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Axial Skeleton
Anatomical features and vocab related to the axial skeleton.
35
Anatomy
Undergraduate 4
01/25/2015

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Term
Long bones
Definition

Much longer than they are wide.

(Example: Femur, Humerus)

Term
Flat bones
Definition

Thin, flattened and slightly curved bones.

(Example: sternum, scapula, skull bones, ribs)

Term
Irregular bones
Definition

Bones that do not fit a category

(Example: vertebrae, hip-bones)

Term
Sesamoid bones
Definition

Short bones embedded in a tendon

(Example: patella)

Term
Projections (AKA Processes)
Definition
Sites of muscle and ligament attachment. Some also serve as the site of articulation between bones, forming joints.
Term
Depressions (AKA Openings)
Definition
Allow blood vessels and nerves to pass through bones.
Term
Axial Skeleton
Definition

Bones that form the vertical axis of the body.

Protects, supports, and carries other body parts.

Term
Appendicular skeleton
Definition
Attached to the axial skeleton and provides the ability to move and manipulate our environment in conjunction with the muscular system.
Term
Tuberosity
Definition
Relatively large, rough area
Term
Tubercle
Definition
Relatively small bump
Term
Trochanter
Definition
Large bump on femur
Term
Condyle
Definition
Irregular, smooth, articulation surface
Term
Epicondyle
Definition
Bump on a condyle
Term
Head
Definition
Round articulation surface
Term
Neck
Definition
Constriction below head
Term
Crest
Definition
Ridge
Term
Line
Definition
Smaller ridge
Term
Facet
Definition
Smooth, flat, articulation surface
Term
Spine
Definition
Short and sharp projection
Term
Ramus
Definition
Branch
Term
Foramen
Definition
Shallow hole
Term
Meatus (AKA Canal)
Definition
Deep hole
Term
Groove (AKA Sulcus)
Definition
Long depression
Term
Fossa
Definition
Shallow depression
Term
Notch
Definition
Deep depression
Term
Sinus
Definition
Cavity
Term
Fissure
Definition
Long deep cut-out
Term
Kyphosis
Definition

Thoracic curvature is exaggerated

"hunchback"

Term
Lordosis
Definition
Lumbar curvature is exaggerated
Term
Scoliosis
Definition
S-shape of spine
Term
True rib
Definition
Rib that attached directly to sternum
Term
Floating rib
Definition
Rib that does not attached to the sternum or another rib
Term
False rib
Definition
Rib that attaches to another rib and indirectly to sternum
Term
Primary curvature
Definition
Thoracic and sacral vertebrae curvature.
Well developed by time of birth.
Term
Secondary curvature
Definition
Cervical and lumbar vertebrae curvature. Form as the child develops the ability to hold up its head or walk.
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