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Behavior Test
Stupid test
161
Veterinary Medicine
Undergraduate 2
10/23/2013

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Cards

Term
What are the 3 stages of parturition?
Definition
-Uterine Contractions
-Passing of the fetus
-Expulsion of the placenta
Term
How long does labor last?
Definition
Normally no longer than 24 hours, but CAN be up to 72
Term
With new moms, what is it important to prevent her from doing?
Definition
Prevent her from crushing or stepping on pup.
Term
Why would assisting the pup out of the membrane once born be normal parturition behavior?
Definition
Licking the membrane off allows pup to breath
Term
Should the mother chew the umbilical chord?
Definition
Yes, but it sometimes breaks on its own
Term
What does licking the pup clean do?
Definition
Helps the pup to start breathing on its own and establishes a bond between the mom and pup
Term
Why is it important that the mother lets the pup nurse?
Definition
Nursing is important to assess pup's reflexes. If pup wont nurse, there is something wrong
Term
What do we consider "poor nursing care"?
Definition
-not interested in pups
-aggressive towards pups
-Accidentally injures pups (MOST COMMON)
Term
What are 2 medical problems you can see with nursing?
Definition
-Insufficient Milk
-Eclampsia
Term
What is eclampsia?
Definition
Decreased calcium levels in blood (hypocalcinemia)
Term
What are some signs of eclampsia?
Definition
-Panting
-Twitching
-Convulsing
Term
When would you normally see eclampsia?
Definition
After the mom has been nursing for a while
Term
When is the neonatal stage in behavioral development?
Definition
Weeks 1 and 2
Term
What will you begin to see in the neonatal stage?
Definition
Reflex behaviors
Term
What are some reflex behaviors? (5)
Definition
-rooting
-righting
-seeking heat
-sucking
-anogenital stimulation (butt licking)
Term
Why is heat seeking an extremely important reflex behavior in pups?
Definition
Hypothermia is the biggest killer in young pups.
Term
When is the transitional stage of behavior development?
Definition
2-3 weeks
Term
What behaviors do we see in the transitional stage?
Definition
-Rapid sensory and motor maturation (eyes open during this stage)
-Pups stand and follow mom
-Distress call if separated
-Can nurse standing
Term
When is the socialization stage/.
Definition
Weeks 4-14
Term
What behaviors do we see in the socialization stage?
Definition
-Play behavior
-Bite inhibition
-Hierarchy begins
-Mom regurgitates food for pups
-Pups carry objects
-Poop and pee away from the nest (start house breaking now!)
Term
Why is the socialization period important in the relationship with people?
Definition
If not well socialized, the dog will become fearful
Term
When is the fear imprint period?
Definition
between 8 and 10 weeks
Term
Why is the imprint period significant to behavior and veterinary medicine?
Definition
-This is when the pup is first seen by the vet
-If frightened during this period it will probably stay with the dog for life
Term
Why do breeders use a puppy aptitude test?
Definition
To match pups up with new owners.
Term
What are 4 important things to remember to prevent problems with behavior?
Definition
-Housebreaking procedures
-establishing dominance
-proper "socialization"
-training the puppy
Term
When should you start training a new puppy?
Definition
When it arrives with the new owner
Term
When is the juvenile period?
Definition
4 months to 2 years
Term
What behaviors occur in the juvenile period?
Definition
-Physical growth
-Much learning occurs
-Sexual behavior may appear
-Marking behavior develops
Term
When are dogs considered adults?
Definition
At least 2 years
Term
What behaviors do you see in the adult phase?
Definition
-When some problems first appear
-
Term
What are 4 options you have to confront behavior problems?
Definition
-Tolerate
-Train
-Find a new home
-Euthanize
Term
What percent of vet cases are behavior problems?
Definition
3-4%
Term
What behavior problems are most commonly referred to specialists for?
Definition
-Aggression
-Inappropriate elimination
-Destructive behavior
-Unruliness
-Barking
-Phobias
Term
What is the most common reason dogs are relinquished?
Definition
Behavioral issues
Term
What are 2 reasons dogs are less likely to be given up?
Definition
-If theyve been neutered
-If theyve had obedience training
Term
Why do we train our dogs?
Definition
We want them to be well mannered
Term
How often should you train your dog?
Definition
20 minutes max. 3-4 times a day
Term
Are larger or smaller training classes better? Why?
Definition
Smaller. More individual attention
Term
Why should you not use choke collars for early/young training?
Definition
They will outgrow them
Term
How long should leashes be while training?
Definition
at least 6 feet
Term
When is a gentle leader indicated?
Definition
-When dog is out of control
-When dog resists collar
Term
What is positive reinforcement?
Definition
A reward that the dog likes at the time of good behavior. Repetition is important
Term
What does the term Bridge mean?
Definition
An event marker, something between the behavior and the reward.
Term
What is an example of a bridge?
Definition
The clicker
Term
What is negative reinforcement?
Definition
-applying an aversive stimuli
-stop when desired behavior is seen
Term
What is an example of negative reinforcement?
Definition
Choke/pinch collars
Term
What is "punishment"
Definition
Applying an aversive stimuli immediately after an unwanted behavior. TIMING IS EVERYTHING
Term
What are some possible aversive acts?
Definition
-spray bottle
-rolled towel
-sound
-odor
-shock
Term
What are the 3 ways to get a behavior you want?
Definition
-Wait for it-Reward response
-Motivate-use treats or lures
-Force-manipulate dog
Term
How should you correct mouthing behavior?
Definition
-teach dog to settle down
-stroke around mouth (negative mark if dog bites on hand)
-Change environment and repeat
Term
How do you correct dog putting unwanted stuff in its mouth?
Definition
-Teach dog to take things when you say so. Stay-take it
Term
Why should you never call your dog, then punish it?
Definition
Will teach dog to ignore name
Term
What becomes of an unwanted behavior if you ignore it?
Definition
-Extinction
-Behavior may stop on its own when there is no reaction
Term
What is important to remember when correcting an unwanted behavior?
Definition
-Behavior must be corrected EVERY TIME. Make sure every member in the household treats the behavior in the same way
Term
What is a quick, 3-part way to stop unwanted behavior?
Definition
Distract-Interrupt-Redirect
Term
What does it mean to train incompatible behavior?
Definition
Example: When dog is sitting, he can't jump. Teach to sit when he normally would jump
-Also counter conditioning
Term
How much of a vets time do behavior problems take up?
Definition
20%
Term
Why is it helpful to do in-house behavioral histories?
Definition
Because then you can see the family and environment dog has been living in
Term
What is the behavioral history required for?
Definition
-To determine problem
-To identify stimulus
Term
What should background history on behavior include?
Definition
-Where owner got the pet.
-age
-diet
-what other pets and people live in the house
-prior experience
-if there are any health concerns
Term
What is the most common behavior problem in dogs?
Definition
Aggression
Term
How may types of aggression are there?
Definition
at least 12
Term
Can only one type be present?
Definition
no, it may be a combination of 2 or more
Term
Where is most canine aggression directed?
Definition
People (65%)
Term
What type of dog aggression is second to human aggression?
Definition
Interdog aggression
Term
What is agonistic behavior?
Definition
A range of activities associated with aggressive encounters
Term
What are some examples of agnostic behavior?
Definition
-threat
-attack
-appeasement
-retreat
-freezing and hard stare (often unnoticed)
Term
What is the number one kid health problem, seen by doctors?
Definition
Dog attacks
Term
What are some behaviors that should be displayed around dogs?
Definition
-Do not approach unfamiliar dogs
-Dont run from dog or scream
-If knocked over, curl into a ball
-Avoid direct eye contact
-Dont pet a dog without letting him see/sniff you
Term
Where do most dog bites occur?
Definition
near the home
Term
What are 2 common triggers for dog bites?
Definition
-resource guarding
-discipline
Term
Where on the body are most dog attacks directed?
Definition
face or extremities
Term
What is common in dogs that attack children?
Definition
anxiety issues
Term
Are female or male dogs more likely to bite?
Definition
Males are 6.2X more likely to bite
Term
Are intact or altered dogs more likely to bite?
Definition
Intact dogs are 2.6 X more likeyly to bite
Term
Are chained or unchained dogs more likely to bite?
Definition
Chained dogs are 2.8X more likely to bite
Term
Name the types of aggression (13)
Definition
-Dominance
-Fear induced
-Competitive
-Territorial
-Intermale
-Redirected
-Play
-Protective
-LEarned
-Medical
-Predatory
-Maternal
-Interfemale
Term
What is the ladder of aggression?
Definition
How a dog reacts to stress levels
Term
What are the levels of the ladder of aggression?
Definition
As stress increases, aggression gets worse.
Growling-Snapping-Biting
Term
Under what conditions is euthanasia if you have an aggressive dog?
Definition
-Readily aggressive to benign dominance challenges
-weighs more that 18.2 Kg
-Unpredictable attack
-Dog was purchased
Term
What is the #1 type of aggression seen by behavioral specialists?
Definition
Dominance aggression
Term
In who do we see dominance aggression in most frequently?
Definition
Intact males 18-24 months of age
Term
What are some important points to note about treatment of dominance aggression?
Definition
-may be dangerous to treat
-Owner must understand treatment
-Avoid aggressive situations
Term
What are some possible treatments for aggression?
Definition
-Castration
-Obedience
-Halter
-Behavior modification
-Prevent dominant behavior
-Meds
Term
What is fear induced aggression?
Definition
-A response to people
-Fear postures seen
-Snap, growl, attempt escape
Term
Why would fear aggression be self reinforcing?
Definition
-"If I get away, I'm not scared anymore"
-"If I bite him, he'll go away"
Term
How do we treat fear induced aggression?
Definition
-Desensitization and counter conditioning.
Term
Define predatory aggression
Definition
A natural instinct that can be seen in any age, sex, or breed of dog directed towards other animals or people
Term
fatal attacks are often due to what type of aggression?
Definition
Predatory
Term
What is commonly displayed by the dog when predatory aggression is present?
Definition
Chasing fast moving things
Term
In what cases is infant aggression at increased risk?
Definition
-predatory aggression seen
-aggression towards kids
-aggression towards adults
Term
What are some causes for medically related aggression?
Definition
-idiosyncratic
-hormone imbalance
-irritable *most common
-Hypothyroidism
-Hydrocephalic
-Rabies
Term
Are most behavior problems normal behaviors??
Definition
Yes
Term
What does treatment of behavior problems require?
Definition
Owner coopaeration
Term
Why do we not use drugs to solve behavior issues that often?
Definition
If drugs are all the owners are willing to use, the behavior will come back after time
Term
Is getting another dog a solution?
Definition
Usually not, more dogs equal more behavior problems
Term
Why do we need a behavioral history?
Definition
-To Identify the problem
-To identify the stimulus
Term
What is a BMP?
Definition
A behavior modification plan
Term
What is important to inform the clients when presenting a BMP?
Definition
-Need to know their perception of dogs' behavior
-They need to understand why it is incorrect and understand how they are rewarding the wrong things
Term
Why do we need to do physical exams on behavioral cases?
Definition
-Need to rule out disease
Term
How can you prevent excessive barking in dogs?
Definition
Can train to alarm bark (or bark on command). Do not reward excess barking.
Term
What are 3 important things to remember about punishment?
Definition
-Best if remote
-Be CONSISTENT
-Punish immediately when behavior starts
Term
What is a novel stimulus?
Definition
something that isn't normally there, like a special toy or sound
Term
What could excessive barking control be due to?
Definition
Could be part of a phobia
Term
What is the last resort for barking control?
Definition
Surgical debarking
Term
What could eliminating in the house be due to?
Definition
-a house breaking issue
-a medical problem
-"separation" anxiety
-Male marking behavior
-Dominance behavior
Term
How can we prevent male marking behavior?
Definition
-keep dog on leash
-time correction
-use odor neutralizers
Term
What happens if housebreaking is unsuccessful?
Definition
Often owners will turn dog loose or give away
Term
What is submissive urination?
Definition
A behavior that starts when dog is a puppy, normally will urinate when greeting a dominant animal. Often will outgrow, especially if ignored
Term
What should you avoid when trying to prevent submissive urination?
Definition
-Avoid dominant gestures like leaning over pup
-Countercondition. Distract puppy
-Don't excite the puppy
Term
When do owners commonly see destructive behavior?
Definition
When they are away from the dog
Term
What are some destructive acts we commonly see?
Definition
-Chewing
-Digging
-Knocking objects over
-Getting into trash
-Pooping on owners things
-Stealing
Term
What are 6 causes of destructive behavior?
Definition
-Lack of training
-Boredom (no psychological enrichment)
-Separation anxiety
-Overabundance of energy
-Unknown
Term
What are 2 things to consider when treating destructive behavior?
Definition
-Keep dog away from your things
-Dont leave unreliable dog unattended
Term
What specific things can you do to treat destructive behavior?
Definition
-basic obedience training
-actively interact with dog (15 min/day)
-exercise dog
-may need planned departures
-reward when being good
Term
Why do dogs present digging behavior?
Definition
-to escape
-boredom
-tension relief
-cooling holes
-nesting
-to get at prey
-allelomimetic
Term
What does allelomimetic mean?
Definition
Mimicing
Term
What are treatments for digging behavior?
Definition
-bring dog inside
-actively interact
-dont allow out unattended
limit access to sacred areas
-put food/water where digging
Term
What do owners typically do unknowingly when dog displays attention getting behavior?
Definition
Reinforces it
Term
Name 6 attention getting behaviors?
Definition
-Vomiting
-Anorexia
-Coughing
-Lameness
-Nosing
-Barking
Term
When is attention seeking behavior not seen?
Definition
When no one is there to reward it
Term
How do we treat attention getting behavior?
Definition
-Must convince owner that no medical problem exists
-stop all reinforcement-ignore-behavior will get worse before better
-Reward when not showing the behavior
-Remote punishment
Term
How do you ignore the dog?
Definition
-No eye contact
-No touching dog
-No talking to dog
-Turn/look away when behavior starts
-Reward when all 4 feet are on the ground
Term
What is hyperkinesis?
Definition
When a dog is abnormally active
-uncontrollable and aggressive
Term
In what age animals do we diagnose hyperkinesis in?
Definition
Adults only
Term
How do doctors diagnose hyperkinesis?
Definition
-take animal to a quiet room and get the HR and RR
-administer dexedrine
-Recheck HR and RR. If they have decreased, hyperkinesis is present
Term
What is dexedrine?
Definition
"Speed" it works in the opposite way for hyperkinetic animals
Term
how is escaping self reinforcing?
Definition
Every time dog successfully gets out, it is rewarding itself
Term
What does it mean to "shape and escape artist"?
Definition
Gradually increasing the fence heights for example. Instead of going from 4 to 5o to 6 feet etc. Should have gone from 4 to 10, to deter dog from climbing
Term
What are 5 reasons dogs escape?
Definition
-Females in heat
-Males seeking females in heat
-Boredom
-Barrier frustration
-Seeks something outside
Term
How can we preventatively treat escaping?
Definition
-make enclosure escape proof
-provide dog with yard activity
-Reward when good
-Remove dog from enclosure for training or prey
-REmote punishment (electric fence)
-Neutering
Term
In a dogs eyes, what are the rewards of roaming behavior?
Definition
-mates
-food
-prey
-adventure
Term
Why is roaming a particular risky behavior?
Definition
May result in injury or death
Term
What can we do to treat roaming?
Definition
-Castration
-prevent outside food source
-inform people dog roams to to use remote punishment
Term
what are some disadvantages to the invisible fence?
Definition
-Other animals may still enter the yard
-If dog is motivated enough, it may cross (and then may not cross back over into yard)
Term
What does chasing behavior often result in?
Definition
being HBC
Term
What is the easiest treatment of chase behavior?
Definition
Remove the stimulus
Term
What is anxiety?
Definition
Anticipation of danger from the unknown
Term
What is fear?
Definition
consciously recognized external threat
Term
What is a phobia?
Definition
Persistent, excessive, and irrational fears
Term
Between anxiety, fear, and phobia, which are normal behaviors?
Definition
Anxiety and fear are both normal behaviors
Term
What are some signs of anxiety?
Definition
-ears back
-panting
-licking lips
-trembling
-yawning
-pacing
Term
What are some signs of fear?
Definition
-tail tucked
-avoidance
-crying
-shaking
-escaping
-aggression
Term
What are some signs of phobia?
Definition
-overreation resulting in injury and destruction
Term
What are some causes of fear?
Definition
-Learned (from a traumatic event_
-Restricted of early experience
-may have genetic disposition
Term
What can fear behavior result in?
Definition
-Injury to dog
-Damage to property
-Upset owners
-Owner pet bond damaged
-Rehoming
Euthanasia
Term
What is separation anxiety?
Definition
The fear of being left alone. An abnormal, phobic behavior
Term
Is separation anxiety commonly referred to specialists?
Definition
Yes, second most common referral
Term
When are signs of separation anxiety seen?
Definition
Within 15 minutes of owner departure
Term
What behaviors do we see with separation anxiety?
Definition
-Barking
-Destructive behavior
-Elimination
Term
What are some therapies to separation anxiety?
Definition
-Provide novel stimulus
-Give interactive toy when leave
-Avoid emotional leavings and returns
-may need meds
-crate may help
Term
What can you do to treat the fear?
Definition
-Eliminate other causes
-Stop punishment on return
-Desensitization
-Counterconditioning
Term
Why is desensitization sometimes not successful?
Definition
because owners aren't willing to do it
Term
What are drugs approved for separation anxiety?
Definition
Clomicalm, Reconcile
Term
What is the full definition of a phobia?
Definition
Excessive fear associated with a response that is disproportionate to thedanger presented
Term
How can we treat phobias?
Definition
-Identify stimulus
-Desensitization
-counter-conditioning
-drug therapy
Term
What drugs can we use for phobias?
Definition
-panicolytic
-anxiolitic
Term
What are compulsive disorders?
Definition
actual brain disorder that may be a chemical imbalance
Term
Wha is the definition of a compulsive disorder?
Definition
Repetitive, ritualistic behavior in excess of those required for normal function
Term
Do you see compulsive behaviors in wild animals?
Definition
no
Term
What are soem compulsive disorders?
Definition
-flank sucking
-fly biting
-tail chasing
-pacing
pica
lick granulomas
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