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Axial Musculature
Axial Musculature Part One Chapter 10
41
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
02/29/2012

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Term
Approximately how much or the skeletal muscles in the body are axail muscules?
Definition

 

 

 

60%

Term
What are the four groups based in location and /or function?
Definition

- Muscles of the head and neck 

- Muscle of the vertebral column

- The Obligue and rectus muscles

- Muscle of the pelvic diaphragm

Term

MUSCLES OF THE

HEAD AND NECK


FACIAL EXPRESSION

 

Originate?

Definition

 

On the surface of the skull

Term

FACIAL EXPRESSION

 

Their insertions?

Definition

 

- The collagen fibers of the epimysium are

woven into those of the superficial fascia (hypodermis) and dermis of the skin.

- When they contract, the skin moves.

Term

FACIAL EXPRESSION

 

Innervated by cranial nerve VII? 

Definition

 

-(facial nerve)

Term

FACIAL EXPRESSION

 

The largest group of facial muscles is associated with the?

Definition

 

- Mouth 

Term

FACIAL EXPRESSION-MOUTH

 

Buccinator?

Definition

 

 

• Helps to move food back across the teeth from the space inside the cheeks

    • Pursing lips and blowing (whistling, sucking, squirting water)

          • Highly developed in babies and gives them fat cheeks

 

 

Term

FACIAL EXPRESSION-MOUTH

 

Buccinator:

Origin?

Insertion?

Action?

Definition

• Origin- alveolar process of the maxilla and mandible

• Insertion- blends into the fibers of the orbicularis oris

• Action- compresses the cheeks

Term

FACIAL EXPRESSION-MOUTH

 

Mentalis:

What is it?

Origin?

Insertion?

Action?

Definition

• Pouting

• Origin- front of the mandible

• Insertion- skin of the cheek

• Action- elevates and protrudes the upper lip

Term

 

FACIAL EXPRESSION-MOUTH

 

Orbicularis oris:

What is it?

Origin?

Insertion?

Action?

 

Definition

• Closes your mouth, puckers the lips

• Origin- maxillary bone and mandible

• Insertion- lips

• Action- compresses and purses the lips

Term

FACIAL EXPRESSION-MOUTH

 

Depressor anguli oris:

What is it?

Origin?

Insertion?

Action?

Definition

• Frowning

• Origin- anterolateral surface of the mandibular body

• Insertion- skin at the angle of the mouth

• Action- depresses the corner of the mouth

Term

FACIAL EXPRESSION-MOUTH

 

Zygomaticus major and minor:

What is it?

Origin?

Insertion?

Action?

 

Definition

• Smiling

• Origin- zygomatic bone

• Insertion

• Major- angle of the mouth

• Minor- upper lip

• Action

• Major- retracts and elevates the corner of the mouth

• Minor- retracts and elevates the upper lip

Term

FACIAL EXPRESSION-EYES

 

Orbicularis oculi:

What is it?

Origin?

Insertion?

Action?

Definition

• Allows winking

• Origin- medial margin of the orbit

• Insertion- skin around the eyelids

• Action- closes the eye

Term

FACIAL EXPRESSION-NOSE

 

Procerus:

Origin?

Insertion?

Action?

Definition

• Origin- inferior portion of the nasal bones and lateral nasal cartilages

• Insertion- aponeurosis at the bridge of the nose and skin of the forehead

• Action- moves the nose, changes position and shape

of the nostrils

Term

FACIAL EXPRESSION-NOSE

 

Nasalis:

What is it?

Origin?

Insertion?

Action?

Definition

• Inferior to the procerus

• Origin- maxillary bone and alar cartilage of the nose

• Insertion- bridge of the nose

• Action- compresses the bridge, depresses the tip of the nose, elevates the corner of the nostrils

Term

FACIAL EXPRESSION-EAR

 

Temporoparietalis:

What is it?

Origin?

Insertion? 

Action?

Definition

• Over the temporalis

• Origin- fascia around the external ear

• Insertion- epicranial aponeurosis (collagenous sheet on the top of the cranium)

• Action- tenses scalp, moves auricle of the ear

Term

FACIAL EXPRESSION-SCALP

 

Occipitofrontalis (frontal belly and occipital belly):

Origin?

Insertion? 

Action?

 

Definition

• Origin

• Frontal- epicranial aponeurosis

• Occipital- superior nuchal line, mastoid portion of the temporal bone

• Insertion

• Frontal- skin of the eyebrow and bridge of the nose

• Occipital- epicranial aponeurosis

• Action

• Frontal- raises eyebrows, wrinkles forehead

• Occipital- tenses and retracts the scalp

Term

FACIAL EXPRESSION-NECK

 

Platysma:

What is it?

Origin?

Insertion?

Action?

Definition

• Sheet-like

• Smooths the neck and throat and opens the jaw against tension

• Antagonist to the temporalis and masseter

• Origin- fascia of the superior thorax between the cartilage of the second rib and the acromion of the scapula

• Insertion- mandible and skin of the cheek

• Action- tenses skin of the neck, depresses the mandible, draws the outer part of the lower lip inferiorly and posteriorly as in pouting.

Term
What are the six extra-ocular muscles called or sometimes called?
Definition
Oculomotor or extrinsic eye muscules.
Term

Where does oculomoter or ectrinsic eye muscles originate in the surface of the ordit  and where does it inserted? 

It also controls what?

Definition

On the outer suface of the sclera (white of the eye)

It also controls the position of each eye.

Term

EXTRA-OCULAR MUSCLES

 

Superior rectus?

Definition
Eye looks up
Term

EXTRA-OCULAR MUSCLES

 

Inferior rectus?

Definition
Eye looks down.
Term

EXTRA-OCULAR MUSCLES

 

Medial rectus?

Definition
 Eye looks medially.
Term

EXTRA-OCULAR MUSCLES

 

Lateral retus?

Definition
Eye looks laterally
Term

EXTRA-OCULAR MUSCLES

 

Superior Oblique?

Definition
Eye rolls, looks down and laterally.
Term

EXTRA-OCULAR MUSCLES

 

Inferior oblique?

Definition
Eye rolls, looks up and laterally.
Term

MUSCLES OF MASTICATION

 

What does the muscles of the mastication control?

 

Definition

• Move the jaw at the temporomandibular joint

• Innervated by cranial nerve V (trigeminal)

Term

MUSCLES OF MASTICATION

 

Masseter:

What is it?

Origin?

Insertion?

Action?

Definition

• Strongest muscle of mastication

• Origin- zygomatic arch

• Insertion- lateral surface of the mandibular ramus

• Action- elevates the mandible and closes the jaw

Term

MUSCLES OF MASTICATION

 

Temporalis:

What is it?

Origin?

Insertion?

Action?

Definition

• Under the temporoparietalis (ear muscle)

• Origin- along the temporal lines of the skull

• Insertion- coronoid process of the mandible

• Action- elevates the mandible and closes the jaw

Term

 

MUSCLES OF MASTICATION

 

Pterygoids (medial and lateral):

Origin?

Insertion?

Action?

 

Definition

• Origin- pterygoid plate of the sphenoid

• Insertion

• Medial- medial surface of the mandibular ramus

• Lateral- anterior part of the neck of the mandibular

condyle

• Action

• Medial- elevates the mandible and closes the jaw, moves the mandible from side to side

• Lateral- opens the jaw, protrudes the mandible, moves the mandible from side to side

Term

MUSCLES OF THE TONGUE

 

What does the Muscle of the Tongue do?

Definition

• Innervated by cranial nerve XII (hypoglossal nerve)

• Extrinsic muscles of the tongue are used in various

combinations to move the tongue in delicate and complex

patterns necessary for speech

• Also help manipulate food within the mouth

Term

MUSCLES OF THE TONGUE

 

Genioglossus:

Origin?

Insertion?

Action?

Definition

• Origin- medial surface of the mandible around the chin

• Insertion- body of the tongue and the hyoid bone

• Action- depresses and protracts the tongue

Term

MUSCLES OF THE TONGUE

 

Styloglossus:

Origin?

Insertion?

Action?

Definition

• Origin- styloid process of the temporal bone

• Insertion- along the side to the tip and base of the tongue

• Action- retracts tongue, elevates sides

Term

MUSCLES OF THE PHARYNX

 

What does the muscle of the pharynx do?

Definition

• Paired muscles important in the initiation of swallowing

• Innervated by the 9th (glosopharyngeal) and 10th (vagus) cranial nerves

Term

MUSCLES OF THE PHARYNX

 

What type are the types of Muscle of the Pharynx?

Definition

• Pharyngeal constrictors

• Laryngeal elevators

• Palatal muscles

 

Term

MUSCLES OF THE PHARYNX

 

Pharyngeal constrictors?

Definition

• Pharyngeal constrictors

• Begin the process of moving food into the esophagus

• Outer, circular group of muscles

 

 

Term

MUSCLES OF THE PHARYNX

 

Laryngeal elevators?

Definition

• Laryngeal elevators

• Cause the epiglottis to close over the glottis to seal the

respiratory passageways

• Inner, longitudinal muscles

 

Term

MUSCLES OF THE PHARYNX

 

 Palatal muscles?

Definition

• Palatal muscles

• Elevate the soft palate and pull open the entrance to the auditory tube

Term

ANTERIOR MUSCLES OF THE NECK

 

WHat does it control?

Definition
• Control the position of the larynx, depress the mandible, tense the floor of the mouth and provide a stable foundation for muscles of the tongue and pharynx
Term

ANTERIOR MUSCLES OF THE NECK

 

Digastric (anterior and posterior belly):

Origin?

Insertion?

Action?

Definition

• Origin

• Anterior- from the inferior surface of the mandible at the

chin

• Posterior- from the mastoid region of the temporal bone

• Insertion- hyoid bone

• Action- opens the mouth by depressing the mandible and elevates the larynx.

Term

ANTERIOR MUSCLES OF THE NECK

 

Sternocleidomastoid (clavicular and sternal head):

Origin?

Insertion?

Action?

Definition

• Origin

• Clavicular head- attaches to the sternal end of the clavicle

• Sternal head- attaches to the manubrium

• Insertion- mastoid region of the skull

• Action

• Together- flex the neck

• Alone- one side bends the neck toward the shoulder and turns the face to the opposite side

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