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Back Muscles
Muscles of the Shoulder, Rotator Cuff, Superficial Back, Intermediate Back, Deep Back, and Suboccipital Region
28
Anatomy
Graduate
06/03/2021

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Cards

Term

Deltoid

 

Definition
  • Origin: lateral clavicle, acromion, spine scapula
  • Insertion: deltoid tuberosity and lateral humeral shaft
  • Action: aBducts arm w/ superspinatus, flex and medially rotate arm, extend and laterally rotate arm
  • Nerve: axillary (C5, C6)
  • Blood: post. circumflex humeral a. (3rd part of axillary a.)
Term
Subscapularis
Definition
  • Origin: subscapular fossa
  • Insertion: lesser tubercle of humerus and adjacent shoulder joint capsule
  • Action: medial rotation arm, helps stabilize  shoulder joint
  • Nerve: upper & lower subscapular n. (C5, C6 - posterior cord of brachial plexus)
  • Blood: subscapular a. off of axillary a. (largest branch of axillary a. - 3rd part)
Term
Supraspinatus
Definition
  • Origin: supraspinatus fossa
  • Insertion: greater tubercle, adjacent shoulder joint capsule
  • Action: aBducts arm for first 15 degrees, assists deltoid, stabilizes shoulder joint
  • Nerve: suprascapular (C5-6 - superior trunk of brachial plexus)
  • Blood: suprascapular a. (of thyrocervical trunk)
Term
Infraspinatus
Definition
  • Origin: infraspinatus fossa
  • Insertion: greater tubercle, adjacent shoulder joint capsule
  • Action: laterally rotates arm, stabilizes shoulder joint
  • Nerve: suprascapular (C5-6 - superior trunk of brachial plexus)
  • Blood: suprascapular a. (of thyrocervical trunk)
Term
Teres minor
Definition
  • Origin: superior portion of lateral scapula
  • Insertion: greater tubercle, adjacent shoulder joint capsule
  • Action: laterally rotates arm, stabilizes shoulder joint
  • Nerve: axillary n. (C5-6)
  • Blood: circumflex  scapular a. (branch of subscapular a.)
Term
Latissimus dorsi
Definition
  • Origin: iliac crest, lumbar fascia, spines of lower 4-8 thoracic vertebrae (number varies), inferior scapula angle, & 3-4 lower ribs
  • Insertion: medial region to bicipital groove of humerus
  • Action: extends, adducts, and medially (internally) rotates arm
  • Nerve: thoracodorsal n. (C6, C7, C8 - posterior cord of brachial plexus))
  • Blood: thoracodorsal a. (continuation of subscapular a.)
Term
Trapezius
Definition
  • Origin: superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, ligamentum nuchae, spines of C7 and thoracic vertebrae
  • Insertion: lateral clavicle, acromion process, scapular spine
  • Action: raises, retracts, rotates scapula
  • Nerve: spinal accessory (CN-XI)
  • Blood: transverse cervical a. (branch of thyrocervical trunk - first portion of the subclavian a.)
Term
Teres major
Definition
  • Origin: lower segment of lateral border of scapula
  • Insertion: medial region to bicipital groove of humerus
  • Action: adducts and medially (internally) rotates arm
  • Nerve: lower subscapular (C5, C6 - posterior cord of brachial plexus)
  • Blood: circumflex scapular a. (of subscapular artery)
Term
Rhomboid major
Definition
  • Origin: spines of T2-5
  • Insertion: medial border of scapula at infraspinatous fossa
  • Action: pulls scapula medially, raises medial border of scapula
  • Nerve: dorsal scapular n. (C5-C5 root)
  • Blood: dorsal scapular artery - branch of subclavian a.
Term
Rhomboid minor
Definition
  • Origin: spines of C7 and T1
  • Insertion: medial border of scapula at spine
  • Action: pulls scapula medially, raises medial border of scapula
  • Nerve: dorsal scapular n. (C5-C5 root)
  • Blood: dorsal scapular artery - branch of subclavian a.
Term
Levator scapulae
Definition
  • Origin: transverse process of C1-4
  • Insertion: superomedial border of scapula
  • Action: raises scapula at medial border
  • Nerve: dorsal scapular n. (C5-C5 root)
  • Blood: dorsal scapular artery - branch of subclavian a.
Term
Serratus anterior
Definition
  • Origin: ribs 1-8
  • Insertion: inferior angle and medial border of scapula
  • Action: rotates scapula and pulls scapula around thoracic cage
    In arm abduction, scapula is moved & stabilized so humerus head rotates at glenoid fossa.
  • Nerve: long thoracic (C5-C7 - C5-7 roots)
  • Blood: lateral thoracic a. (of axillary artery - 2nd part)
Term
Splenius
Definition
  • Origin:
    • capitus: spines of C7-T4
    • cervicis: spines T3-6
  • Insertion:
    • capitus: superior nuchal line and mastoid process of temporal bone
    • cervicis: transverse process C1-3
  • Action: extends and hyperextends head
  • Nerve: dorsal rami of C4-8
  • Blood: multiple aa.
Term
Iliocostalis (erector spinae m.)
Definition
  • Origin
    • cervicis: 3-6 ribs
    • thoracis: 7-12 ribs
    • lumborum: sacrum & medial illiac crest
  • Insertion:
    • cervicis: transverse process of C4-6
    • thoracis: 1-6 ribs
    • lumborum: 7-12 ribs
  • Action: extends and laterally flexes vertebral column
  • Nerve: dorsal primary rami of cervical, thoracic, lumbar nerves
  • Blood: posterior intercostal aa.
Term
Longissimus (erector spinae m.)
Definition
  • Origin:
    • capitis: transverse process of T1-5
    • cervicis: thoracic vertebra
    • thoracis: lumbar vertebra
  • Insertion:
    • capitis: mastoid process
    • cervicis: transverse proc C2-6
    • thoracis: thoracic vert & 3-12 ribs
  • Action:
    • capitis: extends and rotates head
    • cervicis & thoracis: extend & laterally flex vertebra
  • Nerve: dorsal primary rami of cervical, thoracic, lumbar nerves
  • Blood: posterior intercostal aa.
Term
Spinalis (erector spinae m.)
Definition
  • Origin:
    • capitis: ligamentum nuchae
    • cervicis: spinous process of thoracic vertebrae
    • thoracis: spinous process of lumbar vertebrae
  • Insertion:
    • capitis: occiput
    • cervicis: spine of C2
    • thoracis: spines of T4-T8
  • Action: extends vertebral column
  • Nerve: dorsal primary rami of cervical, thoracic, lumbar nerves
  • Blood: posterior intercostal aa.
Term
Semispinalis (transversospinalis m.)
Definition
  • Origin:
    • capitis: C4-C7
    • cervicis: T1-6
    • thoracis: T7-T12
  • Insertion:
    • capitis: occiput
    • cervicis: spines of C2-5
    • thoracis: spines of C6-T4
  • Action: extends vertebral column
  • Nerve: dorsal primary rami of cervical, thoracic, lumbar nerves
  • Blood: posterior intercostal aa.
Term
Multifidus (transversospinalis m.)
Definition
  • Origin: C4-L, posterior superior iliac spine, sacrum (can cross 3-5 vertebra)
  • Insertion: spines of superior vertebra
  • Action: extends and rotates vertebral column
  • Nerve: dorsal primary rami of cervical, thoracic, lumbar nerves
  • Blood: posterior intercostal aa.
Term
Rotatores (transversospinalis m.)
Definition
  • Origin: transverse processes of vertebrae
  • Insertion: spines of superior vertebrae
  • Action: extends and rotates vertebral column
  • Nerve: dorsal primary rami of cervical, thoracic, lumbar nerves
  • Blood: posterior intercostal aa.
Term
Interspinales
Definition
  • Origin: spinous process of C3-7, T2-12, L2-5
  • Insertion: spines of superior vertebra
  • Action: extends vertebral column
  • Nerve: dorsal primary rami of cervical, thoracic, lumbar nerves
  • Blood: posterior intercostal aa.
Term
Intertransversarii
Definition
  • Origin: transverse process of C2-L5 (lumbar to axis)
  • Insertion: transverse process of superior vertebra
  • Action: lateral flexion of vertebral column
  • Nerve: ventral (for medial m.) and dorsal rami of spinal nerves
  • Blood: posterior intercostal aa.
Term
Serratus posterior superior
Definition
  • Origin: spines of C7-T3
  • Insertion: superior border of ribs 2-5
  • Action: raises ribs during inspiration
  • Nerve: 2nd-5th intercostal nn.
  • Blood: transverse cervical a. (branch of thyrocervical trunk)
Term
Serratus posterior inferior
Definition
  • Origin: spines of T11-L2
  • Insertion: superior borders of ribs 8-12
  • Action: depresses (lowers) ribs
  • Nerve: anterior rami of spinal nerves T9-12
  • Blood: thoracodorsal a. (continuation of subscapular a.)
Term
Levator costarum
Definition
  • Origin: transverse process of C7-T11
  • Insertion: lower rib at costal angle
  • Action: raises rib and laterally flexes and rotates vertebral column
  • Nerve: intercostal nn.
  • Blood: posterior intercostal aa.
Term
Rectus capitis posterior major
Definition
  • Origin: spinous process of axis (C2)
  • Insertion: inferior nuchal line
  • Action: extends and rotates head
  • Nerve: suboccipital n. (dorsal ramus of C1)
  • Blood: occipital a.
Term
Rectus capitis posterior minor
Definition
  • Origin: posterior tubercle of atlas (C1)
  • Insertion: inferior nuchal line
  • Action: extends head
  • Nerve: suboccipital n. (dorsal ramus of C1)
  • Blood: occipital a.
Term
Obliquus capitis superior
Definition
  • Origin: posterior tubercle of atlas (C1)
  • Insertion: inferior nuchal line
  • Action: bends head backward (extends head) and laterally
  • Nerve: suboccipital n. (dorsal ramus of C1)
  • Blood: occipital a.
Term
Obliquus capitis inferior
Definition
  • Origin: spinous process of axis (C2)
  • Insertion: transverse process of atlas
  • Action: rotates head
  • Nerve: suboccipital n (dorsal ramus of C1)
  • Blood: occipital a.
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