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Bakkum - Neuroanatomy Exam III
Spring 2010
41
Anatomy
Professional
04/26/2010

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Term
Molecular Layer of Cerebellum
Definition
Basket cells and stellate cells.
Dendrites of purkinje cells.
Term
Purkinje Layer of Cerebellum
Definition
Purkinje cells (inhibit central nuclei of cerebellum)
Term
Granular layer of cerebellum
Definition
Golgi cells and Granule cells
Term
Superior cerebellar peduncle
Definition
Mostly out, some in. (midbrain)
Term
Middle cerebellar peduncle
Definition
In only. (Pons)
Term
Inferior cerebellar peduncle
Definition
Mostly IN, some out.
Term
Vestibulocerebellumte.
Definition
Flocculus. Muscle tone. Vestibular input. Posture. Slow pursuit movement of eyes.
Term
Spinocerebellum
Definition
Large/gross motor skill coordination.
Term
Pontocerebellum
Definition
Small/fine motor skill coordination.
Term
Midline lesion of cerebellum
Definition
ataxic gait, lack of processing of equilibrium.
Term
Lateral lesion of cerebellum
Definition
Intention tremors, dysarthria, , uncoordinated movement. (ipsilateral)
Term
Basal Ganglia
Definition
Globus pallidus normally inhibits thalamus. Cerebral cortex stimulates the striatum to turn off the globus pallidus which frees the thalamus. DISINHIBITION.
Term
Problems with basal ganglia
Definition
Ballism, dyskinesias, huntingtons, parkinsons, kayser-fleischner ring. THINK PURPOSELESS INVOLUNTARY MOVEMENTS.
Term
Preoptic nucleus
Definition
Parasympathetic heat loss and anterior pituitary control
Term
Lateral nucleus
Definition
Feeding.
Term
Tuberal Nuclei
Definition
Anterior pituitary control
Term
Supraoptic nucleus
Definition
Thirst control - ADH and oxytocin for release from posterior pituitary
Term
Paraventricular nucleus
Definition
ADH (vasopressin) and oxytocin for release by posterior pituitary
Term
Suprachiasmatic Nucleus
Definition
Circadian Rhythms, Pineal gland connections
Term
Anterior Nucleus
Definition
Parasympathetic heat loss
Term
Ventromedial nucleus
Definition
Satiety.
Term
Dorsomedial nucleus
Definition
Emotions. SHAM RAGE!!!
Term
Arcuate Nucleus
Definition
main control of anterior pituitary
Term
Mamillary nucleus
Definition
Memory. Part of circuit of papez. Also regulates autonomic behaviors with reticular formation.
Term
Posterior nucleus
Definition
Sympathetic - conserving heat
Term
Circuit of papez
Definition
Hippocampus - alveus - fornix - mamillary bodies - anterior nucleus of thalamus - cingulate gyrus - entorhinal cortex - back to hippocampus.
Main function is to consolidate long term memories.
Term
Auditory pathway
Definition
Bipolar cells in spiral ganglion - cochlear nuclei - decussate in trapezoid body - some synapse in superior olive, some don't (binaural stimulation) - lateral lemniscus - inferior colliculus (obligatory) - MGN - auditory cortex (41 and 42) - auditory association cortex (22).
Superior olives also provide feedback to spiral ganglion and motor nuclei of V and VII (middle ear reflex)
Term
Nystagmus
Definition
Vestibulo-ocular network. Rotate to the left, nystagmus (fast motion) will be to the right.
Term
Spinothalamic path
Definition
Fast - VPL thalamic nucleus. Slow - intralaminar, posterior, and MD thalamic nuclei.
Term
DCML pathway
Definition
Dorsal Column (gracilus/cuneatus) - decussate in medulla - VPL - primary sensory cortex (3,1,2)
Term
Sensory pathways for the head
Definition
Trigeminothalamic system.
V, VII, IX, and X.
Term
Pain and temperature for the head
Definition
Caudal 1/3 of spinal V nucleus - VPM - 3,1,2
Term
Crude touch from the head
Definition
Crfanial 2/3 of spinal V nucleus - VPM - 3,1,2
Term
Fine touch from the head
Definition
Chief nucleus of V - VPM via dorsotrigemnial tract (some decussation) - 3,1,2
Term
Conscious proprioception from the head
Definition
Chief nucleus of V - NO crossing in dorsal trigeminothalamic tract - VPM - 3,1,2
Term
Upper motor neuron lesion
Definition
paralyzed ON (spastic paralysis) Hyperreflexia, some atrophy but not much
Term
Lower motor neuron lesion
Definition
Paralyzed OFF. Hyporeflexia, severe muscle atrophy.
Term
Uvula tales of lesion:
Definition
Upper motor lesion - deviates toward lesion.
Lower motor lesion - deviates away from lesion
Term
Tongue tales of lesion (opposite of uvula)
Definition
Upper motor lesion - tongue deviates away from lesion.
Lower motor neuron lesion - tongue deviates toward the lesion
Term
Ahhhh Upper
Definition
Towards
Term
Togue upper
Definition
Away
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