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Bales
Sagital and Cerebral topography
89
Anatomy
Post-Graduate
03/03/2011

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Cards

Term
commisure
Definition
connects similar things across midline
Term
components of epithalamus
Definition
pineal gland and posterior commisure
Term
corpus callosum
Definition
largest white matter
Term
what are 4 brain lobes
Definition
frontal, parietal, occipital and temporal
Term
pinneal gland
Definition
midline unpaired gland
Term
what is the white line on top of thalamus?
Definition
Stria medullaris thalami
Term
what is in the dorsal wall of the pineal stalk?
Definition
habenular nucleus
Term
What is the prominent posterior part of the midbrain?
Definition
the tectum
Term
What are the 3 subdivisions of the diencephalon and where are they in relation to eachother?
Definition
thalamus (central), epithalamus (posterosuperior) and hypothalamus (inferior)
Term
The major afferent tract to habenula?
Definition
stria medullaris thalami
Term
habenular nucleus
Definition
part of limbic system
Term
Fx of habenula
Definition
animal experiements- role in emotional and motivational decision-making
Term
Where is the pineal gland located?
Definition
It is a posterior projection that floats in CSF between the midbrain and corpus callosum.
Term
Can the pineal gland show up on and Xray? If so Why?
Definition
Yes, propensity to get calcified.
Term
If the pineal gland becomes a tumor, what does it compress and what are the consequences?
Definition
Compresses and closes off the cerebral aqueduct-> visual problems and closes off aqueduct to midbrain->ballooned out corpus callosum which leads to hydrocephaly.
Term
gyrus
Definition
grey matter over a central core (ridge) of white matter
Term
sulcus
Definition
trough between adjacent gyri
Term
The sulcus is occupied by what?
Definition
subarachnoid space
Term
Do the folds affect brain fx?
Definition
No, potential to injury only
Term
What do you lose in neurodegenerative diseases?
What morphological changes?
Definition
Grey matter. Widening of sulci is secondary to grey shrinkage.
Term
what are the 12 names gyri?
Definition
sup. midddle and inf frontal
precentral and postcentral
sup. middle and inf temporal
sup parietal, supramarginal, angular and occipital...now show where they are on your partner:)
Term
precentral and postcentral gyrus are connected by what?
Definition
paracentral lobule
Term
Name the parts of the hypothalamus
Definition
mammillary bodies and pituitary stalk
Term
What major landmark is just rostral and inferior to the hypothalamus?
Definition
optic chiasm
Term
What and where is Broca's area?
Definition
directs speech production. pars triangularis B45 and pars opercularis B44 (inf frontal gyrus).
NB: broca's area is unilateral with side of occurence called the dominant hemisphere. RH on LS 95% and LH 65% of time,
Term
Where are BA 6 and 8 located and what is there fx?
Definition
6-posteriormost superior and middle frontal gyri: planning and body movements.
B8: rostral to B6: frontal eye fields bilaterally->horizontal eye movements
Term
name the inf. frontal gyrus parts and where they are in relation to eachother.
Definition
pars opercularis pars triangularis

pars orbitalis

Term
what is BA 44 and 45 and what fx
Definition
Broca's area for motor speech
Term
Where is Wernickes area
Definition
superior temporal gyrus
BA 22 think auditory (secondary)
Term
what do you find at the end of the lateral fissure?
Definition
supramarginal gyrus (BA40)
Term
What is at the end of the superior temporal sulcus
Definition
angular gyrus (BA39)
Term
Where is the insular found?
Definition
medial to frontal and parietal lobes.
Term
Where is primary auditory cortex?
What are BA #s?
Definition
tranverse temporal gyri
BA 41 and 42
Term
Where is the short gyri of insular?
Definition
anterior
Term
where is the long insular gyri
Definition
posterior
Term
where is the cingulate gyrus?
Definition
wraps around corpus callosum
Term
what connects parahippocampal gyrus and cingulate gyrus (limbic lobe)
Definition
isthmus
Term
what separates the occipital lobe into upper and lower parts?
Definition
calcarine sulcus
Term
What BA # and where is the primary visual cortex?
Definition
BA 17
either side of calcarine sulcus
Term
fusiform gyrus ?
Definition
face recognition
Term
Where is BA 34 and what is it associated
Definition
medial uncus, olfactory anf limbic (movement)
Term
Where is the anterior commissure?
Definition
Anterior wall of 3rd ventricle (lamina terminalis)
Term
What does the brainstem consist of?
Definition
medulla, pons and mid-brain
Term
What large white matter tract arches above the thalamus?
Definition
body of the fornix
Term
What is the septum pellucidum?
Definition
semitransparant membrane stretching between the corpus callosum and fornix, separating the left and right ventricles
Term
What is the habenula?
Definition
bump on posteromedial thalamus representing habenular nucleus
Term
Is the stria medulla thalami functionally related to the pinneal gland?
Definition
No! to the habenula!
Term
Where is the posterior commisure?
What purpose does it serve?
Definition
junction of the pineal stalk and midbrain tectum, near jx of 3rd ventricle and cerebral aqueduct.
It serves 2 nuclei involved in visual system reflexes: pretectal nucleus and superior colliculus.
Term
What is the primary motor cortex and what is the BA #?
Definition
precentral gyrus. BA # 4
Term
What is BA 3,2,1
Definition
postcentral sulcus priamary sensory cortex
Term
Describe the motor homunculus
Definition
headless trunk standing on the cingulate gyrus and bent over the medial-lateral junction, holdingits head by the hair
Term
Describe the sensory homunculus
Definition
genitals on medial surface, headless trunk on cingulate gyrus and bent over holding head by hair (larger face than motor)
Term
Prefrontal cortex has what fx?
Definition
thinking, cognition, personality.
Term
Where is Wernicke's area?
Definition
Posterior part of BA 22 (secondary auditory cortex) on superior temporal gyrus.
Term
BA 39 and 40?
Definition
39: angular gyrus-just rostral to the boundary with the occipital lobe.
40: supramarginal gyrus-rostral to angular.
Term
BA 41, 42 (Heschls)?
Definition
Transverse temporal gyri are located on the superior aspect of the temporal lobe. NB: have to remove parts of frontal and parietal lobes to reveal.
Term
Planum temporale
Definition
posterior to Heschl's gyri-> language processing.
Term
BA 41 (+/-42)?
Definition
Primary auditory cortex surrounded on 3 sides by secondary auditory cortex BA 22
Term
Where are insualargyri located?
Definition
Floor of lateral fissure
Term
What covers insular?
Definition
frontal, temporal and parietal operculum.
Term
What surrounds the island of grey matter known as the insular?
Definition
circular sulcus (it's moat)
Term
What separate the inf and sup parietal lobule and where is it located?
Definition
interparietal sulcus. Above the angualar and supramarginal gyri.
Term
What wraps around the corpus callosum?
Definition
cingulate gyrus
Term
What is the linbic lobe?
Definition
cingulate gyrus + parahippocampal gyrus
Term
What is the fx of the isthmus?
Definition
connects the cingulate to the parahippocampal gyrus at the splenium
Term
What branch of the cingulate turns upward?
Definition
marginal ramus
Term
Where is precuneus
Definition
b/w marginal ramus and parietooccipital sulcus (parietal lobe)
Term
What divides the upper and lower occiptital lobes?
Definition
Calcarine sulcus
Term
Where is the cuneus and lingual gyrus?
Definition
Above and below the calcarine sulcus in the occiptial lobe.
Term
BA 17
Definition
Cortex along either side of the calcarine sulcus-primary visual area.
Term
5 gyri of inferior surface
Definition
gyrus rectus, orbital gyri, parahippocampal, occipitotemporal and inf temporal gyrus.
Term
where is the olfactory sulcus?
Definition
in b/w gyrus rectus and orbital gyri.
Term
What lie in the olfactory gyrus
Definition
olfactory bulb and tract
Term
What lies at the anterimedial projection of the parahippocampus gyrus?
Definition
uncus
Term
What separates teh parahippocampal gyrus from the occipitotemporal gyrus and where are they located?
Definition
collateral sulcus. inf cerebral cortex (medial to lateral)
Term
BA 28 and B34 location and what is special about them?
Definition
28: Anterior parahippocampal gyrus
34: medial side of uncus
Both primary olfactory and limbic assoc iation cortices.
Term
Do the folds and folding pattern have a neural functional pattern?
Definition
No! cortical surface folding differ amoung individuals-major features same, but not the details.
Term
How do neurons build up the cortical layers? Which directions and through what layers?
Definition
From the inside out via radial migration. Ventricular surface->subventricular zone->intermediate zone->subplate->cortical plate->marginal zone->superficial granular layer.
Term
defintition of pachgyria
Definition
'thick' gyri
Term
what is lissencephaly?
Definition
complete absence of gyri
Term
Name the vasculature supplying the brain.
Definition
Carotid aa (carotid canal) and vertebral aa (foramen magnum) join to form basilar a. anterior, middle and posterior cerebral aa. Anterior connected via ant communicating branch and carotid to post. cerebral via post communiating br. If confused at this pt....LOOK IT UP!!
Term
What aa are involved in circle of Willis
Definition
ant. communicating, ant cerebral (L and R), internal carotid (L and R),posterior cerebral (L and R) and post. communicating (L and R)
Term
Describe the path of the anterior cerebral artery
Definition
carotid a-> cerebral a->wraps dorsally around corpus callosum in the longnitudinal fissure. Supplies medial surface and corpus callosum as far as parietal-occipital sulcus. Branches extend out of the longnitudinal fissure onto the lateral surface.
IF you got that good job...if not keep trying:)
Term
Give me the details of anterior cerebral a's path
Definition
A1-ICA to ant communicatin a
A2- ant communicating to genu
At genu it splits into pericallosal(inf) and callosomargical brs.
A3-distal to genu
Term
name structure ACA supplies
Definition
corpus callosum, cingulate gyrus, sup frontal gyrus and paracentral lobule
Term
Describe the flow of middle cerebral artery and what it supplies
Definition
back thru lateral fissure and supplies lateral fissure area, superior temporal lobe and most of lateral surface.
Term
name the structures the MCA supplies
Definition
insula, auditory cortex, upper limb and face motor and sensory areas
Term
path of post. cerebral a
Definition
between cerebrum and cerebellum.
Term
what structures does PCA supply?
Definition
medial and inferior temporal lobe, medial and lateral occipital lobes.
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