Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Back
Muscles and Spinal Cord
70
Anatomy
Graduate
09/27/2014

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Functions of the vertebral column
Definition
  • protect the spinal cord and spinal nerves
  • posture and locomotion
Term
As you move down the vertebral column, the bodies get .... Why?
Definition

Larger

support weight

Term

Locate and explain Pedicles and Laminae

[image]

Definition

[image]

-Attach to vertebral body with pedicles à lamina attach here
-Lamina fuse to form the spinous process à key identifier for telling where at in vertebral column)
-Lamina is the flat regions (removed in laminectomy à relieve pressure on a nerve and allow to gain back movement and lose numbness) 
 
Term
Explain the Posterior view of the pedicles
Definition
[image]
Term
Transverse Process and spinous process
Definition

[image]

Fusion of lamina into spinous process à posteriorly
Highly noticeable, look different dependent on the region
This example is LUMBAR à sticks out laterally, looks like a hatchet

Transverse process: articulation of ribs, muscle attachments, muscle organs, help move and help rotate vertebral column
Term
Superior and Inferior Articular processes
Definition

[image]

Superior articular processes interact with the inferior articular process below it (except for C1 à interact with occipital condyls; not in sacral or coxxyl because fused)

Orientation of processes to one another  determines movement of vertebral movement
Term
Facets: general
Definition
[image]
Term
Facets in Cervical, thoracic, and Lumbar
Definition

[image]

Lumbar facet joint are medial and lateral

Facets promote or prevent movement with processes
Term
Cervical Vertebrae
Definition

[image]

Easiest to identify: only with little transverse processes, small vertebral body, transverse foramina (pathway for vertebral arteries àform posterior circulation)

C7 has the longest spinous process in the spinal region, easiest to palpate
-C7= vertebra prominens 
Contains the Uncinate processes

 

Term
Ucinate Processes
Definition
Uncinate processes: superior lateral borders; form basin/small saucer/drink coaster, hug the spinous process (around the SP), can be very cumbersome when one breaks off à allow bone spur formation to occur and have the tendency to break off
Lends to more stability due to smaller bodies, cup the superior vertebra

When move head around, break really easy
Term
Sections of the Atlas
Definition

[image]

Atlas has a large hole, no vertebral body, has superior facet joints, transverse processes, very small à no spinous process basically

Inferior: go medial to lateral (not same orientation due to orientation of cassetes)
Term
Articular processes of the Atlas
Definition

[image]

[image]

Term
Axis
Definition

[image]

[image]

C2 has a Dens process à can utilize with imaging (with whiplash)
Dens processes the body of C1 that fuses to C2 vertebrae during development

Attach to many ligaments, allow rotation of the head (axis, think rotation)
Term
Thoracic vertebrae
Definition
[image]
Interact with each of the ribs (articulation with the body)
Long slender process(lamina fuse), slant inferiorly until T11, T12 where you start getting more posterior slant
Costal facet on body itself or on transverse processes à where ribs will interact
Rib interact with superior and inferior vertebrae à interact with @ vertebrae 
Term
Lumbar Vertebrae
Definition

[image]

Thickest spinous processes you will see
Oriented directly posterior à stick out like a hachet

Large lamina with medial and facet joints to allow you to flex and extend vertebrae
Have a lot more space between adjacent vertebrae when flexed à since spinous processes are directly posterior, when flex, you can have access to vertebral column in that way
The spinal cord ends at L2/L3 à DO NOT WANT TO STICK NEEDLE DIRECTLY INTO SPINAL CORD

 

Term
Lumbar puncture
Definition

[image]

Lumbar puncture à end of meaty spinal cord
Want to do these between L3, L4 and L5 à less likely to hit another important
Anesthesia L4/L5
Spinal tap L3/L4
Depends on anatomy of the individual
Caudaequinaà horse tail branches out of the bottom of the vertebral column

Nerve growth slower than the bone, spinal cord grows slower than vertebral column à why it doesnt go all the way to the bottom
Term
Sacrum
Definition
4 pairs foramina anteriorly, posteriorly are 4 more pairs
Do not go all the way through, off set à exits of ventral and dorsal rami for caudaequina
Exit points for nerves in sacral regions

Nerves come out of these holes to go to pelvic and perineal region
Term
sacral hiatus
Definition

[image]

Vertebral column ends at sacral, sacrum canal takes over

Caudaequina continues down
Can palpate this
Where you can do a caudal epidural à small spinal process
Can puncture the sarococcygeal ligament
When palpate can feel cornua (2) and spinous process to make sure in right spot
Typically dont do spinal tap here (dont want to take spinal fluid form here)
Can do caudal epidural here
Use illiac crest to find the L4
Term
Coccyx
Definition

  • Pelivic diaphragm muscles connect to coccyx (including attachment to rectum to not fall out)
  • 4 fused vertebra
Term
Parts of the Intervertebral Disk
Definition
Anulus fibrosus: harder, thick outer covering that gives structure

Nucleus pulposus: gooey, watery type of material that is on the inside of the disk à responsible for shrinkage as you age and as you go throughout the day à causes pressure and dehydration/degeneration of the nucleus pulposus (very slight aka cm)
Term
What type of joints are btween the vertebral bodies and IVDs?
Definition
Cartilaginous Joints
Term
What joint is between the uncinate process and the body of the adjacent vertebrae?
Definition
unconvertebral joints (of Luschka)
Term
Facet Joints
Definition

[image]

  • synovial joints
  • orientation of facets determines range of motion
Term
Cervical facets
Definition
[image]
Term
cervical movements
Definition
[image]
Term
thoracic facets
Definition
[image]
Term
Thoracic Movement
Definition
Rotate upper body due to anterior and posterior, slide around each other
-Restriction of lateral flexion à always in the thoracic (due to ribs)
Term
Lumbar facets
Definition
[image]
Term
Lumbar movement
Definition
Medially and laterally allow sliding back and forth between each other, allow to flex and extend

Lateral flexion if the whole joint moves itself, not too much though
Term
Atlanto-occipital Joints
Definition

[image]

Atlanto-occipital joints between C1and occipital condyles

Due to articular processes
Term
Atlanto-axial Joints
Definition

[image]

Facets are oriented a little lateral to allow some rotation à glide along one another due to facets on C1/C2
Term
External Occipital Protuberance
Definition
[image]
Term
Mastoid Process
Definition

[image]

Muscle attachment in this region

Term
Back Surface Anatomy
Definition

[image]

Medial border of scapula, superior angle and inferior angle (is located at the T7 angle)
Top of iliac crest is at L4

Do a lumbar puncture a little below that
Term
Nerves of the skin and fascia of back
Definition

[image]

Skin and fascia of the back are innervated by dorsal rami

Intrinsic (support spine) muscle of back are also innervated by dorsal rami
Term
Back skin and fascia blood supply
Definition
  • Segmental vessels (branches of intercostal and lumbar vessels) 
Term
Nuchael Ligament
Definition

[image]

Transverse all the spinous processes, thickest in the cervical region à allows for more support, helps hold head up

(Usually one thing merges into another and the name will change as this occurs)
Term
Thoracolumbar fascia
Definition

[image]

Where the latissimusdorsi originates at

Protect and cover intrinsic muscles of the back (very superficial without much fat so need protection)
Term

Muscles of the back:

extrinsic v intrinsic 

Definition

[image]

Extrinsic muscles: act for respiratory or upper extremities (trapezius, deltoid, etc. à more superficial)
Intrinsic muscles: a little deeper; support vertebral column itself
 
Term
Extrinsice Muscles of the Back
Definition

[image]

Extrinsic muscles are in the back of the body but are innervated by ventral rami

Trapezius by accessory nerve

 

Term
Trapezius
Definition

[image]

extrinsic

Term
Latissimus dorsi
Definition

[image]

extrinsic 

Term
Levator Scapulae
Definition

[image]

  • Help elevate and shrug shoulders
  • extrinsic
Term
Rhomboid minor and major
Definition

[image]

  • Contract and have retraction of scapula ("bow up")
  • extrinsic 
Term
Triangle of Auscultation
Definition

[image]

Good area to listen in à no muscle coverage between medial border trapezius and lateral border medial inferior border of the scapula (around T7) and inferior border is superior aspect of latdorsi
Ask to flex a little bit, makes opening larger à gives access to thoracic cavity

Also an area of weakens
Term

Serratus posterior superior

and

Serratus posterior inferior 

Definition

[image]

SPS: respiration; deep to trapezius
SPI: respiration; deep to latdorsi

Attached to vertebral column and ribs (usually any that are both have to do with respiration)
-Extrinsic muscle
Term
Intrinsic Muscles of the back
Definition
Innervated by dorsal rami

Longitudinal columns : support vertebral column, allow movement
-Extension of vertebral column
-allow lateral flexion and rotation 
-source of most back pain 
Term
Thoracolumbar fascia
Definition

[image]

Protect long column of muscles 
Term
Intrinsic Muscles of the back Listed
Definition
[image]
Term
Intrinsic Superficial Layer
Definition

[image]

Splenius Capitis insert in skull (temporal and occipital bone) and mastoid process; origin Is nuchal ligament and spinous process (C7-T3)

Splenius cervicis: transverse processes C1-C3, origin spinous processes T3-T6
Term

Splenius capitis 

and splenius cervicis

allow what movement?

Definition

Extend Neck

Lateral flexion

and 

Rotation (ipsilateral)

Term
Intermediate Layer of the Intrinsic Muscles of the Back
Definition
[image]
Term

Parts of the Erector spinae

Definition

[image]

  • Origin: iliac crest, sacrum, lumbar and sacral spinous processes 
  • All have common origin but will change as go up
Term
Iliocostalis
Definition

[image]

Regions: lumborum, thoracis, cervicis portions

Insertion: ribs, transverse processes

Term
Longissimus
Definition

[image]

Regions: thoracis, cervicis, capitis portions

Insertion: transverse processes, mastoid process

Term
Spinalis
Definition

[image]

Regions: thoracis, cervicis, capitis portions

Insertion: spinous processes

Term
Movement of the Erector spinae
Definition
  • Extend vertebral column
  • lateral flexion and rotation (ipsilateral)
Term
Deep Layer of Intrinsic Muscles
Definition

[image]

Deepest layer: between transverse process and spinous process

3 different layers à each most prominent in one region of the spinal cord itself
Term
Layers of the transversospinalis
Definition
[image]
Term
Semispinalis
Definition
  • cervical region
  • [image]
Term
Multifidus
Definition
  • Lumbar region
  • [image]
Term
Rotatores
Definition
  • thoracic region
  • [image]
  • In canal between the transverse process and spinal processes 
Term
Movement of the transversospinalis
Definition
  • extend vertebral column
  • stabilize vertebrae
  • contract
Term
Contraction in the transversospinalis
Definition

[image]

Produce movement in opposite direction

If left side contract à movement toward right
Term
Suboccipital Region
Definition

[image]

  • Superficial to atlas (C1) and axis (C2) deep to semispinalis
  • Right beneath the occipital bone
  • In white circle

Term

Movement of the Muscles of the Suboccipital Region

Definition

[image]

IO: rotate head to ipsilateral side by acting on the atlanto-axial joint
Side it contracts on is the direction your head goes
Right inferior oblique à go right

Left inferior oblique à go left
Term
Muscles of the Suboccipital Region
Definition

[image]

Major typically bigger, minor typically smaller

(if something happens at a joint, should know muscle causing that to happen)
Term
Suboccipital Triangle
Definition

[image]

Bound by IO, SO, and RCPM
If severed the C1 dorsal ramus à couldn’t extend neck or do much rotation (bilateral severe) and slant to one side if unilateral
VA branch form subclavian arteries
Term
Arteries from the Back to Brain
Definition

[image]

  • The vertebral artery comes together to form  the basilar artery à which splits to form the circle of Willis 
Term
Greater Occipital Nerve
Definition

[image]

Not in triangle, emerges inferior to it

Gives sensory info to the posterior portion of the head
Supporting users have an ad free experience!