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Autonomic Nervous System
ANS
62
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
11/21/2012

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Cards

Term
What is the ANS also known as?
Definition
Involuntary nervous system
Term
What are the two major divisions of the ANS?
Definition
1. Sypathetic
2. Parasympathetic
Term
What does the ANS target?
Definition
Smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands
Term
What is the structure of the ANS?
Definition
Two neuron chain; pregangloinic neuron and postganglionic neuron
Term
Where are the pregangloinic cell bodies located?
Definition
Within the CNS in nuclei
Term
Where are the postganglionic cell bodies located?
Definition
Ganglia outside the PNS
Term
Where do the preganglionic neurons synapse?
Definition
In the gangla
Term
Where do the postganglionic neurons synapse?
Definition
At the target
Term
How do the sympathetic and parasympathetic pathways act?
Definition
Dynamically, often opposing each other?
Term
What is the exception to the general action of the ANS?
Definition
Blood vessels; only under sympathetic control
Term
What is the general job of the sympathetic branch?
Definition
Activates
Term
Where does the sympathetic division originate?
Definition
T1 - L2, from their respective cell bodies
Term
What is another name for the sympathetic division?
Definition
Thoracolumbar Division
Term
(T/F) The sympathetic division is widely distributed to many parts of the body
Definition
True
Term
Symp division is generally involved in situations where energy needs to be (stored/expelled)
Definition
Expelled
Term
The general job of the parasymp division is what?
Definition
Inhibition
Term
Where does the parasymp division originate?
Definition
Brain stem and S2, S3, S4
Term
What is another name for the parasymp division?
Definition
Craniosacral division
Term
(T/F) The parasymp div is also widely distributed
Definition
False
Term
Parasymp is generally involved in (reducing/increasing) energy stores
Definition
Increasing
Term
(T/F) the parasymp effects are more restricted and localized
Definition
True
Term
Name the steps the symp division takes getting to the ganglia
Definition
1. Originates from lateral horn of T1-L2
2. Leaves via ventral root
3. Passes through spinal nerve
4. Passes through white ramus
5. Reaches ganglia
Term
How are most of the symp ganglia organized?
Definition
In the sympathetic trunk
Term
What is another name for ganglia in the symp trunk?
Definition
Paravertebral ganglia
Term
What are the 3 pathways the pregang neuron can take at the gangla
Definition
1. Synapse and pass through grey ramus, onto spinal nerve then onto target
2. Pass through sympathetic trunk and synapse at collateral ganglia
3.Pregang neurons travel up/down symp trunk and synapse at another paravertebral ganglia
Term
What is another name for the collateral ganglia?
Definition
Prevertebral ganglia
Term
The white ramus is also known as the ____ ____.
Definition
Off ramp
Term
The grey ramus is also known as the ___ ___.
Definition
On ramp
Term
What is route two (with collateral ganglia) associated with?
Definition
Abdominal and pelvic viscera, and the 3 blood vessels that are the main supply to abdominopelvic cavity
Term
Where does traveling up the trunk usually occur?
Definition
T1-T5
Term
Where does traveling straight through the ganglia occur?
Definition
T5-L2
Term
Where does traveling straight down occur?
Definition
L1-L2
Term
What is the exception to the two-neuron structure of the ANS?
Definition
The innervation of the medulla
Term
What are the 3 main collateral ganglia of the symp division called?
Definition
1. Ciliac
2. Superior mesentric
3. Ingerior mesentric
Term
What are the three main prevertebral ganglia embedded in?
Definition
The autonomic plexus
Term
Where do the paraysymp pathways leave the CNS?
Definition
CN III, VII, IX X and S2, S3, S4
Term
(T/F)The preganglionic ganglia are very long
Definition
True
Term
(T/F) The postganglionic ganglia are also very long?
Definition
False; they are very short, or in the target structure
Term
Where does the parasymp division have its ganglia?
Definition
Near or on the target site
Term
What do nerves CN III, VII, IX, supply?
Definition
The head (Will know the details already)
Term
What does the nerve X supply?
Definition
Thorax to descending colon
Term
What do the nerves S2,3,4 supply?
Definition
Terminal gut, pelvic viscera (bladder and reproductive organs)
Term
What is a requirement to have an effernt message going out?
Definition
An afferent message must come in
Term
(T/F) the afferent neuron wants to take the most efficient way back to the CNS
Definition
True
Term
How does the afferent pathway achieve the shortest pathway?
Definition
Blood vessel to symp trunk to white ramus to spinal nerve into spinal chord then up to the higher CNS for integration
Term
Are the afferent axons myelinated as well? If yes, how do you know?
Definition
Yes; they pass through the white ramus, which only contains myelinated axons
Term
What do the pregang neurons release at the ganglia in the symp division?
Definition
Ach
Term
What do the pregang neurons release at the ganglia in the parasymp division?
Definition
Ach
Term
What do the postgang neurons release at the ganglia in the symp division?
Definition
Noepinephrine/epinephrine (noadrenaline/adrenaline)
Term
What do the postgang neurons release at the ganglia in the parasymp division?
Definition
Ach
Term
(T/F) The postgang neurons in the symp division can synapse with many organs
Definition
True
Term
(T/F) The postgang neurons in the parasymp division can synapse with many organs
Definition
False, because they use Ach
Term
What do the ciliac ganglia innervate?
Definition
Most of the visceral organs in the abdominopelvic cavity
Term
What do the superior mesentric ganglia innervate?
Definition
Small and portions of lrg intestines
Term
What does the inferior mesentric ganglia innervate?
Definition
Kidney, bladder, sex organs, terminal lrg intestine
Term
(T/F) the hypothalamus is the ANS headquarters
Definition
True
Term
(T/F) there is high divergence with the symp pathway, and if true, what is the ratio?
Definition
True, 1:32
Term
(T/F) there is a high divergence of the parasymp pathway, and what is the ratio?
Definition
False, 1:6
Term
The postgang neurons of the symp pathway are (unmyelinated/myelinated)
Definition
Unmyelinated
Term
The postgang neurons of the parasymp pathway are (unmyelinated/myelinated)
Definition
Unmyelinated
Term
What are the ganglia of the parasymp division called?
Definition
Terminal ganglia
Term
How many suprarenal medullae are there?
Definition
2, 1 for each kidney
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