Term
| The ANS consists of neurons that... |
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Definition
1.)innervate smooth and cardiac muscle and glands.
2.)ensure optimal support for body activities.
3.)operate via subconscious control
4.)have viscera as most of their effectors |
|
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Term
| How does the ANS differ from the SNS? |
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Definition
1.)effectors
2.)efferent pathways
3.)target organ responses |
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Term
| The effectors of the SNS are... |
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Definition
|
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Term
| The effectors of the ANS are... |
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Definition
| cardiac, smooth and gland muscles. |
|
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Term
| The efferent pathways in the SNS are... |
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Definition
| heavily myelinated axons extend from the CNS to the effector |
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Term
| The efferent pathways of the ANS are... |
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Definition
| a two neuron chain. The preganglionic neuron has a lightly myelinated axon and the ganglionic neuron extends to an effector organ. |
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Term
| The neurotransmitter effects in the SNS are... |
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Definition
| acetocholine which is excitatory effect. |
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Term
| The neurotransmitter effects in the ANS are... |
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Definition
Preganglionic - Ach
Postganglionic - Norepinephrine or Ach. |
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Term
| The ANS effect on a target organ is dependant upon the... |
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Definition
1.)type of neurotransmitter released
2.)receptor type of the effector released |
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Term
| What are the 2 divisions of the ANS? |
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Definition
1.)Sympathetic
2.)Parasympathetic |
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Term
| The sympathetic _____ the body during extreme situations |
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Definition
|
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Term
| The parasympathetic performs maintenance activities and ______ body energy. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Which division concernd with the D activities? |
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Definition
| Parasympathetic. Digestion, defecation, diuresis. |
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|
Term
| Which division is the "fight or flight" system? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Which division is concerned with the E activities? |
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Definition
| Sympathetic. Exercise, excitement, emergency, embarassment. |
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|
Term
| Where do sympathetic fibers originate? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Where do the parasympathetic fibers originate? |
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Definition
| The brain and sacral spinal cord. |
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Term
| Sympathetic fibers are ____ preganglionic and _____ postganglionic. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Parasympathetic fibers are ____ preganglionic and _____ postganglionic. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Where is the ganglia located in the sympathetic division? |
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Definition
| Closer to the spinal cord. |
|
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Term
| Where is the ganglia located in the parasympathetic division? |
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Definition
| In the visceral effector organs. |
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Term
| A _____ with the ganglionic neuron within the same ganglion. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| _____ or _____ the sympathetic chain to synapse in another chain ganglion. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Pass through the chain ganglion and emerge _____ ______. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| The previous were the three ways a ____________ follows upon entering the prevertebral column. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Is parasympathetic or sympathetic activation long-lasting? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1.)Because norepinephrine is inactivated slower than Ach.
2.) It's an indirectly acting neurotransmitter that uses a second-messenger system
3.)Epinephrine are released into blood and remain there until destroyed by the liver. |
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Term
| What does the sympathetic division control? |
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Definition
| Thermoregulatory responses to heat, release of renin, metabolic effects. |
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Term
| Applying heat to the skin causes ____ _____ of blood vessels. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| A rise in body temperature causes widespread ______ of blood vessels. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| When temperature falls, blood vessels ______ and blood is retained deeper in vital organs. |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| An enzyme that promotes increased blood pressure. |
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Term
| A drop in blood pressure causes your kidneys to release _______. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Renin converts angio... to angiotesin 1 which is modified to the hormone ________ ___. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What does angiotesin 2 stimulate? |
|
Definition
| aldosterone and the adrenal cortex |
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Term
| Aldosterone stimulates _____ and restricts _______ ______. This in turn elevates blood pressure. Ta-da. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| The sympathetic division ____ the metabolic rate of body cells. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| ______ blood glucose levels. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| _______ ____ as a food source. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Stimulates _____, increasing _____ _____. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What are the pathways of the parasympathetic division? |
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Definition
Cranial Nerves.
- III. Oculomotor
- VII. Facial
- IX. Glossopharyngeal
- X. Vagus |
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Term
| What are the physiological responses by the parasympathetic nervous system stimulation? |
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Definition
-Decrease heart rate
-Decrease respiratory rate
-Allow for digestion
-Allow discarding of waste |
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Term
| The main integration center of ANS activity is the _______. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What does the hypothalamus control? |
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Definition
| Heart activity, blood pressure, body temp, water balance, endocrine activity, emotion stages, biological drives, reactions to the fear and "fight or flight" system. |
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