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Beef Slaughter & Basic Animal Structure
beef slaughter, antemortem, post mortem, adjectives of position
92
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
01/09/2014

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Cards

Term
Which inspection occurs before death?
Definition
antemortem
Term
True or False

The antemortem inspection must be done within 48 hours prior to slaughter
Definition
False

Within 24hrs of slaughter
Term
This inspection is all about protecting the consumer
Definition
antemortem
Term
What are you looking for in an antemortem inspection?
Definition
animals that are fit for human consumption
Term
What is zoonosis?
Definition
Diseases that can be transmitted from animals to humans
Term
Give two examples of a disease that fits the 'zoonosis' criteria
Definition
Mad Cow Disease (Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy)
Term
Why might cattle be given hormone implants?
Definition
increase weight gain & feed conversion
increase carcass weights & muscling
increase returns for producer
lower cost of production for producer
Term
True or False

Hormone implants can only legally be used in veal
Definition
False

Only in beef cattle (not veal!)
Term
What animals might be found to require special handling upon antemortem inspection?
Definition
injured animals
animals contaminated with manure/tag
Term
How can you minimize contamination in regards to animals with tag/manure?
Definition
-hide on carcass washes
-application of organic acids/other chemicals
-steam or hot water pasteurization
Term
What inspection occurs after death of an animal?
Definition
post mortem
Term
What are you looking for in a post mortem inspection?
Definition
examining carcass for dirt, feces, lesions, tumours, abcesses, parasites, signs of disease in lymph nodes
Term
Why is examining the lymph nodes important? What might indicate a problem?
Definition
determine the incidence & severity of disease in an animal, to see if there is a danger to the consumer

-colour & size
Term
What internal parts are important to examine in a post mortem inspection?
Definition
head (masticatory muscles) for tapeworms
lungs (for pneumonia)
liver (for abscesses & parasites)
heart (for cysticerus bovis)
Term
What percentage of a steer does the carcass make up, after slaughter?
Definition
60%
Term
What percentage of a steer does the hide make up, after slaughter?
Definition
7.3%
Term
What percentage of a steer does the gut fill make up, after slaughter?
Definition
10%
Term
What do we do with the fat, bone, inedible trim and waste from a steer?
Definition
sent for rendering
Term
The eye is ______ and _______ to the chest
Definition
anterior & dorsal
Term
What are the two main body cavities?
Definition
dorsal and ventral
Term
What are the advantages of using hormone implants?
Definition
-increased gains & feed conversion
-lower production costs for producer
-increase carcass weights and muscling
-increase returns for producer
Term
What are an inspector's 3 options after inspecting the lymph nodes of a carcass?
Definition
-hold carcass for further testing
-condemn the carcass for destruction/rendering
-allow carcass to enter the human food chain
Term
What organs/portions of the body are important to look at in a post-mortem inspection & why?
Definition
Head (cystericus bovis - tapeworm)
Lungs (pneumonia)
Liver (abscesses, parasites)
Heart (cystecercus bovis)
Term
What is the average beef carcass weight?
Definition
800lbs
Term
Why is there a need for adjectives of position?
Definition
-accurate description of body parts regardless of the orientation of the observer or position of the animal
Term
Anterior is also referred to as:
Definition
Cranial
Term
Posterior is also referred to as
Definition
Caudal
Term
What is the median plane?
Definition
Imaginary plane that splits the body into equal left and right sides
Term
The knee is _______ to the hoof
Definition
Proximal
Term
What 4 adjectives of position refer ONLY to regions of the limb?
Definition
Proximal
Distal
Medial
Lateral
Term
The (inside/outside) surface of the carcass is the medial side
Definition
Inside
Term
Bovine is to cattle as ____ is to sheep
Definition
Ovine
Term
Equine is to horses as ______ is to pigs
Definition
Porcine
Term
Canine is to dogs as _______ is to goats
Definition
Caprine
Term
What is the word for a sire in pigs? Dam?
Definition
Sire: boar
Dam: sow
Term
What is the saggital plane?
Definition
Divides the body into left and right halves, not necessarily equally
Term
What adjective of position means 'towards the oral or nasal region'?
Definition
rostral
Term
What body cavity protects the the organs of the nervous system, and what organs does it include?
Definition
Dorsal Cavity

Skull, brain, vertical column, spinal cord
Term
What is the thoracic cavity? What organs are found in it?
Definition
the cavity in the vertebrate body enclosed by the ribs between the diaphragm and the neck

-lungs, heart, mediastinum (trachea & esophagus)
Term
What organs are found in the abdominal cavity?
Definition
stomach, liver, gallbladder, spleen, pancreas, small intestine, kidneys, large intestine, and adrenal glands
Term
Does 'carpal' relate to regions of the forelimbs or hindlimbs?
Definition
forelimbs
Term
True or False

The dewclaw is distal to the carpus in the forelimb
Definition
True
Term
Give the 'farm animal' equivalent of the following human joints:

Wrist
Ankle
Definition
Human wrist = carpus
Human ankle = tarsus
Term
What is the following sentence describing?

"soft internal organs of the body, especially those contained within the abdominal and thoracic cavities"
Definition
viscera
Term
What are the two layers of the pleura? What is defining characteristic of each?
Definition
Visceral: directly covers (is attached to) the lungs

Parietal: attached to the wall of the thoracic cavity
Term
What is the pleura?
Definition
delicate membrane surrounding the organs & structures in the thoracic cavity (esp lungs)
Term
What is the correct term when referring to the 'father' in each of these species?

Pigs
Chicken
Turkey
Sheep
Definition
Pigs: boar
Chicken: cock
Turkey: tom
Sheep: ram
Term
What is the correct term when referring to the 'mother' of each of these species?

Cattle
Sheep
Pigs
Chicken
Turkey
Definition
Cattle: cow
Sheep: ewe
Pigs: sow
Chicken: hen
Turkey: hen
Term
What is the correct term when referring to the castrated form of each of these species?

Cattle
Pigs
Sheep
Chickens
Definition
Cattle: steer
Pigs: barrow
Sheep: whether
Chickens: capon
Term
What are the 3 methods of castration?
Definition
Surgical
Crushing of spermatic cords
Chemical halt of testicular function
Term
Which would have better growth performance & carcass size, bulls or steers?
Definition
Bulls
Term
Which would have better meat quality, bulls or steers?
Definition
Steers
Term
Why is meat from a bull less palatable?
Definition
less intramuscular fat deposition makes it less juicy & tender
Term
What is a common issue in meat quality from intact male pigs?
Definition
boar taint
Term
What is more popularly used in Ontario, wethers or rams? Why?
Definition
rams because of increased growth and muscle development
Term
Why does castration in broiler production not matter?
Definition
harvested before sexual maturity is reached
Term
What age do steers & heifers get marketed?
Definition
15mo up to approx. 29 mo
Term
What defines a heifer?
Definition
young cow before first calf
Term
What would likely have a longer lifespan, a beef cow or dairy cow?
Definition
beef cow
Term
Why is body condition scoring important?
Definition
assess breeding stock
assess health status
asses success of current feeding programs
assess pronounced masculinity
asses degree of finish
Term
What is the dewlap? What is its function?
Definition
large median skin fold at the caudal end of the neck, cools the animal
Term
Where are the outer abdominal muscles located on a cow?
Definition
flank
Term
Which part of cattle anatomy is a 'non-weight bearing digit'?
Definition
dewclaw
Term
Are the hook bones caudal or cranial with respect to the pin bones?
Definition
cranial
Term
The ____ flexes anteriorly while the ____ flexes posteriorly

(carpus/tarsus)
Definition
tarsus.....carpus
Term
What is the shank?
Definition
another term for the metacarpals (forelimb) or metatarsals (hindlimb)
Term
This bone is a palpable prominence on the ileum
Definition
Hook
Term
This bone is an isciatic projection on the ischium
Definition
Pin
Term
What are the tuber coxae?
Definition
point of hip (hook) bones
Term
Which bone forms the cranial part of the floor of the pelvis?
Definition
pubis
Term
What is the jowl
Definition
lateroventral parts of the neck in a pig
Term
What is the movable tip of the muzzle of a pig?
Definition
snout
Term
What is the name & function of the fat found under the hide?
Definition
subcutaneous fat
thermal insulation
Term
What is another word for intermuscular fat?
Definition
seam fat
Term
What is the name for fat depots within the gut?
Definition
visceral/body cavity fat
Term
What are the 3 main parts of mammalian cells?
Definition
cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus
Term
What tissue forms glands for secretion of substances & waste excretion?
Definition
epithelial
Term
What tissue covers body surfaces?
Definition
epithelial
Term
What is the function of connective tissue
Definition
support the body
Term
Which of the following is NOT a connective tissue?

adipose
cartilage
bone
blood
skeletal muscle
Definition
skeletal muscle
Term
What are 3 classifications of muscle? Which are automatic and which are voluntary?
Definition
cardiac - auto
smooth - auto
skeletal - voluntary
Term
What is the most complex level of body organization?
Definition
systems
Term
What is the function of the nervous system?
Definition
gathering & processing of sensory information
Term
What are organs?
Definition
groups of tissues which serve to work for a common function
Term
What are the 3 components of the pelvic girdle?
Definition
Ilium (hook)
Ischium (pin)
Pubis
Term
[image]
Definition

1. poll

2. crest

3. shoulder

4. loin

5. hook

6. rump

7. pins

8. thigh

9. tarsus (hock)

10. shank

11. cod

12. paunch

13. flank

14. elbow

15. carpus (knee)

16. dew claw

17. brisket

18. dewlap

19. muzzle

Term
[image]
Definition

1. Loin

2. Rump

3. Hock

4. Belly

5. Shank

6. Jowl

7. Snout

8. Shoulder

9. Flank

Term
[image]
Definition

1. Back

2. Shoulder

3. Loin

4. Thigh

5. Dock (tail)

6. Hock

7. Belly

8. Flank

9. Dewclaw

10. Breast

Term
What does the dorsal cavity consist of?
Definition
cranial cavity (brain)
vertebral cavity (spinal cord & nerve roots)
Term
What does the ventral cavity consist of?
Definition
thoracic cavity, abdominal cavity & pelvic cavity
Term
What does the pelvic cavity consist of?
Definition
pelvis, bladder, reproductive organs, rectum
Term
Where is the mediastinum located?
Definition
Between the pleural coverings of the right & left lungs (interpleural space)
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