Term
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Definition
| this type of innervation concerns the body wall, ex: skeletal muscle and skin |
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Term
|
Definition
| this type of innervation concerns the internal organs ex: innervation of the heart |
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Term
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Definition
| how many neurons connect the CNS to target tissue with visceral motor innervation(sympathetic/parasympathetic)? |
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Term
| smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands |
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Definition
| what are the target tissues of visceral innervation? |
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Term
| sympathetic and parasympathetic |
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Definition
| what are the 2 components of visceral innervation? |
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Term
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Definition
| increases in ____ innervation are associated with energy expenditure and increased metabolic rate |
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Term
+ increased HR, strength of contraction and stroke volume
+ dilation of coronary arteries => + blood flow to heart
+ dilation of respiratory passages
- constriction of pulmonary arteries
+ increased blood flow to skeletal musc.
- decrease blood to/secretion of digestive organs/glands
+ retention of urine/feces (think constipation here, contract bladder/anal sphincter)
+ increase in sweating
+ important for sexual function |
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Definition
| list the effects of increased sympathetic innervation |
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Term
| sweating - cole said it is like an on/off switch with sympathetic on or off |
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Definition
| what recieves only sympathetic innervation (has no parasympathetic counterpart)? |
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Term
- decreased HR, contraction strength, stroke volume
- constriction of coronary arteries => -decreased blood flow to heart
-constriction of resp. passages
+ dilation of pulmonary arteries
- decreased blood to skeletal musc.
+ increase blood to/secretion of digestive organs/glands
+ increased elimination of urine/feces (relax bladder/anal sphincter)
+ important in sexual function |
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Definition
| list the effects of increased parasympathetic innervation |
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Term
symp: T1-L2 (thoracolumbar) lateral gray horn
para: brain or S2-S4 (craniosacral) lateral gray horn |
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Definition
| where are sympathetic preganglionic cell bodies found? para? |
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Term
| paravertebral -sympathetic trunk, about half way between target and CNS (supposedly with longer post ganglionic neuron) |
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Definition
| where are the ganglia for sympathetics located? |
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Term
|
Definition
| where are the ganglia for parasympathetics located? |
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Term
| sympathetic (para doesn't always - cranial nerves) |
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Definition
| always uses a spinal nerve for innervation |
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Term
| cell body between T1-L2 lateral gray horn -> ventral root (motor) -> spinal nerve proper -> ventral rami -> white ramus communicans -> paravertebral ganglia(thoracic) -> [pre-vertebral ganglia(abdomen)] synapse! -> target tissue (hops out the side of the ganglia) |
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Definition
| describe the path of sympathetic inervation to the thoracic region |
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Term
| thoracic splanchnic/ cardiopulmonary splanchnic nerve |
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Definition
| what is the name of the post ganglioninc neuron in sympathetic thorax innervation (above the diaphragm)? |
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Term
| abdominal splanchnic n. (abdominopelvic splanchnic n.) |
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Definition
| what is the name of the PRE-Ganglionic neuron in abdominal sympathetic innervation (below the diaphragm) |
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Term
| a post ganglionic sympathetic plexus |
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Definition
| what is a prevertebral ganglia? |
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Term
| sympathetic THORACIC visceral motor (and the body wall sympathetics) |
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Definition
| which neuron synapses in the paravertebral ganglia? |
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Term
| sympathetic ABDOMINAL visceral motor |
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Definition
| what neuron synapses in pre-vertebral ganglia? |
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|
Term
| no, abdominal sympathetics are in the prevertebral ganglia so the preganglionic neuron passes through, but does not synapse in the paravertebral ganglia |
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Definition
| do all sympathetics synapse in paravertebral ganglia? |
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|
Term
above T5 = post ganglionic sympathetics
below T5 = preganglionic sympathetics |
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Definition
| nerves coming out of sympathetic chain (paravertebral) ganglia anteriorly above t5 are what? below T5? |
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Term
| sympathetic innervation (post ganglionic neurons) of the body wall in T1-L2 ONLY, no visceral motor!!!! |
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Definition
| what goes through gray rami communicans? |
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Term
|
Definition
| name of the biggest abdominal splanchnic nerve |
|
|
Term
| lumbar and sacral ganglia |
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Definition
| which ganglia do the sympathetics to the pelvis go through? |
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Term
| preganglionic parasympathetic |
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Definition
| the vagus nerve is pre/post ganglionic para/sympathetic |
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Term
|
Definition
| what vessel does the vagus nerve follow in the neck? |
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Term
| right at the target organ (the synapse is microscopic) |
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Definition
| where does the vagus nerve synapse? |
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|
Term
| thoracic and abdominal organs until 2/3 of the way through the transverse colon (pancreas, liver, spleen) |
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Definition
| what does the vagus nerve innervate? |
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Term
| last part of colon, rectum, pelvic organs |
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Definition
| what is innervated by the S2-S4 part of parasympathetics? |
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|
Term
small lateral horn of S2-S4 ->
ventral root (motor) ->
spinal nerve proper ->
ventral rami(epaxial) ->
no rami communicans!, comes out its own side branch to synapse right before the organ |
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Definition
| how does the spinal portion of parasympathetics travel? |
|
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Term
| preganglionic parasympathetic |
|
Definition
| what kind of neuron is the pelvic splanchnic nerve? (not abdominopelvic) |
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|
Term
| brain -> target tissue, may branch near one tissue before going to the next |
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Definition
| describe the path of the vagus nerve |
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|
Term
| it may have some fibers, but it will not synapse or mix with sympathetics |
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Definition
| does the vagus nerve pass through the sympathetic plexi? |
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Term
|
Definition
| in the lower abdomen, what kind of neuron is the parasympathetic neuron you see? (pre/post ganglionic) |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| what are the 2 types of visceral sensations? |
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|
Term
ischemia (no O2)
cramping (prolonged smooth muscle contraction)
distention (stretching) |
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Definition
| what are the stimuli of visceral pain? |
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|
Term
| dull, diffuse, poorly localized |
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Definition
| descriptors of visceral pain |
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Term
|
Definition
| do visceral organs feel cutting or burning or freezing? |
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|
Term
| it can cause bloating and stimulate the visceral stretch receptor => pain |
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Definition
| why does bad gas cause pain? |
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Term
| follow sympathetic pathways backwards to the spinal nerve proper, then dorsal root (just like somatic sensory) |
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Definition
| where do visceral PAIN axons in the thorax and abdomen travel? |
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Term
|
Definition
| where are all visceral pain neuron cell bodies? |
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|
Term
| they follow parasympathetic pathways (pelvic splanchnic n,) backwards to spinal nerve proper then go through dorsal root like somatic sensory |
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Definition
| where do the visceral pain axons for the pelvis travel? |
|
|
Term
-sympathetic/parasympathetic balance
-consciously nausea and hunger (NOT PAIN) |
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Definition
| what do the visceral afferents (other than pain sense?) |
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|
Term
thorax/abs- follow vagus nerve
pelvic- pelvic splanchnic n. just like visceral pain |
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Definition
| what is the path of visceral afferents other than pain for the thorax/abdomen? the pelvis? |
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Term
somatic sensory synapse
visceral pain synapse
visceral afferent synapse |
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Definition
| what is found in the dorsal root ganglia of the abdomen? |
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|
Term
somatic sensory synapse
visceral pain synapse
(no visceral afferent other than pain, they follow the vagus n.) |
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Definition
| what is found in the dorsal root ganglia of the thorax? |
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|
Term
visceral pain cell synapse
visceral afferent synapse
no somatic sympathetics - (they only come out of T1-L2) |
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Definition
| what is found in the dorsal root ganglia of the pelvis? (below L2) |
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|
Term
| no, just sensory-autonomics are motor |
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Definition
| do dorsal root ganglia contain autonomics? |
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Term
| it can be "referred" to the dermatome at the same spinal level, even though there is no real stimulus causing somatic pain (could be a mixing in the spinal cord at the dorsal horn) |
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Definition
| when visceral pain is felt, somatic pain can be felt elsewhere, where? |
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|
Term
| shoulder and arm (and between shoulder blades at base of neck) |
|
Definition
| where is pain from an MI felt? |
|
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Term
| brain takes in visceral pain, but thinks everything in that spinal cord is hurting |
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Definition
| how does referred pain work? |
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|
Term
| right side of the neck and right upper quardant |
|
Definition
| where is liver and gall bladder pain referred to? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| where is lung and diaphragm pain referred to? |
|
|
Term
| below the xiphoid process and mid upper back (between lower parts of scapula) |
|
Definition
| where is stomach pain referred to? |
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|
Term
| left upper quardant of abdomen, and above the waist on the left side of the back |
|
Definition
| where is pancreas pain referred to? |
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|
Term
| either side of the unbillicus |
|
Definition
| where is ovary pain referred to? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| where is appendix pain referred to? |
|
|
Term
| above the pubic symphysis, around the anal opening, and posteriorly between the legs in the upper thigh |
|
Definition
| where is bladder pain referred to? |
|
|
Term
| groin (area where people who don't shave have hair hanging out their bikini) |
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Definition
| where is ureter pain referred to? |
|
|
Term
| HUGE AREA everything that would be covered by ass-less chaps that only go down the thigh half way |
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Definition
| where is kidney pain referred to? |
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|
Term
| area just superior to the umbillicus |
|
Definition
| where is small intestine pain referred to? |
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|
Term
lung/diaphragm
heart
gall bladder/liver
stomach
pancreas
kidney
urinary bladder |
|
Definition
| which organs refer pain to both anterior and posterior areas of the body? |
|
|
Term
| looks about halfway between umbillicus and groin |
|
Definition
| where is colon pain referred to? |
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