Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Autonomic Nervous System
Visceral Efferent and Afferent System
110
Anatomy
Graduate
03/08/2015

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
role of the ANS
Definition
modulate function of the organ systems of the body
Term
visceral efferent system
Definition
autonomic nervous system
Term
visceral afferents participate in what
Definition
local reflexes and project to higher centers
Term
ANS controls (3)
Definition
cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, exocrine secretion
Term
the ANS is known as what kind of pathway
Definition
2-neuron
Term
where are the preganglionic cell body found?
Definition
brainstem or spinal cord
Term
where are the post ganglionic cell bodies found
Definition
in the peripheral ganglion
Term
two parts of autonomic nervous system
Definition
sympathetic, parasympathetic
Term
fright, flight, or fight system
Definition
sympathetic
Term
rest, relaxation system
Definition
parasympathetic
Term
preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic division are located where?
Definition
intermediolateral cell column from T1-L2/L3
Term
route of the sympathetic division, direct: origin
Definition
lateral horn
Term
route of teh sympathetic division: direct: from the lateral horn where does the neuron go
Definition
T1-L2 spinal nerves, white and gray rami
Term
route of the sympathetic division: direct: from the T1-L2 spinal nerves where does the information continue
Definition
white ramus communicans
Term
route of the sympathetic division: direct: from the white ramus communicnas the information continues to where
Definition
synapses on the sympathetic trunk ganglion
Term
route of the sympathetic division: direct: from the sympathetic trunk ganlgion where does information continue
Definition
gray rami communicans
Term
route of the sympathetic division: direct: from the gray rami communicans where does information go
Definition
post ganglionic fiber of t1-l2 containing white and gray rami
Term
route of the sympathetic division: ascending/descending: from the spinal nerve to the white ramus communicans where does the information go next
Definition
sympathetic trunk
Term
route of the sympathetic division: ascending/descending: after ascending the sympathetic trunk where does the information go
Definition
synpases on teh sympathetic trunk ganglion
Term
route of the sympathetic division: ascending/descending: after synapsing on the gray ramus communcians where does information go next
Definition
post-ganglionic fiber which contains only gray rami
Term
route of the sympathetic division: ascending/descending: to head: after ascending the sympathetic trunk where does information go
Definition
synapses on the superior cervical ganglion
Term
what do preganglionic fibers secrete
Definition
acetylcholine
Term
what do postganglioninc neurons secrete
Definition
norepinephrine
Term
how does the sympathetic division innervate teh head
Definition
superior cervical ganglia via carotid plexus
Term
how does the sympathetic division innervate the thorax
Definition
cardiac and pulmonary plexus
Term
ganglia that innervate the abdomen and pelvic viscera
Definition
prevertebral ganglia
Term
what are teh prevertebral collateral ganglia (3)
Definition
celiac ganglia, superior mesenteric ganglia, inferior mesenteric ganglia
Term
what bodily structure is innervated directly by preganglionic sympathetic neurons
Definition
adrenal medulla
Term
the adrenal medulla secretes what
Definition
epinephrine and norepinephrine
Term
describe the effects of teh sympathetic division
Definition
widespread and long lasting, systemic
Term
describe teh size of preganglionics in the sympathetic division
Definition
short
Term
describe the relationship between preganglionics and post ganglionics in the sympathetic division
Definition
pre- synapse with many post, resulting in divergence of impulse
Term
adrenal medulla ________ sympathetic effects
Definition
augments
Term
norepinephrine deactivates _________
Definition
slowly
Term
the parasympathetic division flows from where to where
Definition
craniosacral outflow
Term
where are the preganglionics of teh parasympathetic division located
Definition
CN III, VII, IX, X and splachnic nerve
Term
preganglionics of the parasympathetic division supply what (6)
Definition
head, thorax, upper abdomen, descending colon, lower gi tract, urogential system
Term
preganglionics of the parasympathetic division secrete what
Definition
Acetycholine
Term
postganglionics of the parasympathetic division secrete what
Definition
acetylcholine
Term
there are autonomic ganglia of the parasympathetic division located where
Definition
head
Term
there are terminal ganglia of the parasympathetic division located wehre
Definition
in walls of organs
Term
where is there no parasympathetic innervation
Definition
in limbs
Term
effects of the parasympathetic division (2)
Definition
local and temporally discrete
Term
preganglionics of the parasympathetic division are ______
Definition
long
Term
preganglionics of the parasympathetic division synapse where
Definition
in wall of target organ
Term
parasympathetic division: with preganglionics being long and synapsing in wall of target organ, what is the result?
Definition
little divergence of impulse
Term
acetylcholine is quickly removed by what
Definition
acetylcholinesterase
Term
some consider this the 3rd division of the ANS
Definition
enteric nervous system
Term
portion of the ANS innervating the GI Tract
Definition
enteric nervous system
Term
the enteric nervous system is located where
Definition
within the substance of the GI tract
Term
what are the 2 plexuses of the enteric nervous system
Definition
myenteric plexus of Auerbach, submucusoal plexus of meissner
Term
the two plexuses of the enteric nervous system are located where
Definition
within teh wall of the GI tract
Term
parasympathetic stimulation of the enteric nervous system leads to waht (3)
Definition
increased peristalsis, vasodilation, increased secretion by GI glands
Term
parasympathetic stimulation of the enteric nervous system leads to waht, simply
Definition
aid in the digestion of food and its passage through the GI tract
Term
sympathetic stimulation of the enteric nervous system leads to what (3)
Definition
vasoconstriction, inhibition of peristalsis, contraction of the involuntary GI sphincters
Term
what are the cell bodies of visceral afferents
Definition
DRG or sensory ganglia of CN VII, IX, X
Term
visceral afferent fibers travel how in what?
Definition
retrograde in parasympathetics or sympathetics
Term
visceral afferents terminate where
Definition
dorsal horn with somatic afferents or in solitary nucelus of brainstem
Term
does visceral afferent information reach consciousness
Definition
much of it does not
Term
visceral afferent information contributes to what
Definition
mood
Term
two types of general viseral information
Definition
physiologic, pain
Term
physiologic visceral afferent information travels with what
Definition
parasympathetics
Term
physiologic visceral afferents have the largest input with what
Definition
vagus (80% is afferent)
Term
physiologic visceral afferents: info on BP comes from what two physiologic structures
Definition
carotid body, aortic sinus
Term
physiologic visceral afferents: info on BP from carotid body travels via what CN
Definition
CN IX
Term
physiologic visceral afferents: info on BP from aortic sinus travels through what CN
Definition
CN X
Term
physiologic visceral afferents: O2 tension information is detected by what structures
Definition
carotid body, aortic sinus
Term
physiologic visceral afferents: O2 tension from the carotid body is carried by what CN
Definition
CN IX
Term
physiologic visceral afferents: O2 tension information from the aortic sinus is carried by what CN
Definition
CN X
Term
physiologic visceral afferents: fullness of hollow organs is carried by what NN
Definition
CN X, S2-S4
Term
under resting conditions almost all systemic arterioles are constricted to about 1/2 their maximal diamater by ongoing _____ ______ activity
Definition
sympathetic tonic
Term
a decrease in sympathetic tonic activity on systemic arterioles results in what
Definition
vasodilation
Term
an increase in sympathetic tonic activity on systemic arterioles results in what
Definition
further constriction
Term
sympathetic vasoconstrictor tone results from continuous firing of neurons in the...
Definition
rostral ventrolateral medulla
Term
neurons in the rostral ventrolateral medulla innervate what
Definition
sympathetic vasoconstrictor preganglionic neurons
Term
pressure sensitive neurons
Definition
baroreceptors
Term
activation of pressure-sensitive neurons that innervate the aortic arch and carotid sinus signal an increase in BP via what CN
Definition
IX and X
Term
activation of pressure-sensitive neurons that innervate the aortic arch and carotid sinus signal an increase in BP via CN IX and CN X to what?
Definition
nucleus of teh solitary tract
Term
the aortic arch and carotid sinus signal an increase in BP via CN IX and X to the nucleus of the solitary tract which in turn does what?
Definition
excites interneurons in the caudal ventrolateral medulla
Term
When the interneurons of the caudal ventrolateral medulla are excited by the solitary tract, what happens next?
Definition
inhibition of tonic vasomotor neurons, excitation of vagal neurons
Term
inhibition of tonic vasomotor neurons and excitation of vagal neurons results in what
Definition
fall in both BP and heart rate
Term
sympathetic control of bladder starts from where
Definition
intermediolateral nucleus between T11-L2
Term
sympathetic bladder control: information leaves the intermediolateral nucleus and goes where
Definition
inferior mesenteric ganglion
Term
sympathetic bladder control: inferior mesenteric ganglion sends what type of information to the internal urethral sphincter
Definition
excitatory, encourages continued constriction
Term
sympathetic bladder control: inferior mesenteric ganglion sends information through what
Definition
hypogastric nerve
Term
sympathetic bladder control: the inferior mesenteric ganglion sends what type of informatio to the bladder itself
Definition
inhibitory, prevents it from filling
Term
parasympathetic bladder control: parasympathetic information originates from where
Definition
sacral parasympathetic nucleus, somatic motor nucleus
Term
parasympathetic bladder control: information travels from the sacral parasympathetic nucleus and somatic motor nucelus via what?
Definition
pelvic splanchnic nerve, pudendal nerve
Term
parasympathetic bladder control: information from the pudendal nerve does what
Definition
excites external urethral sphincter, encourages opening
Term
parasympathetic bladder control: information from the pelvic splanchnic nerve encourages what
Definition
excitation of the urinary bladder, encourages smooth muscle contraction and promotes emptying
Term
parasympathetic bladder control: when are the neurons quiet
Definition
when the bladder begins to fill
Term
parasympathetic bladder control: when are the neurons activated
Definition
reflexively by visceral afferents when the bladder is distended
Term
sympathetic bladder control: the sympathetic division is activated by what
Definition
low-frequency firing in sensory afferents
Term
sympathetic bladder control: the sympathetic division is activated by low-frequency firing sesory afferents that respond to what
Definition
tension in the bladder wall
Term
sympathetic bladder control: excitation of sympathetic neurosn results in what?
Definition
inhibition of parasympathetic neurons
Term
during bladder filling what is the role of the sympathetic division
Definition
relxation of the bladder wall directly while maintaing closure of the internal sphincter
Term
what is the role of somatic motor neurons during bladder filling
Definition
innervate the external sphincter causing it to contract
Term
somatic motor neurons are stimulated by what
Definition
afferents that are activated when the bladder is partially full
Term
as the bladder fills, sensory afferents relay information to what?
Definition
pons (barrington's nucleus)
Term
barrington's nucleus of the pons also recieves information from where
Definition
descending input from the forebrain concerning behavioral cues for emptying the bladder
Term
descending pathways from Barrington's nucleus cause coordinated inhibition of what systems? resulting in what?
Definition
sympathetic and somatic systems, relaxing both sphincters
Term
the onset of urinary flow through the urethra causes reflex contraction of what?
Definition
the bladder
Term
the onset of urinary flow through the urethra causes reflex contraction of the bladder that is under which systemic control?
Definition
parasympathetic
Term
pain of the visceral afferents is derived from what (4)
Definition
overdistension of viscera, irritation, disease, damage
Term
what structures do not have pain receptors (2)
Definition
brain, parenchyma of viscera
Term
pain of viscera is due to effects of what or structures?
Definition
arteries
Term
pain of viscera is due to effects on arteries in what 4 structures
Definition
meninges, peritoneum, pleura, organ capsules
Term
pain fibers travel with what system?
Definition
sympathetics
Term
visceral pain travel with sympathetics and centrally merge with system for somatic pain in what 2 zones
Definition
spinothalamic tract, thalamus
Term
visceral pain can present itself as how
Definition
referred pain
Supporting users have an ad free experience!