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Back
Musculature of the back
62
Anatomy
Graduate
08/11/2011

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Term
Trapezius motor innervation
Definition
CN XI, spinal accessory nerve
Term
Trapezius sensory innervation
Definition
C3, C4
Term
Trapezius attachment points (5)
Definition
Superior nuchal line
Ligamentum nuchae
C7-T12 spinous processes
Spine of the scapulae
Lateral 1/3 of the clavicle
Term
Trapezius actions (3)
Definition
elevate, depress, and retract the scapula
Term
Latissimus dorsi innervation
Definition
The thoracodorsal nerve (of the brachial plexus)
(C6, C7, and C8)
Term
Latissimus dorsi attachments (4)
Definition
Spinous processes of the T6-12
Thoracolumbar fasica
Iliac crest
Floor of the intertubercle groove of the humerus
Term
Latissimus dorsi actions (3)
Definition
Extend/adduct scapula
Medially rotate humerus
Term
Levator scapulae innervation
Definition
Dorsal scapular nerve (of the brachial plexus). (C5)
Term
Levator scapulae attachments (2)
Definition
Transverse processes of C1-C4
Superior medial border of the scapula
Term
Levator scapulae action
Definition
Elevates scapula
Term
Rhomboid major/minor innervation
Definition
Dorsal scapular nerve (of the brachial plexus). (C5)
Term
Rhomboid major/minor attachments (2)
Definition
Spinous processes of C7-T5
Medial border of the scapula
Term
Serratus posterior superior innervation
Definition
Segmental ventral rami
(intercostal nerve)
Term
Serratus posterior superior attachments (2)
Definition
Spinous processes of C7-T3
Superior border of ribs 2-4
Term
Serratus posterior superior actions
Definition
elevate ribs (inspiration)
Term
Serratus posterior inferior innervation
Definition
Segmental ventral rami
(intercostal nerves)
Term
Serratus posterior inferior attachments (2)
Definition
Spinous processes of T11-L2
Inferior border of ribs 8-12
Term
Serratus posterior inferior actions
Definition
Depress ribs (exhalation)
Term
Splenius capitis/cervicis innervation
Definition
Segmental dorsal rami
Term
Splenius capitis/cervicis attachments (5)
Definition
Spinous processes of C7-T4 + Nuchal ligament
Mastoid process + lateral 1/3 nuchal line (capitis)
Transverse process of C1-C4 (cervicis)
Term
Splenius capitis/cervicis actions (3)
Definition
Laterally flex neck
Rotate head
Extend head/neck
Term
Semispinalis capitis innervation
Definition
Segmental dorsal rami
Term
Semispinalis capitis attachments (3)
Definition
Transverse process of C4-T4
Occipital bone
Superior nuchal line
Term
Semispinalis capitis action (2)
Definition
Extends head
Contralaterally rotates head
Term
Suboccipital triangle muscles: innervation (motor and sensory)
Definition
Motor: Dorsal rami of C1 (suboccipital nerve)
Sensory: dorsal rami of C2 (greater occipital nerve)
Term
Obliques capitis superior attachments (2)
Definition
Lateral inferior nuchal line
Transverse process of C1
Term
Suboccipital triangle muscles: actions
Definition
Smooth control of head/neck rotation
Term
Rectus capitis posterior major attachments (2)
Definition
Mid inferior nuchal line
Spinous process of C2
Term
Obliques capitis inferior attachments (2)
Definition
Spinous process of C2
Transverse process of C1
Term
Rectus capitis posterior minor attachments (2)
Definition
Medial inferior nuchal line
Posterior tubercle of C1
Term
Erector spinae innervation
Definition
Segmental dorsal rami
Term
Erector spinae muscles actions (3)
Definition
Extend back, neck, head
Laterally flex spine
Eccentrically flex to bend over
Concentrically contract to move upright
Term
Iliocostalis attachments (2)
Definition
Iliac crest/sacrum
Inferior angle of ribs
Term
Longissimus attachments (3)
Definition
Iliac crest, sacrum, spinous processes
Ribs, transverse processes, mastoid process
Term
Spinalis attachments
Definition
Spinous processes
Term
Transversospinalis muscles innervation
Definition
Segmental dorsal rami
Term
Transversospinalis muscles actions (3)
Definition
Stabilize, extend and rotate spine
Term
Semispinalis attachments
Definition
Transverse 4-6 vertebral segments at the spinous processes
Term
Multifidus attachments
Definition
Transverse 2-4 vertebral segments at the spinous processes
Term
Rotatores attachments
Definition
Transverse 1 (brevis) or 2 (longus) vertebral segments at the spinous processes
Term
Levator costarum attachments (2)
Definition
C7-C11 transverse processes to rib 1-12 between the tubercle and angle of the rib
Term
Spinal nerve
Definition
Junction of dorsal and ventral roots from the spinal cord prior to separation into dorsal and ventral rami
Term
Dorsal root ganglion
Definition
Nodule on a dorsal root that contains cell bodies of neurons in afferent spinal nerves
Term
Cauda Equina
Definition
Nerve roots and fibers in the lumbar region from the spinal cord above.
(Site of lumbar puncture)
Term
Conus Medularis
Definition
Terminal end of the spinal cord. Usually around L1 or L2.
Term
Filum Terminale
Definition
Strand of fibrous tissue that connects the end of the conus medularis to the sacrum.
Only site of direct access to pia mater.
Term
Spinal accessory nerve
Definition
CN XI, provides motor innervation for the trapezius and sterocleidomastoid muscles.
Look for it on the back of the trapezius muscle.
Term
Suboccipital nerve
Definition
C1 - motor only nerve, motor control of suboccipital triangle muscles
Term
Greater occipital nerve
Definition
C2 - sensory only
Provides sensory efferents for the suboccipital triangle muscles.
Term
Least occipital nerve
Definition
Mixed sensory and motor nerve from the dorsal rami of C3
Term
Occipital artery
Definition
(lateral to obliques capitis superior, deep to the splenius capitis)
Supplies muscles of the deep neck under the sternocleidomastoid muscle.
Term
Vertebral artery
Definition
(deep to and between the rectus capitis posterior major and obliques capitis superior)
Supplies blood to posterior part of circle of Willis.
(Travels through transverse processes of the cervical vertebrae)
Term
Superficial transverse cervical artery
Definition
(deep to the trapezius muscle) supplies the trapezius and nearby structures
Term
Deep transverse cervical artery
Definition
"Dorsalscapular" artery
(travels along the medial border of the scapula)
Supplies rhomboids and levator scapulae.
Term
Thoracolumbar facia
Definition
Superficial fascia over the spinous processes of the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae
Term
Ligamentum nuchae
Definition
Superficial fascia over the spinous processes of the cervical vertebrae. Bounded by inferior nuchal line (superiorly) and thoracolumbar fascia (inferiorly).
Term
Supraspinous ligament
Definition
Connects together the apices of the spinous processes from the seventh cervical vertebra to the sacrum
Term
Interspinous ligament
Definition
Connect adjoining spinous processes and extend from the root to the apex of each process
Term
Anterior longitudinal ligament
Definition
Deep ligament that runs down the anterior surface of the spine. Pyramid shaped, wider in the sacral regions than cervical regions.
Term
Posterior longitudinal ligament
Definition
Ligament that rests in the canal of the spinal cord and runs on the posterior side of the BODIES of the vertebrae. Pyramid shaped so that it is wider in the cervical region than sacral.

(Weaker in the lower back than anterior longitudinal ligament, cause of disc herniation onto spinal nerve)
Term
Denticulate ligament
Definition
Ligament pairs from 21 vertebral levels that connect the pia mater to the arachnoid and dura mater. Act to stabilize the spinal cord in the spinal column.
Term
Ligamentum Flavum
Definition
Ligaments which connect the laminae of adjacent vertebrae
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