Term
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Definition
pus in the skin
Staphyloccocus pseudointermedius for dogs
Pasteurella multicida for cats |
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Term
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Definition
Staphyloccocus pseudointermedius
Staphyloccocus schleiferi
other Staph spp. |
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Term
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Definition
Pasteurella multocida
Staphylococcus aureus
other Staph spp. |
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Term
|
Definition
have ability to live and multiply on skin
persist for long periods of time
may overgrow and cause infection when conditions are favorable |
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Term
|
Definition
considered contaminants from animal's environment
do not multiply on skin
under normal conditions carried on skin for short period of time
opportunistic may cause infection |
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Term
| Transient Bacteria of Dogs |
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Definition
Pseudomonas spp.
Proteus spp.
Mycobacterium spp. |
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Term
| Transient Bacteria of Cats |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
consistent skin lesions
cocci in intact pustules
intracellular cocci
degenerate neutrophils |
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Term
|
Definition
effective against specific bacteria
tissue distribution to the skin
minimum side effects
easy to give, cheap
continue tx 1-2 weeks beyond clinical cure (at least 21 days)
then healthy skin will fully replace the diseased skin by then |
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Term
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Definition
hot spots
cute moist dermatitis |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Causes of Pyotraumatic Dermatitis |
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Definition
allergic disease
fleas
ectoparasites
anal sac problems
otitis externa
irritants
foreign bodies
fur mats in coats |
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Term
| Pyotraumatic Dermatitis Lesions |
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Definition
sharply demarcated circular/oval
red, moist, exudative
alopecic in the center
painful
hair around margins sticks to the lesion
may occur rapidly within hours |
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Term
| Pyotraumatic Dermatitis Treatment |
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Definition
find and correct underlying cause
clip and clean
astringent with wet tea bags
short term oral prednisone to decrease pruritis
prevent continued self-trauma
systemic antibiotics if satellite lesions of folliculitis
rarely culture
Clavamox, Cephalexin, Cefpodoxime proxetil, Clindamycin |
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Term
|
Definition
inflammation of body folds
skin surfces rub together
due to breed standards, obesity, skin thickening due to chronic inflammation |
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Term
|
Definition
glandular secretions get trapped
friction disrupts epithelium
creates an environment that favors bacteria and yeast overgrowth
micro-orgnisms break down sebum and debris and produce substances that are irritating and malodorous |
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Term
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Definition
lip folds
facial folds
vulvar folds
tail folds
body folds |
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Term
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Definition
correct fold if possible
clip hair
remove surface debris
topical anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, or antifungal agents |
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Term
|
Definition
overgrowth of organisms in normal flora of skin
affects puppies and kittens
coagulase positive Staph in puppies
Pasteurella multicida, B-hemolytic strept in kittens due to overzealous mouthing by queen
often secondary to parasitism, viral infection, dirty environment, poor nutrition |
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Term
|
Definition
happens in older animals
often associated with immunosuppression and/or excessive corticosteroids |
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Term
|
Definition
nonfollicular pustule
nonpainful, generally nonpruritic
in dogs, happens in glabrous areas
in cats, back of neck and head |
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Term
|
Definition
may heal spontaneously
treatment speeds resolution
eliminate predisposing factors
topical antibiotic creams or shampoos
systemic antibiotics are rarely needed |
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Term
| Superficial Bacterial Folliculitis |
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Definition
very common in dogs
due to Staph pseudintermedius
produce enterotoxins, toxic shock protein, protein A, hemolysins, and slime
animal can become allergic to these secretions
not virulent, usually due to an underlying disorder |
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Term
| Superficial Bacterial Folliculitis Underlying Causes |
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Definition
hypersensitivity disorders
keratinization disorders
metabolic diseases
immune deficiency
follicular diseases
trauma, dry skin, poor grooming |
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Term
| Superficial Bacterial Folliculitis Primary Infections |
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Definition
rare in animals with otherwise normal skin
caused by Staph
cured with appropriate antibiotics alone
do not recur for at lest 3-6 months |
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Term
| Superficial Bacterial Folliculitis Secondary Infections |
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Definition
| reoccur within a few weeks to months after stopping antibiotics |
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Term
| Superficial Bacterial Folliculitis Lesions |
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Definition
pustule with hair protruding from center
follicular papules
hair areas feel bumpy
can progress to deep folliculitis, furunculosis, or cellulitis
variable pruritis
location of lesion may reflect the underlying cause
axillary and inguinal areas with hypersensitivy disorders
truncal with endocrine or metabolic disorders
epidermal collarettes (bacterial footprints)
hyperpigmentation
alopecia |
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Term
| Superficial Bacterial Folliculitis Treatment |
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Definition
systemic antibiotics for a minimum of 21 days
treat 7 days past clinical cure
avoid steroids
identify and treat underlying conditions
topical medications, antiseptic shampoos, antimicrobial creams/gel |
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Term
| Nasal Folliculitis and Furunculosis |
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Definition
acute onset
painful papules, pustules, and crusts
usually on bridge of nose
probably associated with local trauma or insect bite/sting
dolichocephalic breeds predisposed |
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Term
| Nasal Folliculitis and Furunculosis Treatment |
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Definition
correct underlying cause
systemic antibiotics
gently topical antibacterial therapy
may need to use E collar to prevent scratching at lesions |
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Term
|
Definition
not really a bacterial disease
unknown etiolgy
possible a hypersensitivity reaction
possible hereditary component
happens in young dogs, short-coated breeds |
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Term
| Juvenile Pyoderma Lesions |
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Definition
acute facial swelling, inflammation, pain
papules, pustules, purulent exudate
abscesses may open and drain |
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Term
| Juvenile Pyoderma Systemic Lesions |
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Definition
submandibular and prescapular lymph nodes enlarged
often leaves scars after healing
lethargic and febrile
low incidence of concurrent joint pain |
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Term
| Juvenile Pyoderma Treatment |
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Definition
clean lesions
astringent soaks (aluminum acetate)
oral corticosteroids
concurrent systemic antibiotics to prevent secondary infections |
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Term
|
Definition
paws are affected, often front feet worse
erythema, inflammation, swelling, nodules, ulcers, fistulae, bullae
hemorrhagic to purulent drainage
may be painful and result in lameness |
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Term
| Interdigital Pyoderma Underlying Causes |
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Definition
many idiopathic
trauma
hypersensitivty
short-coated breeds have embedded hairs
foreign bodies
parasites
immune mediated diseases
irritant |
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Term
| Interdigital Pyoderma Treatment |
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Definition
eliminate underlying disease
prevent trauma
antiseptic foot soaks
prolonged systemic antibacterial therapy
surgical debridement in severe cases
laser debridement of keratin plugged hair follicles |
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Term
|
Definition
associated with callus
alopecia, lichenification, hyperkeratosis, draining fistula |
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Term
|
Definition
housed on hard surfaces
repeated trauma at pressure points to form callus
callus is a poor barrier to infection |
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Term
| Callus Pyoderma Treatment |
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Definition
prevent trauma
systemic antibiotcs |
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Term
| German Shepherd Dog Folliculitis, Furunculosis, Cellulitis Lesions |
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Definition
pruritic and painful
lesions initially follicular papules, pustules, erosions, crusts
progress to ulcers, fistulas, alopecia, and hyperpigmentation
peripheral lymphadenopathy |
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Term
| German Shepherd Dog Folliculitis, Furunculosis, Cellulitis |
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Definition
familial in German Shepherds and mixes
middle aged dogs
underlying skin disease (flea, allergy, atopy) |
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Term
| German Shepherd Dog Folliculitis, Furunculosis, Cellulitis Treatment |
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Definition
identity and treat any underlying disease
long term systemic antibiotics
immunostimulants |
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Term
| Subcutaneous Abscesses Lesions |
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Definition
small wound that seals quickly
traps local infection under skin
abscess develops |
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Term
| Subcutaneous Abscesses Causes |
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Definition
uncommon in dogs, common in cats
bite wounds
abscessed teeth
foreign bodies
due to P. multocida, Staph pseudintermedius, beta hemolytic strep |
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Term
| Subcutaneous Abscesses Treatment |
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Definition
surgical drainage and flushing
systemic antibiotics
test for FIV/FeLV |
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Term
| Aerobic Cellulitis Lesion |
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Definition
poorly demarcated subcutaneous swelling
edema
overlying skin may be swollen, necrotic, friable, dark, or devitalized |
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Term
| Aerobic Cellulitis Causes |
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Definition
skin infection caused by bacteria
result of tissue injury
sequela to deep folliculitis and furunculosis
often involves Strep pseudintermedius |
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Term
| Aerobic Cellulitis Treatment |
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Definition
treat underlying cause
drainage, debridement, antiseptic soaks, systemic antibiotics |
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Term
| Anaerobic Cellulitis Lesion |
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Definition
more severe than aerobic cellulitis
poorly demarcated tissue edema, swelling, and necrosis
can see and feel gas production under the skin |
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Term
| Anaerobic Cellulitis Causes |
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Definition
bite wounds
traumatic puncture wounds
foreign bodies
Bacteroides, Peptostreptococcus, Fusobacterium, Prophyromaonas, Clostridium, Prevotella |
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Term
| Anaerobic Cellulitis Treatment |
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Definition
surgical drainage and debridement
antiseptic soaks
systemic antibiotics
wet dressings to improve drainage |
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Term
| Perianal Pyoderma/Fistulas |
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Definition
primarily occur in German Shepherds
fistulous tracts
painful
strain to defecate
often no direct communication between anal sac or anus |
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Term
| Perianal Pyoderma/Fistulas Causes |
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Definition
possible immune mediated that quickly becomes secondarily infected
food allergies |
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Term
| Perianal Pyoderma/Fistulas Treatment |
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Definition
systemic antibiotics
cyclosporin (give with ketoconazole to lower the dose and the cost)
topical tacrolimus
corticosteroids
debridement |
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Term
| Muzzle Folliculitis/Furunculosis Lesions |
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Definition
occurs on chin and lips of young dogs
hairless follicular papules
ulcerate, exudate, crusts, alopeci |
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Term
| Muzzle Folliculitis/Furunculosis Cause |
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Definition
unknown
bacteria are secondary
occurs primarily in short coated breeds
may be a form of acne |
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Term
| Muzzle Folliculitis/Furunculosis Treatment |
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Definition
minimize local trauma
topical benzoyl peroxide
topical astringents and antiseptics
mild topical corticosteroids |
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Term
|
Definition
occurs in skin, lungs, or systemically
cellulitis, subcutaneous nodules, abscesses, fistulous draining tracts
thick hemorrhagic malodorous exudate
mostly affects limbs and feet with lymphadenopathy
cats may have lesion on abdomen |
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Term
|
Definition
Nocardia species
need to pick up on acid fast stain or gram stain to see (difficult)
see Gram + branching filamentous aerobes
common soil saprophyte
causes infection through wound contamination, ingestion, inhalation |
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Term
|
Definition
surgical drainage
varying antimicrobial sensitivity
continue treatment for 1 month past clinical cure |
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Term
|
Definition
Mycobacterium lepraemurium
possibly transmitted by rats
there are insect vectors |
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Term
|
Definition
affects cats 1-3 years old
ulcers, abscesses, fistulas, plaques, nodules
affects head and extremities
sometimes nasal or oral mucosa affected
regional lymphadenopathy
no systemic illness
more common in winter months |
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Term
|
Definition
surgical excision
Clofazimine + rifampin or clarithromycin |
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Term
| Opportunistic Mycobacterial Granulomas Lesion |
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Definition
often in cats
chronic subcutaneous abscesses and fistulas
usually in caudal abdominal, inguinal, or lumbar regions
may be painful
solitary lesions usually are not systemically ill
immune suppressed may have widespread lesions and systemic illness |
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Term
| Opportunistic Mycobacterial Granulomas Cause |
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Definition
| cat bites or puncture wounds |
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Term
| Opportunistic Mycobacterial Granulomas Treatment |
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Definition
spontaneous remission
most need long term treatment
surgical excision |
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