Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Autonomic Nervous System
Autonomic study
38
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
05/13/2008

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Somatic Effectors
Definition
Skeletal muscles
Term
Autonomic Effectors
Definition
Cardiac and Smooth Muscles and Glands
Term
Somatic Neurotransmitters
Definition

ACh

(always excitatory) 

Term
Autonomic Neurotransmitters
Definition

ACh (sympathetic)

NE (Parasympathetic) 

Term
Parasympathetic
Definition

(craniosacral)

Resting and Digesting system

Energy Conversation 

Term
Sympathetic ANS Division
Definition

(Thoracolumbar)

Prepares for heightened activity

All systems affected at one time. 

Term
Enteric NS
Definition
Walls of Digestive Tract
Term
Parasympathetic Functions
Definition
  • Decrease Metabolic Rate
  • Decreased Heart Rate and Blood Pressure
  • Increase secretion of saliva and digestive enzymes
  • Increased motility and blood flow to GI Tract
  • Stimulation of urination and defecation
Term
Parasympathetic Division
Definition
  • Preganglionic fibers from cranial nerves and sacral regions of spinal cord
  • Long preganglionic fibers
  • All fibers release ACh

 

Term
Sympathetic functions
Definition
  • Heightened mental alertness
  • Increased metabolic rate
  • Reduced digestive urinary function
  • Activation of energy reserves
  • Increased respiratory rate and dilation of respiratory passageways
  • Increased heart rate and blood pressure
  • Activation of sweat glands

 

Term
Sympathetic Division
Definition

(thoracolumbar)

  • Short preganglionic fibers pass thru rami communicantes and
    • synapse in ganglia OR
    • ascend to descend and synapse OR
    • it passes thru ganglia without synapsing
Term
Sympathetic Chain Ganglia
Definition

Lie on lateral sides of vertebral column

 

Neurons originating here innervate body wall 

Term
Collateral Ganglia
Definition

Innervate abdominopelvic contents

 

Preganglionic fibers pass through sympathetic chain

 

Form Splanchic nerves that pass to collateral ganglia 

Term
Adrenal Medullae
Definition

Center of adrenal glands

 

Cause release of neurotransmittters (Epi and Norepi)

into circulation 

Term
Sympathetic Activation Changes
Definition
  • Stimulation of reticular activating system
  • Feeling of euphoria
  • increased cardiovascular & respiratory center activities (pons and medulla)
  • Elevation of muscle tone
  • Mobilization of energy reserves
Term
Sympathetic stimulation
Definition
  • Alpha receptors
    • NE stimulates more
    • activates enzymes on inside of cell membrane
    • Two Classes
      • Alpha (1) receptors
        • most common
        • causes release of Calcium in cell
      • Alpha (2)
        • results in lowering cAMP
Term
Beta Receptors
Definition
  • Stimulated by Epinephrine & NorEpinephrine
  • Generally increases cAMP levels in cells
  • Found on skeletal muscles, lungs, heart and liver.
Term
Beta (1) receptor
Definition
  • Increase in metabolic activity
  • Increases heart rate
Term
Beta (2) Receptor
Definition
Inhibition/relaxation of smooth muscle of respiratory tract.
Term
Long Visceral Reflex
Definition
Involve higher levels of CNS control.
Term
Short Visceral Reflex
Definition
Type of reflex
 
Bypass CNS
 
Very simple motor responsewith Localized Effects 
 
(involve sensory neurons and interneurons whose cell bodies are located within autonomic ganglia)
 
interneurons synapse on ganglionic neurons and the motor commands are then distributed by postganglionic fiber.
 
 
Term
Sleep
Definition

State of partial unconsciousness.

 

Can be roused by stimulation

 

 

Term

REM

(Rapid Eye Movement) 

Definition

Type of Sleep

 

Active Dreaming 

 

Accompanied by changes in blood presure and respiratory rate.

 

EEG resembles that of an awake state.

 

 

Term

NREM

(Non Rapid Eye Movement) 

Definition

Type of Sleep

 

Deep Sleep

 

Entire body is relax

 

Activity at the cerebral cortex is at a minimum.

 

Heartrate, blood pressure, respiratory rate declines by 30 percent. 

Term
Sleep Patterns
Definition
Alternation between NREM and REM
Term
Memory
Definition

Storage and retrieval for information

 

Essential for learning and behavior 

Term
Short Term Memory
Definition

Working Memory/Primary Memory

 

 Limited to 7 or 8 chunks of information.

 

Information can be recalled immediately

 

 

Term
Long Term Memory
Definition

Type of Memory

 

Limitless capacity

 

Last lifetime. 

Term
Memory Consolidation
Definition
Conversion from short term memory to long term memory
Term
Secondary Memory
Definition
Long Term memories that fade with time and may require considerabe effort to recall
Term
Tertiary Memory
Definition
Long Term memories that are with you for a lifetime.
Term
Fact/declarative memory
Definition

Specific bits of information

 

(names, faces, dates, etc.) 

Term
Skill (procedural memory)
Definition

Learned Motor behaviors

 

Memories become incorporated at the unconscious level

 

Memories related to programmed behavior, such as eating, are stored in the brain stem. 

 

Complex skill memories involved the integration of motor patterns in the basal nuclei, cerebral cortex and cerebellum 

Term
Arousal
Definition

Awakening from sleep

 

Sleep may be ended by any stimulus suffecient enough to activate reticular formation and RAS. 

Term

Reticular Activation System

 

(RAS) 

Definition

Network extends from the medulla oblongta to the mesencephalon

 

Stimulation of (---) produces a widespread activation of the cerebral cortex

 

The greater the stimulation to the mesencephalic region of the RAS, the more alert and attentive the individual will be to incoming sensory information. 

 

 

Term
Visceral Reflex Arc
Definition

Consists of a 

 

Receptor

 

Sensory Neuron

 

Processing Center

(one or more interneurons)

 

2 Visceral motor neurons

 

(ALL POLYSYNAPTIC)

 

EITHER LONG OR SHORT. 

Term
Nicotinic Receptors
Definition

 

Type of ACh Receptor 

 

Postganglionic cell bodies

 

 

 

Located on the surfaces of ganglionic cells of both parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions, also at neuromuscular juntions of Somatic NS.

 

Exposure to ACh causes excitation by the opening of chemically gated channels. 

 

Excitation of muscle fibers or postganglionic cells.

Term
Muscarinic Receptors
Definition

Type of ACh receptor

 

located at neuromuscular and neuroglandular junctions in parasympathetic

 

Cholinergic junctions in SYMPATHETIC

 

THEY ARE G PROTEINS.

 

longer lasting effects than nicotinic receptors.

 

(can be excitatory or inhibitory) 

Supporting users have an ad free experience!