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Basic Chemistry Terms Ch. 2
Chemistry Terms
31
Anatomy
12th Grade
09/17/2008

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Term
Matter
Definition
anything that occupies space and has mass
Term
Physical Changes
Definition
changes that do not alter the basic nature of the substance
Term
Kinetic Energy
Definition
the energy of motion (moving objects)
Term
Atom
Definition
the building block of an element, the smallest particle that still retains its special properties
Term
Electrons
Definition
have negative charges equal in strength of the positive charge of the protons ( in the area around the atom [electron field])
Term
Electrolytes
Definition
a substance that breaks down into ions in a solution; can conduct an electrical current in solution
Term
Ions
Definition
formed when an atom looses of gains electrons (causes the atom to become positive of negative)
Term
Elements
Definition
substance that can not be broken down into simpler substances by ordinary chemical methods
Term
Decomposition Reactions
Definition
occur when a molecule is broken down into smaller molecules, atoms, or ions
Term
Atomic Weight
Definition
average of the atomic mass numbers of all the isotopes of an atom
Term
Neutron
Definition
in the nucleus of the atom, has no charge
Term
Inorganic Compounds
Definition
a compound that lacks carbon (water)
Term
Compound
Definition
when two or more different atoms bind together to form a molecule
Term
Isotopes
Definition
have the same number of protons and electrons but vary in the number of neutrons they contain
Term
Radioisotopes
Definition
an isotope who exhibits radioactive behavior(formed from heavier isotopes that have decomposed to become more stable)
Term
Catalyst
Definition
a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without becoming part of its product or being changed itself
Term
Protons
Definition
in the nucleus of the atom, have a positive charge
Term
Chemical Change
Definition
a change that alters the composition of the suubstance
Term
Electron Shells
Definition
region around the nucleus in which electrons occupy
Term
Valence Shell
Definition
the atoms outermost electron shell, involved in bonding
Term
Atomic Mass Number
Definition
The sum of the protons and neutrons contained in its nucleus
Term
Potential Energy
Definition
inactive or stored energy(batteries in unused toy)
Term
Nucleotides
Definition
the building block of nucleic acid; made up of 5 carbon sugar nitrogen containing base and a phosphate group
Term
Ionic Bonds
Definition
form when electrons are completely transferred from one atom to another
Term
Salts
Definition
ionic compound that dissociated into charged particles when dissolved in water
Term
Covalent Bonds
Definition
when molecules share electrons
Term
Hydrogen Bonds
Definition
Extremely week bonds formed when a hydrogen atom bout to one electron hungry nitrogen or oxygen atom is attracted to another electron hungry atom and the hydrogen forms a BRIDGE between them
Term
Amino Acids
Definition
an organic compound containing nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; the building blocks of proteins
Term
Synthesis Reactions
Definition
occur when two or more atoms or molecules combine to form a larger more complex molecule
Term
Exchange Reactions
Definition
a switch between synthesis and decomposition reactions, bonds are both made and broken
Term
Organic Compounds
Definition
carbon containing compounds (ex. proteins carbohydrates fats)
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