
| Decreasing angle between 2 bones |
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Term
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Definition
| increasing angle between 2 bones |
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Term
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Definition
| movement away from the midline of body |
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Term
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Definition
| movement towards the midline of the body |
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Term
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Definition
| making a circle with the distal end of a limb |
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Term
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Definition
| Twisting or turning a bone alone its long axis (Move neck) |
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Term
Ankle terms
Inversion
Eversion
Dorsiflexion
Plantar flexion |
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Definition
turning sole inward
turning sole outward
pointing toes upward
pointing toes downward |
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Term
| What are the 3 layers of skin and what are their functions? |
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Definition
Epidermis- is the layer that is mainly resposible for protection, has dead keratine cells, keeps moisture. Has melanocytes that make melanin.
Dermis- has papillea, nerve endings, sweat (suderoriferous) glands and sebaceous glands, hair follicles, and blood vessels.
Subcutaneous-has adipose, helps insulate the body from heat and cold, provides protective padding, and serves as an energy storage area |
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Term
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Definition
| results from wear and tear to a joint |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Arthritis caused by a disturbance of normal metabolism, uric acid accumulates and forms crystals, causing joints to become inflamed and very painful |
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Term
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Definition
- To protect the body from pathogens
- To retain moisture
- to regulate temperature
- Sensory
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Term
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Definition
| Found in walls of hollow body organs, blood vessels and respiratory passageways, involuntarily controlled, produces a wavelike motion called peristalsis ( pushes substances through tubes), do not have visible bands(striations) like other kinds of muscle tissue, cells are long fibers with tapered ends and contracts and relaxes slowly. |
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Term
| What are the effects of aging on the Skin system? |
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Definition
- Loss of collagen (wrinkles)
- Liver spots (areas with increased pigmentation)
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Term
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Definition
| Makes up the heart of the wall, involuntarily controlled, creates a pulsing action and contracts rhythmically, has striations, cells form branching fibers |
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Term
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Definition
| Forms organs called muscles that attach to bones and produces body movement, has striations, voluntary control, cells are long, cylindrical and have multiple nuclei |
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Term
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Definition
| caused by Vit D deficiency which prevents the absorption of Ca in the intestine, causes bones to remain soft and become distorted. |
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Term
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Definition
| infection caused by bacteria |
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Term
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Definition
| congenital deformity; opening in the roof of the mouth where the maxillary bones usually meet. |
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Term
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Definition
| Congenital deformity; foot turns inward and downward and remains tight in this position. |
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Term
| What are the accesory organs and their functions? |
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Definition
Sebaceous Glands- Secretes sebum, lubricates skin and hair
Meibomian glands- produce a secretion that lubricates the eyes.
Sudoriferous Gland- Sweat glands are designed to cool the body.
Ceruminous glands- located in the ear and produce earwax or cerumen.
Ciliary glands- are at the edge of the eyelids
Mammary glands- feed babies |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What are the different types of skin eruptions. |
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Definition
Rash- surface lesion
Eruption- raised surface lesion
Erythema- redness of skin
Macule- A spot not raised or indented (freckles)
Papule- Firm raised area (pimple)
Vesicle- Blister, fluid filled (end stage of pox)
Bulla- another name for Vesicle
Pustule- a vesicle filled with pus. |
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Term
| What is the difference between true ribs and false ribs? |
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Definition
The first seven ribs are connected behind with the vertebral column and false ribs are connected to the ribs above them via cartilage and ar not attached to the sternum.
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Term
| Function of Muscular System |
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Definition
- Movement of the skeleton
- Maintains posture
- Generates heat, heat is natural byproduct of muscle cell metabolism
- Muscles can boost heat production by rapid contractions when we are cold (shivering)
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Term
| How macroscopic look of muscle is |
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Definition
Inner straws are muscle fiber (endomycium)
Inner tubes are fasciles filled with muscle fibers (perimycium)
The huge tube is epimycium
facia is on top of the epimycium |
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Term
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Definition
| a chemical substance used to transmit messages across synaptic cleft |
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Term
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Definition
| gap between neuron end and muscle fiber ( the do not actually touch) |
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Term
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Definition
| Is the neurotransmitter used in muscles |
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Term
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Definition
| specialized area of muscle fiber found at the neuromuscular junction. |
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Term
| Sarcolemma (part of muscle fiber) |
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Definition
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Term
| Sarcoplasm (part of muscle fiber) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| is the endoplasmic reticulum |
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Term
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Definition
| cylinder rods that fill muscle fibers and contain filaments that can shorten and cause contraction (two filaments are Actin(thin) and Myosin(thick)) |
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Term
| Properties of muscle tissue |
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Definition
Contractility- has the ability to shorten and change shape.
Excitability- can transmit and electrical current
Action potential a spreading wave of electical current across a cell membrane. |
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Term
| Steps of Muscle Fiber Contraction |
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Definition
- Motor neuron stimulates muscle fiber
- Calcium stored in the SR is released
- Calcium binds to actin
- Myosin crossbridges latch on to actin
- Myosin uses ATP to pull actin
- Actin and myosin slide together causing the muscle fiber to shorten
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Term
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Definition
| When there is a lack of oxygen in muscle tissue, lactic acid is produced when this occurs which can cause muscle fatigue and soreness |
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Term
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Definition
| partially contacted state that muscles are in even when not in use |
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Term
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Definition
| tension applied stays the same but muscle shortens |
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Term
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Definition
| no movement occurs, but greater muscle tension is applied |
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Term
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Definition
| rope like cord of connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone |
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Term
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Definition
| a flat sheet of connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone. |
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Term
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Definition
| attachment to the less movable |
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Term
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Definition
| attachment at the most moveable end |
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Term
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Definition
| wasting of muscle due to disuse (broken arm in a cast) |
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Term
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Definition
| Deteriation of muscles that still have nerve function |
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Term
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Definition
| Chronic muscle fatigue caused by defect in transmission at the neuromuscular junction |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Numbness and weakness of the hand due to pressure to a nerve as it passes through the carpal bones and tendons. |
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Term
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Definition
| Stores oxygen and stored in muscle cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| the muscle that has the most influence on the direction it goes |
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Term
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Definition
| a muscle that moves in opposition of another muscle |
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Term
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Definition
| a muscle that moves together with another muscle |
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