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Autonomic Nervous System
Autonomic
38
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
04/30/2009

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Cards

Term
Function of Autonomic Nervous system
Definition

To regulate smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glands

Term
Characteristics of Autonomic Nervous System
Definition

• Cannot consciously control ANS

• Is a completely motor system

• Is composed of visceral efferent neurons

• Regulated by cortex, hypothalamus and medulla

Term

Examples of visceral effectors:

Definition

• Cardiac muscle

• Smooth muscle

• Glandular epithelium

 

Term

ANS divided into 2 divisions

Definition

Each organ is innervated by both, called dual innervation.

 

1. Sympathetic

2. Parasympathetic divisions

Term

Somatic efferent pathway

Definition

1 neuron leads from CNS to the effector (skeletal muscle)

Term

Autonomic Visceral Efferent Pathways

Definition

• Consist of 2 neurons

• 1 neuron from CNS to ganglion - preganglionic neuron

• 1 neuron from ganglion to effector - postganglionic neuron

Term

preganglionic neuron

Definition

1 neuron from CNS to ganglion

Term

postganglionic neuron

Definition

1 neuron from ganglion to effector

Term

3 Groups of Autonomic Ganglia

Definition

Vertebral chain ganglia

Prevertebral or colateral ganglia

Terminal ganglia

Term

Vertebral chain ganglia

Definition

  • Lies in vertical row on either side of spinal cord
  • Contains 22 ganglia per chain
  • Only receives preganglionic fibers from sympathetic division of ANS

Term

Prevertebral or colateral ganglia

Definition
  • Located anterior to spinal cord and close to abdominal arteries
  • Named for artery in same location
  • Receives preganglionic fibers from sympathetic division
Term

Terminal ganglia

Definition

  • Located at end of visceral efferent pathway close to visceral effectors or within walls of visceral effectors
  • Only receives preganglionic fibers from parasympathetic division

Term

Preganglionic neuron

Definition

  • Cell body located in either brain or spinal cord.
  • The myelinated axon passes out as part of cranial or spinal nerve.
  • Preganglionic axon synapses with cell body or dendrite of postganglionic neuron in the ganglia.

Term

Postganglionic neuron

Definition
  • Lies outside CNS.
  • The cell body and dendrites are located in the autonomic ganglia.
  • The post ganglionic axon is the ummyelinated fiber that travels from the ganglion to the visceral effector
Term

Difference Between Autonomic Ganglia and Dorsal Root Ganglia

Definition

  • Synapse between the preganglionic and postganglionic neurons occurs in the autonomic ganglia.
  • No synapse occurs in dorsal root ganglia.

Term

Sympathetic Division

Definition

  • Called thoracolumbar outflow because preganglionic nerve cell bodies are located in the lateral gray horns of 12 thoracic segments and the first 2 lumbar segments of spinal cord.
  • Most sympathetic responses have wide spread effects on body.

Term

Parasympathetic Division

Definition

  • Called craniosacral outflow.
  • Cell bodies are located in nuclei of cranial nerves III, VII, IX, and X in brain stem and in lateral gray horns of second through fourth sacral segments.
  • Most parasympathetic responses have more localized effects on body.

Term

Where are cell bodies located?  

Definition

in nuclei of cranial nerves III, VII, IX, and X in

brain stem and in lateral gray horns of second through fourth sacral segments.

Term

What responses have more localized effects on body.

Definition

parasympathetic

Term

Neuroeffector Junction

Definition

Junction between neuron and effector

Term

How are neuroeffector junctions classified?

Definition

on basis of the type of transmitter substance produced

Term

What are the neuroeffector transmitter substances that are produced?

Definition

Cholinergic

Adrenergic

Term

Cholinergic

Definition

release acetylcholine

Term
Cholinergic  includes
Definition

  • All sympathetic and parasympathetic preganglionic axons
  • All parasympathetic postganglionic axons
  • Some sympathetic postganglionic axons. Ex., sweat glands, blood vessels in skeletal muscles, skin and external genitalia.

Term

Adrenergic

Definition

releases norepinephrine and includes most sympathetic postganglionic axons

Term

Visceral Autonomic Reflex

Definition

• Receptor

• Afferent neuron

• Association neuron

• Visceral efferent preganglionic neuron

• Visceral efferent postganglionic neuron

• Visceral effector

Term

Examples of Visceral Sensation that Give Rise to Conscious Recognition

Definition

• Hunger

• Nausea

• Fullness of bladder

• Fullness of rectum

Term

Autonomic plexus

Definition

postganglionic axons arranged in a branching network

Term

White rami communicants

Definition

the short connections between the spinal nerves and the sympathetic chain ganglia, through which the preganglionic axons pass

Term

Splanchnic nerves

Definition

preganglionic axons which pass through the vertebral chain ganglia and synapse in

the colateral ganglia.

Term

Comparison of Structural Differences Between the Parasympathetic and Sympathetic Divisions

Definition

The ratio of preganglionic to postganglionic neurons is greater for the sympathetic than the

parasympathetic division

Term

Preganglionic axons are longer for the

Definition
parasympathetic division
Term

postganglionic axons are longer for the

Definition

longer for the sympathetic division

Term

The sympathetic division has a  ________ outflow

Definition

thoracolumbar outflow

Term

the parasympathetic division has a _________outflow

Definition

craniosacral outflow

Term

1. Functional Generalization about the ANS.

Definition

Usually each division produces an opposite effect on a given organ

Term

2. Functional Generalization about the ANS.

Definition

Each division can produce inhibitory or excitatory effects.

Term

3. Functional Generalization about the ANS.

Definition

Sympathetic activity generally prepares the body for physical activity, whereas parasympathetic

activity is more important for vegetative functions

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