Term
| How many ovarys and oviducts are in an avian system? |
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Definition
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Term
| When does the oviduct begin to develop? |
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Definition
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Term
| When can birds begin to legally lay eggs? |
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Definition
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Term
What gland activates the ovary?
What is the name of the hormone? |
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Definition
Anterior Pitiuary Gland
Follicle Stimulating Hormone |
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Term
| What happens 11 days before pullet lays first egg? |
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Definition
| FSH is released, ovarian follicles begin to grow in size |
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Term
| How does the ovary respond to FSH? |
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Definition
hormone synthesis (estrogen, progesterone, testosterone)
Development of medullary bone
Hepatic synthesis (lipids and proteins for yolk) |
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Term
| How long does it take for the yolk to mature? |
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| Mature ova, nutrient source for the embryo |
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Term
| What causes the release of mature ovum? |
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Definition
| Progesterone production, following release of luteinizing hormone |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
True/False
The infundibulum is also found in the mammalian repro. tract |
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Definition
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Term
| How long does the yolk stay in the infundibulum? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Where is the egg fertilized? |
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Definition
| infundibulum, prior to albumen snthesis |
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Term
| How long does the developing egg stay in the magnum? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where is the majority of albumen secreted? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| first layer of albumen produced in the magnum |
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Term
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Definition
| helps albumen stick together |
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Term
| What are the functions of the albumen? |
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Definition
Prevent invasion/growth of microbes
protect the embryo
contains protease inhibitors and Fe chelators
source of H2O, protein, minerals NOT fat |
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Term
| What is the role of the isthmus? |
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Definition
| develops inner/outer shell membranes |
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Term
| How long does an egg stay in the isthmus? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the purpose of the airspace? |
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Definition
Gives the chick a breath of fresh air prior to hatching
permits gas exchange
prevents albumen and microbes leaving |
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Term
|
Definition
AKA Uterus
formation of 4th albumen layer |
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Term
| How long does the shell take to develop? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where does calcification occur? |
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Definition
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Term
| What eperates the vagina and the shell gland? |
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Definition
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Term
True/False
Vagina plays no role in egg formation |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is the role of cuticle deposit? |
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Definition
| lubrication while laying egg, limit air/water exchange, prevent bacteria entry |
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Term
| How long can a chicken store sperm? a turkey? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| How many pores are in an egg shell? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is the purpose of pores in an egg shell? |
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Definition
| chemical communication, exchange of gases via diffusion (O2 in, CO2 H2O out) |
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Term
| What is the clutch sequence? |
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Definition
| the number of consecutive days a hen lays an egg |
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Term
| The __________the clutch the shorter the pause? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| length of tube where spermatozoa are formed |
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Term
|
Definition
| tubular structure where spermatozoa are formed |
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Term
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Definition
| Tube conveying spermatozoa to cloaca |
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Term
|
Definition
| small protusions where Vas Deferens opens to cloaca |
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Term
| Define: Urodaeum of cloaca |
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Definition
| opening of excretory system |
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Term
|
Definition
| Paired tube opening directly from kidney into cloaca |
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Term
| Where is seminol plasma produced? |
|
Definition
Seminiferous tubules and vas efferentia
Vas efferentia emerges from epidydimis |
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Term
| Where is semen stored in birds? in mammals? |
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Definition
| vas deferens (birds) Epidydimis (mammals) |
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Term
| What do chickens lack in their digestive tract? |
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Definition
| lips, soft palate, cheeks, teeth |
|
|
Term
| what seperates oral/nasal passage? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
no distinction between mouth and pharynx
found in birds |
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Term
| Do birds or mammals have more taste buds? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the role of the cloaca? |
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Definition
| Urinary, digestive, repro opening |
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|
Term
| Why do the kidneys form uric acid? |
|
Definition
easier to excrete then urea
less toxic to embryo |
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
| Where are the major arteries in avian system? |
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Definition
| shoulders/wing, pectorals, ribs |
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|
Term
| What is anastomosis of jugulars? |
|
Definition
| jugulars are connected, for flying |
|
|
Term
| Do birds have a diaphragm? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What has a larger lung as portion of body weight? |
|
Definition
| mammals (3% compared to 1%) |
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|
Term
| What is the difference in tracheal rings in mammals and avian? |
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Definition
| C shaped in birds, complete rings in mammals |
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|
Term
True/False:
Birds have a higher respiration of volumne due to air sacs |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Do the lungs of birds expand/contract during respiration? |
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Inhaled air passes through lungs to air sacs, when exhaled it passes through again, major gas exchange in lungs |
|
|
Term
| how many air sacs are there? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| How many bronchi are in the avian system? |
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Definition
| 2 primary, 2ndary, then tertiatry (parabronchi) |
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Term
| What are the major distinguishing properties of the avian skeleton? |
|
Definition
| Designed for flight and laying eggs |
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|
Term
True/False
There is complete structural speration of the hind limb and forelimb |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What muscle derives the value of the carcass in birds? in beef? |
|
Definition
Birds-pectoralis, breast
beef- longisimus |
|
|
Term
| What are the avian adaptions for flight? |
|
Definition
light/strong skeleton
fused vertebrae
pneumatic air-filled cavities in bone |
|
|
Term
| The premaxillea forms the.. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| HOw many cervical vertebrae are there in avian and how are they arranged? |
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Definition
| 14 vertebra, arranged in an S shape |
|
|
Term
| How many condyles do birds have compared to mammals? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
Which has more head/neck movement?
mammals or birds? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 2-5 thoraic vertebra, 14 lumbar-sacral and 1st caudle fused |
|
|
Term
| What does the synsacrum act as? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many caudal vertebra are there? |
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Definition
| 6, 2-5 are free and #6 is the pygoste |
|
|
Term
| mammals vs. birds: which has the more flexible neck? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Mammals vs. Birds: which has more flexibe vertebral columns? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What vertebra on a mammal is fused? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What doesn't reach the sternum on an avian skeleton? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the uncinate process? |
|
Definition
| overlapping of posterior ribs, adds strength to rib cage |
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|
Term
| The sternum is also known as the? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is there double articulation in the avian skeleton? |
|
Definition
verteral column and ribs,
sternum and ribs |
|
|
Term
| What is the pectoral girdle? |
|
Definition
| Clavicle, coracoid, scapula |
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|
Term
| The scapula articulates __________ with the clavicle, coracoid and _____________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the coracoid? |
|
Definition
| keeps wings away from sternum |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the furcula (wishbone)? |
|
Definition
| keeps shoulder joints at optimun distance during wing movement |
|
|
Term
| How is the scapula attached to the body? |
|
Definition
| by muscles, not directly attached |
|
|
Term
| What does the clavicle do? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What anchors the primary flight feathers? |
|
Definition
| carpals, carpometacarpus, digits |
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|
Term
In the avian forelimb the ________is thicker
In the mammalian forelimb the ________is thicker |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Pelvic girdle contains the? |
|
Definition
Ilium, schium, pubis
*incomplete ventrally to facilitate egg laying |
|
|
Term
True/False:
mammalian pelvis supports vicera, avian does not |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What bone is used to determine gender? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The femur articulates with _____________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is fused to form tibiotarsus? |
|
Definition
| tibia fused with proximal tarsus |
|
|
Term
| What is fused to form tarsometatarsus |
|
Definition
| distal tarsus fused with 2,3,4 metatarsals to form tarsometatarsus |
|
|
Term
| Desciribe the foot of a bird |
|
Definition
4 digits,
3 anterior, 1 posterior, this allows for perching |
|
|
Term
| Where is medullary bone found? |
|
Definition
| Femur, sternum, ribs, ulna, tibia |
|
|
Term
| How much does medullary bone increase skeleton weight? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What fibre is the pectorallis made of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The supracoracoideus produces the ________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the most anterior leg muscles? |
|
Definition
| Sartorius and Iliotibialis, found in thigh |
|
|
Term
| Posterior leg muscles include: |
|
Definition
| tensor fascia lata, biceps femoris, semi tendinosus, semi membraneous |
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