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Axial Skeleton
Vertebral Column: Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacrum, Coccyx, disks, ligaments and curves
52
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
10/01/2016

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Cards

Term
How many vertebrae are there in the spine?
Definition
30-35 (depending on number in coccyx)
Term
what are the 8 typical landmarks of a vertebrae?
Definition
Body, transverse process, spinous process, pedicle, lamina, vertebral foramen, superior/anterior articulating surfaces and intervertebral foramen
Term
What is the purpose of the pedicle?
Definition
To join together the body and transverse process
Term
What is the purpose of the lamina?
Definition
to join together the transverse process and the spinous process
Term
What is the purpose of the Vertebral foramen?
Definition
act as an opening for the spinal cord to travel
Term
What is the purpose of the inferior/superior articulating surfaces?
Definition
allow for stacking of vertebrae
Term
What is the purpose of the intervertebral foramen?
Definition
act as a lateral opening between vertebrae for spinal nerves to exit on either side
Term
How many cervical vertebrae are there?
Definition
7
Term
how many thoracic vertebrae are there?
Definition
12
Term
how many lumbar vertebrae are there?
Definition
5
Term
where is the sacrum located?
Definition
between the L5 and the coccyx
Term
where is the coccyx located?
Definition
the very end of the spine
Term
only _______ vertebrae have a transverse foramen
Definition
cervical
Term
What is the purpose of the transverse foramen?
Definition
allow passage of vertebral artery into cranial cavity
Term
all cervical vertebrae have all the characteristics of a typical vertebrae, true or false?
Definition
false, C1 and C2 do not. But C3-C7 do
Term
C1 is also known as the ___
Definition
Atlas
Term
C1 supports the head by articulating with the _____
Definition
Occipital bone
Term
C1 has no body, true or false
Definition
true, its body is actually attached to C2
Term
Instead of a pedicle and lamina, the atlas has _____
Definition
anterior and posterior arches
Term
C2 is also known as the ____
Definition
Axis
Term
What is the Dens (Odontoid process)
Definition
A structure in C2 pointing upward from the body that is actually the body of C1
Term
The dens fits into the anterior surface of the posterior arch of the atlas, true or false?
Definition
False, the dens fits into the POSTERIOR surface of the ANTERIOR arch of the atlas
Term
The joint between the occypital condyles, and superior articulating surfaces of the atlas is where the ____ motion takes place?
Definition
nodding "yes"
Term
the articulation of C1 and C2 allow for the _____ motion?
Definition
shaking your head "no"
Term
What are the distinguishing characteristics of the thoracic vertebrae?
Definition
facets at the pedicle and transverse process to allow for articulation with the ribs
Term
what part of the rib does the pedicle facet on the thoracic vertebrae articulate with?
Definition
the head of the rib
Term
what part of the rib does the transverse process on the thoracic vertebrae articulate with?
Definition
the tubercle on the rib
Term
The thoracic region has less ROM than the cervical region, true or false?
Definition
True, rib attachment limits ROM
Term
Lumbar vertebrae do not allow for rotation, true or false
Definition
true
Term
Why is there no rotation in the lumbar region?
Definition
articulating surfaces aligned vertically and due to the sheer amount of weight these vertebrae must bear, rotation would herniate or rupture the disks
Term
the sacrum contains ____ fused vertebrae
Definition
5
Term
5 landmarks of the sacrum include
Definition
Articular surfaces, median crest, sacral canal, sacral hiatus and dorsal & ventrical foramina
Term
the coccyx is composed of ____ fused vertebrae
Definition
4
Term
The coccyx is considered the vestigial remnant of the tail, true or false?
Definition
True
Term
Define: Intervertebral disk
Definition
a fibrocartilage disk between vertebrae
Term
There are no disks between C1 and C2, true or false
Definition
True
Term
what are the 2 components of a vertebral disk?
Definition
annulus fibrosis & nuclear pulposus
Term
The annulu fibrosis has _____ (number) layered sheets of collagen known as Lamellae?
Definition
15-25
Term
What is the purpose of the intervertebral disk?
Definition
act as cushion and allow for movement between vertebrae
Term
Define: anterior/psterior longitudinal ligament
Definition
ligaments that run up and down n the anterior and posterior surfaces of the bodies of vertebrae

NOTE: anterior ligament is wider than posterior
Term
Define: ligamentum flavum
Definition
an elastic ligament that joins the laminae of vertebrae

NOTE: not continuous
Term
Define: interspinous ligament
Definition
ligaments that join the lateral sides of the spines of the vertebrae
Term
Define: supraspinous ligament
Definition
ligaments that join the tips of the vertebral spine
Term
Define: ligamentum nuchae
Definition
an elastic ligament that is the continuation of the supraspinous ligament in the cervical region
Term
what is the purpose of the ligamentum nuchae
Definition
provdide SA for muscle attachment and reduce muscle activity in holding head up
Term
Define: primary curves
Definition
concave areas of the spine (throacic and saccral)
Term
Define: secondary curves
Definition
convex areas of the spine (cervical and lumbar)
Term
Purpose of cervical convex curve
Definition
so head can stay upright
Term
purpose of lumber convex curve
Definition
support body's center of gravity
Term
Define: Kyphosis
Definition
"hunch back"/exaggerated lower cervical/thoracic curve
Term
Define: lordosis
Definition
exaggerated lumber curve (swayback)
Term
Define: Scoliosis
Definition
lateral curvature of spine
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