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Back - UNC MS1 Anatomy
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34
Anatomy
Graduate
10/23/2011

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Term
dorsal root function and position?
Definition
sensory (afferent) nerve toward spinal cord
posterior position
Term
ventral root function and position?
Definition
motor (efferent) nerve away from spinal cord
anterior position
innervates lateral and anterior body
Term
dorsal ramus innervates?
Definition
innervates intrinsic back muscles
Term
ventral ramus innervates?

(4 things)
Definition
upper and lower extremities
anterior and lateral body wall (torso)
Term
kyphosis
Definition
accentuated thoracic curvature often a result of osteoporosis
Term
Lordosis
Definition
accentuated lumbar curvature often due to weight gain and/or weakened trunk musculature
Term
Scoliosis
Definition
abnormal lateral curvature and rotation of the vertebrae- can result from limb length inequalities, asymmetric intrinsic back muscle weakness, and malformation of vertebrae
Term
Intervertebral foramen
Definition
allow passage and protection for the spinal nerve and accompanying vessels
Term
Zygapophysial Joints
AKA?
Definition
plane-type synovial joints between the superior and inferior articular processes of adjacent vertebrae
AKA facet joints
Term
flexion and extension occur primarily in what back regions?
Definition
cervical and lumbar
Term
lateral bending occurs mainly in what back regions?
Definition
cervical (more here) and lumbar
Term
rotation or torsion occurs primarily in what back regions?
Definition
cervical and thoracic
Term
anterior longitudinal ligament, position and function?
Definition
anterior to spinal bodies
unites bodies and prevents hyperextension
Term
supraspinous ligament?
Definition
connects the spinous processes from the sacrum to C7
Term
Ligamentum nuchae?
Definition
broad strong ligament of the neck that provides attachment for cervical muscles
Term
ligamentum flavum, position and function?
Definition
yellow, elastic fibers adjoin adjacent lamina of vertebrae- help prevent hyperflexion of vertebral column
Term
superficial, extrinsic back muscles? (4)
Definition
Trapezius
Latissimus dorsi
Levator scapulae
Rhomboids
Term
intermediate muscles?
aid in?
Definition
Serratus posterior superior
Serratus posterior inferior
aid in respiration
Term
latissimus dorsi, action and innervation?
Definition
extends, adducts, and medially rotates humerus
innervated by thoracodorsal nerve (ventral rami of C6,7,8)
Term
thoracolumbar fascia
position?
what type of muscle/fascia/tendon/ligament is it?
overlays what?
Definition
shiny white fibers in lower back
aponeurosis
overlays intrinsic back muscles, i.e. ILS
Term
trapezius muscle?
Definition
elevates, rotates medially and retracts the scapula (“shrugs shoulders”)

motor innervation via spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)
sensory innervation via cervical nerves C3-C4
Term
Splenius capitis and cervicis
Definition
extends neck or rotates to one side
innervated by dorsal rami
Term
erector spinae complex contains?
innervated by?
action?
Definition
iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis
innervated by dorsal rami
spine extension/flexion and lateral flexion,
Term
transversospinalis position?
innervated by?
three muscle segments (from superficial to intermediate to deepest)?
Definition
from transverse process to spinous process of more superior vertebrae
innervated by dorsal rami
semispinalis, multifidus, and rotatores
Term
mamillary process?
Definition
tubercle on the superior articular processes of lumbar vertebrae
Term
nucleus pulosus
Definition
central mucoid substance of intervertebral disk
Term
annulus fibrosis
Definition
surrounding fibrocartilaginous lamina of intervertebral disk
Term
internal vertebral venous plexus
Definition
in epidural space between wall of vertebral canal and dura mater
route of early metastasis
Term
external vertebral venous plexus
Definition
consists of anterior portion in front of vertebral column and posterior portion which lies on the vertebral arch
Term
vertebral vein
Definition
Term
dorsal scapular nerve innervates?
(3)
AKA?
Definition
levator scapulae (also some C4) and rhomboid major/minor
AKA C5
Term
serratus posterior superior/inferior
function?
innervation?
Definition
elevate/depress ribs
intercostal nerves (T1-4 vs. T9-12)
Term
triangle of auscultation?
Definition
bounded by upper border of lat, lateral border of trap, and medial border of scapula
Term
posterior longitudinal ligament (position and function)
Definition
prevent herniation of the IV disc (slippage), blends with annulus fibrosis
posterior to vertebral body in the canal
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