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Bales
White Matter
36
Anatomy
Professional
03/04/2011

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Cards

Term
What are the different names of collections of axons from neurons that are similar ie doing a similar fx?
Definition
bundle, fasciculus, tract
stria, ansa
Term
What is a radiation?
Definition
a projection from a more localised area to a broader area
Term
What are 'U' or 'arcuate' fibers
Definition
short fasciculi that interconnect close cortical regions
Term
Name the 2 intra hemispheric association bundles and their paths
Definition
sup and inf longitudinal fasiculus-> anteroposteriorly
Term
What connects Wernicke's area and Brocke's area and what happens if there is a lesion
Definition
arcuate fasciculus (left side-usually dominant side) and would cause speech problems. eg person would not be able tp repeat the word tree back to you
Term
What connects occipital and temporal lobe?
Definition
inferior longitudinal fasciculus
Term
What connects the temporal and frontal lobes and what happens if damaged?
Definition
uncinate fasciculus (hooked shaped)and causes unicnate fits (seizures)
Term
What interconnects the anterior temporal lobes?
Definition
anterior commisure
Term
What and where is forceps major and minor?
Definition
Forceps minor: anterior portion of corpus callosum connecting frontal lobes
Forceps major: posterior corpus callosum
Corpus callosum interconnecting occipital lobes
Term
Name the different parts of the corpus callosum and there location
Definition
rostrum->genu->body->splenium
anterior to posterior
Term
What is a disconnection syndrome
Definition
Absence of/lesion of corpus callosum
Term
Name a disease that affects the corpus callosum
Definition
Tay Sachs disease->shows a thinning of corpus callosum
Term
What part of the corpus callosum is removed if you have severe seizures and what is left and why?
Definition
anterior and body removed and splenium left so that the visual information can go back and forth. So that visual information can be connected to Broca's area.
Term
What does the corona radiata represent?
Definition
Fibers to and from cortex and lower (subcortical) structures(eg thalamus, brainstem and spinal cord) like a funnel
Term
What is the internal capsule?
Definition
narrowing of the corona radiata-> b/w brainstem and corona radiata
Term
Name the 3 parts of the internal capsule
Definition
anterior limb, genu and posterior limb
Term
What lies lateral to external capsule?
Definition
claustrum->extreme capsule->insula
Term
What is the centrum semiovale?
Definition
large central area of white matter in the cerebrum->includes the intersections of internal capsule, callosal fibers and superior longitudinal fissure.
Term
Does the brainstem consist of grey matter?
Definition
white and grey matter mostly jumbled up
Term
What are the brainstems associated tracts?
Definition
medial longitudinal fasciculus and central tegmental tract
Term
are association bundles inter or intrahemispheric
Definition
intrahemispheric
Term
what is a projection?
Definition
one way fiber tract
Term
what is The arcuate fasciculus?
Definition
the lower part of SLF both anteriorly and posteriorly sweeps downward
- this arching subset of the SLF interconnecting Wernicke’s and Broca’s speech(language)areas is given the special name arcuate fasciculus
Term
what are arcuate fasciculi?
Definition
curved tracts that connect adjacent areas of cortex
Term
A lesion in what part of the SLF will cause speech and language problems?
Definition
Lesion of the left (dominant side) arcuate fasciculus causes problems of speech and language because it interrupts communication from the language comprehension cortex to the motor speech cortex
Term
what is the cingulum?
Definition
as association tract of the liimbic system that underlies the cingulate and parahippocampal gyri
Term
how has intractable pain and OCD been treated surgically?
Definition
cingulotomy
Term
what kind of lesion affects the upward gaze?
Definition
a lesion on the posterior
commissure; in ventral stalk of pineal gland; connects visual nuclei in midbrain tectum
Term
where is the anterior commissure? What structures does it connect?
Definition
superior part of lamina terminalis; middle and inferior gyri of the temporal lobe and olfactory cortex
Term
what is the largest commissure in the brain? What is it formed from?
Definition
Corpus Callosum formed from the
majority of mirror image interhemispheric connections
Term
give superior, inferior and midline relationships of the corpus callosum
Definition
> the superior side of the callosum in the midline is at the bottom of the longitudinal fissure
> the inferior side forms the roof of the lateral ventricle and relates to the fornix and septum pellucidum in the midline
Term
what structure is partially removed to treat intractable seizures? what part if preferentially removed and why?
Definition
corpus callosum
anterior is preferentially removed because it is the main culprit in seizures and the splenium connects the dominant Broca's area to the non-dominant side of the brain.
Term
name four vertical tracts contained in the internal capsule
Definition
including ascending thalamocortical
fibers and descending corticothalamic, corticospinal and corticobulbar fibers
Term
what fibers does the ALIC carry?
Definition
corticopontine
Term
what fibers do the PLIC carry?
Definition
corticospinal
Term
what fibers does the genu of the internal capsule carry?
Definition
corticobulbar fibers
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