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DMS HAE Quiz 1
65
Anatomy
Graduate
08/23/2011

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Regional types of vertebrae
Definition
cervical (7), thoracic (12), lumbar (5), sacral (5), coccygeal (3-4)
Term
Vertebra is comprised of 2 basic parts:
Definition
vertebral body and vertebral arch
Term
C1 & C2: name & basic function
Definition
atlas & axis have unique features designed to support the skull and facilitate its movement
Term
Cervical vertebrae features:
Definition
  • bifid spinous process
  • transverse foramen in each of the transverse processes
  • two ucinate processes 
Term
ucinate processes
Definition
bony margins that project from the lateral edges of the superior surface of the cervical vertebral body 
Term
Palpable C7 is called...
Definition
vertebra prominens
Term
Thoracic vertebrae features:
Definition
  • costal facets for articulation with ribs
  • long sloping spinous processes
Term
Lumbar vertebrae features:
Definition
  • large, sturdy vertebral bodies (support more weight than cervical or thoracic)
  • short, blunt spinous processes
Term
Sacrum's version of intervertebral foramen:
Definition
Anterior and posterior sacral foramina
Term
vertebral column composition
Definition
vertebrae, sacrum and coccyx with successive vertebral foramina forming the vertebral canal, extending down into the sacral canal and ending at the sacral hiatus.
Term
intervertebral foramina location and formation
Definition

located lateral to vertebrae and formed when a superior vertebral notch on one vertebrae meets an inferior vertebral notch on an adjacent vertebrae. 

*Not a hole therefore can shift and pinch nerves

Term
Symphysis
Definition
Joint between two vertebral bodies or more generally, two bones connected by cartilage
Term
intervertebral disc
Definition

cartilage that connects bones which consists of an outer layer of fibrocartilage (anulus fibrosus) and a gelatinous core (nucleus pulposus).

fxn: shock absorbers that allow for movement of the vertebral column

Term
Facet joint
Definition

aka zygapophyseal joint

Occurs between superior articular process of one vertebra and the inferior articular process of another vertebra

Orientation is different in each region to facilitate different types of movement

Term
"Uncovertebral joints"
Definition
In the cervical region, it was thought the ucinate processes of particular vertebra may be prominent enough to articulate with the vertebral body above. However, synovial joint doesn't exist there rather degenerative changes due to aging cause narrowing of joint space and reactive osteogenesis (formation of bone spurs due to friction) which can be a source of neck pain
Term
Movements of the vertebral column:
Definition
  • flexion
  • extension
  • lateral flexion (aka lateral bending)
  • rotation
Term
anterior longitudinal ligament
Definition
a continuous band found on the anterior aspect of the vertebral bodies; important for preventing hyperextension (over extension) of the vertebral column
Term
posterior longitudinal ligament
Definition

a continuous band found on the posterior aspect of the vertebral bodies (anterior to the vertebral canal); limits flexion of the vertebral column

Term
supraspinous ligament
Definition
runs along the tips of spinous processes from C7-sacrum; limits flexion of the vertebral column
Term
ligamentum nuchae
Definition
takes the place of the supraspinous ligament in the cervical region (it is continuous with the supraspinous ligament at C7); attaches superiorly to the external occipital protuberance; helps support the weight of the head
Term
interspinous ligament
Definition
fills the spaces between adjacent spinous processes 
Term
ligamentum flavum
Definition
named for its yellow color due to a high concentration of elastic fibers; connects adjacent laminae and forms part of the posterior wall of the vertebral canal (fills in the gaps especially in the lumbar region)
Term
Curvature development
Definition
The primary curvature of the embryo (concave anteriorly) remains in the thoracic and sacral regions.  Secondary curvatures (convex anteriorly) begin to form before birth in the cervical and lumbar regions, however they don’t fully develop until the baby holds it head up and learns to stand.  
Term
"hunchback"
Definition

kyphosis (hunchback) – exaggerated thoracic curvature (e.g. due to osteoporosis of anterior 

parts of vertebral bodies or compression fractures) 

 
Term
"swayback"
Definition

lordosis (swayback) – exaggerated lumbar curvature due to anterior rotation of the pelvis; 

is associated with obesity and can occur temporarily in pregnancy  

 
Term
Scoliosis
Definition

 lateral curvature (i.e. in the coronal plane) usually due to an imbalance of forces

on the spine (e.g. asymmetry in muscle strength or development of vertebrae)

Term
superficial layer
Definition

contains muscles that move the upper extremity (extrinsic)

  • trapezius
  • latissimus dorsi
  • levator scapulae
  • rhomboid major and minor
Term
intermediate layer
Definition
Contains muscles of respiration (extrinsic). This layer is comprised of two thin muscles, serratus posterior superior and serratus posterior inferior.  They are thought to be accessory respiratory muscles and are not considered clinically relevant.
Term
deep layer
Definition

contains the true back muscles that stabilize or move the axial skeleton:

Splenius capitis and cervicis

Erector spinae

Semispinalis capitis

 

 

Term

Extrinsic back muscles innervation

Definition

Extrinsic back muscles are innervated by ventral rami of spinal nerves (trapezius is an exception to this general rule --> it is innervated by accessory nerve (11th cranial nerve))

Term
Intrinsic back muscles innervation   
Definition
Intrinsic back muscles are innervated by dorsal rami of spinal nerves.     
Term
posterior intercostal arteries
Definition

Branches from the aorta associated with the thoracic vertebrae

Term
thoracolumbar fascia
Definition
Separates intrinsic muscles from extrinsic muscles
Term
lumbar arteries
Definition
Branches from the aorta associated with the lumber vertebrae
Term
Trapezius Origin
Definition

External occipital protuberance, superior nuchal line, ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes of C7 and thoracic vertebrae

Term
Trapezius Insertion
Definition
Lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion, spine of  scapula
Term
Trapezius Innervation
Definition
Accessory nerve
Term
Trapezius action
Definition
Superior fibers elevate and laterally rotate scapula; middle fibers retract scapula; inferior fibers depress and laterally rotate scapula
Term
Latissimus dorsi origin
Definition
Spinous processes of lower thoracic and lumbar vertebrae, iliac crest, sacrum
Term
Latissimus dorsi insertion
Definition
Intertubercular groove of humerus
Term
Latissimus dorsi innervation
Definition
Thoracodorsal nerve
Term
Latissimus dorsi action
Definition
Extends, adducts and medially rotates humerus
Term
Levator scapulae origin
Definition
Transverse processes of upper cervical vertebrae
Term
Levator scapulae insertion
Definition
Superior angle of scapula
Term
Levator scapulae innervation
Definition
Dorsal scapular nerve
Term
Levator scapulae action
Definition
Elevates scapula
Term
Rhomboid major and minor origin
Definition
Spinous processes of lower cervical and upper thoracic vertebrae
Term
Rhomboid major and minor insertion
Definition

Medial border of scapula

 

(rhomboid minor superior to the spine; rhomboid major inferior to the spine)

 
Term
Rhomboid major and minor innervation
Definition
Dorsal scapular nerve
Term
Rhomboid major and minor action
Definition
Retracts and medially rotates scapula
Term
Splenius capitis and cervicis origin
Definition
Ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes of C7 and upper thoracic vertebrae
Term

Splenius capitis and cervicis insertion

Definition

Capitis: mastoid process and superior nuchal line

 

Cervicis: transverse processes of upper cervical vertebrae

 
Term

Splenius capitis and cervicis innervation

Definition
Dorsal rami of spinal nerves
Term

Splenius capitis and cervicis action

Definition
Acting bilaterally, they extend the head and neck; acting unilaterally, they rotate the head to one side
Term
Erector spinae origin
Definition
Sacrum, iliac crest, ribs, spinous and transverse processes of vertebrae
Term
Erector spinae insertion
Definition
Spinous and transverse processes of vertebrae, ribs, skull
Term
Erector spinae innervation
Definition
Dorsal rami of spinal nerves
Term
Erector spinae action
Definition
Acting bilaterally, they extend the head and trunk; acting unilaterally, they bend the trunk laterally; they are also important for “controlling” flexion
Term
Semispinalis capitis origin
Definition
Transverse processes of lower cervical and upper thoracic vertebrae
Term
Semispinalis capitis insertion
Definition
Occipital bone near nuchal lines
Term
Semispinalis capitis innervation
Definition
Dorsal rami of spinal nerves
Term
Semispinalis capitis action
Definition
Acting bilaterally, they extend the head; acting unilaterally, they rotate the head to one side
Term
splenius group 
Definition
(splenius capitis and splenius cervicis) – muscles that extend and rotate the head, and provide support for the small deep muscles of the neck
Term
erector spinae group
Definition

(iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis) – primary muscles that extend the vertebral column; also important for controlling flexion against gravity

*I Love Spaghetti 

Term
transversospinal group 
Definition
(semispinalis, multifidus, rotatores) – primarily small postural muscles that stabilize the vertebral column and provide proprioceptive feedback. We will only dissect one muscle from this group in lab, semispinalis capitis.
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