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Auburn University A&P I Test 3
Nervous System
61
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
11/09/2011

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Term
nervous system
Definition
the master controlling & communicating system of the body via electrical or chemical means (electrical impulses or chemical neurotransmitters); 3 fcns: integration, sensory, & motor
Term
integration
Definition
thinking & processing; specific to the brain
Term
sensory
Definition
vision, hearing, taste, smell, touch
Term
motor
Definition
something you do after thinking about it (writing, flexing, moving your hand when you touch something hot)
Term
cell types of nervous system (all neurons)
Definition
unpolar neurons, bipolar neurons, & multipolar neurons (motor neurons & interneurons)
Term
unipolar neuron
Definition
only carries SENSORY information for touch, pressure, pain, & temperature
Term
bipolar neuron
Definition
*rare* only carries SENSORY information for vision, hearing, taste, & smell
Term
multipolar neurons
Definition
motor neurons (PNS) + interneurons (CNS)
Term
motor neurons
Definition
multipolar neurons of the PNS that carry impulses away from the CNS
Term
interneurons
Definition
multipolar neurons found in the CNS that occur between motor neurons & sensory neurons; bridges b/w CNS & PNS
Term
sensory neurons
Definition
unipolar neurons (touch, pressure, pain, & temperature) + bipolar neurons (RARE, for vision, hearing, taste, & smell)
Term
CNS
Definition
INTEGRATION (brain + spinal cord)
Term
PNS
Definition
sensory + motor nerves that radiate off of the CNS; 12 pairs of cranial nerves + 31 pairs of spinal nerves
Term
sensory input
Definition
afferent nervous system // signal is carried from PNS to CNS // special senses + somatosensory senses + viscerosensory senses
Term
afferent nervous system
Definition
sensory input // signal is carried from PNS to CNS
Term
special senses
Definition
afferent nervous system // cranial nerves that detect sight, smell, taste, & hearing // BIPOLAR NEURONS
Term
somatosensory senses
Definition
afferent nervous system // body senses // mostly spinal nerves & some cranial nerves used to detect touch, pressure, pain, & temperature // mostly in skeletal muscle muscle & skin // UNIPOLAR NEURONS
Term
viscerosensory senses
Definition
afferent nervous system // visceral senses // spinal nerves used to detect touch & pressure in organs; mostly in cardiac & smooth muscle; stomach cramps, chest pain, & extended temperature exposure that feels like pain..?
Term
motor output
Definition
efferent nervous system // signals are carried from CNS to PNS // somatic nervous system vs. autonomic nervous system (autonomic = sympathetic NS + parasympathetic NS)
Term
efferent nervous system
Definition
motor output // signals are carried from CNS to PNS // somatic nervous system vs. autonomic nervous system (autonomic = sympathetic NS + parasympathetic NS)
Term
somatic nervous system
Definition
(branch of efferent nervous system) voluntary; commands skeletal muscle for motor output
Term
autonomic nervous system
Definition
(branch of efferent nervous system) involuntary; controls cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, & glands; sympathetic (stimulatory) NS + parasympathetic NS (parasympathetic NS)
Term
branch of the nervous system that causes erections
Definition
sympathetic ( + autonomic + efferent)
Term
branch of the nervous system that controls gland secretions
Definition
autonomic NS
Term
sympathetic nervous system
Definition
(autonomic + efferent) stimulatory: speeds up heart rate, breathing, & sweating; fight or flight response
Term
parasympathetic nervous system
Definition
(autonomic + efferent) inhibitory: slows down heart rate, breathing, & sweating; at play when you sleep/rest
Term
neuroglia
Definition
glial cells // support cells of the nervous system: not part of the nervous system, just assist & supports it; support & protect neuron processes & cell bodies; PNS satellite + schwann; CNS oligodendrocytes + astrocytes + microglia + ependymal cells
Term
glial cells
Definition
neuroglia// support cells of the nervous system: not part of the nervous system, just assist & supports it; support & protect neuron processes & cell bodies; PNS satellite + schwann; CNS oligodendrocytes + astrocytes + microglia + ependymal cells
Term
satellite cells
Definition
(neuroglia) wrap around cell bodies in the PNS
Term
schwann cells
Definition
(neuroglia) myelinated cells in the PNS that wrap around long processes, like axons of motor neurons or long dendrites; good conductors of electricity b/c of the myelin
Term
nodes of ranvier
Definition
spaces of exposed axon between Schwann cells
Term
myelin
Definition
a white lipid/protein that insulates cells; outside edge of schwann cells; white matter = myelinated; good conductors of electricity that help conduct electrical impulse faster down than bare axon; little kids don't respond as quickly to impulses b/c their cells aren't fully myelinated until about age 10-12
Term
CNS glial cells
Definition
in brain & spinal cord; oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, microglia, & ependymal cells
Term
oligodendrocytes
Definition
(neuroglia in the CNS) functional equivalent of Schwann cells for the CNS; arms wrap around nervous processes, but oligodendrocytes can myelinate as many process as it has arms for
Term
astrocytes
Definition
(neuroglia in the CNS) form blood-brain barrier; cells that come between capillaries & nerve cells to control substances entering the nervous system via the blood; protectors that screen out toxins like alcohol
Term
microglia
Definition
(neuroglia in the CNS) phagocytic cells that protect the nervous system from harmful bacteria (like WBCs; look like astrocytes)
Term
ependymal cells
Definition
(neuroglia in the CNS) cilliated cells that help make & circulate cerebral spinal fluid & line the ventricles of the brain & spinal cord
Term
neuroglia that wrap around cell bodies in the PNS
Definition
satellite cells
Term
myelinated cells in the PNS that wrap around long processes (like axons of motor neurons or long dendrites)
Definition
schwann cells
Term
spaces of exposed axon between schwann cells in the PNS
Definition
nodes of Ranvier
Term
myelinated cells that wrap around nervous processes in the CNS
Definition
oligodendrocytes
Term
form blood-brain barrier in the brain (CNS)
Definition
astrocytes
Term
phagocytic cells in the CNS that protect the nervous system from harmful bacteria (like WBCs)
Definition
microglia
Term
ciliated cells that make & circulate cerebral spinal fluid & line the ventricles of the brain & spinal canal
Definition
ependymal cells
Term
meninges
Definition
bags around the CNS that hold cerebral spinal fluid
Term
bags around the CNS that hold cerebral spinal fluid
Definition
meninges
Term
cerebral spinal fluid
Definition
protects & supports the CNS, made & circulated by ependymal cells; contained by meninges
Term
epineurium
Definition
DCT covering peripheral nerves; outermost layer covering nerve
Term
perineurium
Definition
DCT covering fascicles
Term
endoneurium
Definition
DCT around individual neural cell processes
Term
Schwann cells are deep/superficial to endoneurium
Definition
deep
Term
white matter of the PNS
Definition
nerves (myelinated long processes)
Term
white matter in CNS (myelinated long processes)
Definition
tracts
Term
gray matter in PNS (unmyelinated cell bodies, short dendrites, small/bipolar neurons)
Definition
ganglia
Term
gray matter in CNS (unmyelinated cell bodies, short dendrites, small/bipolar neurons)
Definition
nuclei
Term
house unmyelinated cell bodies
Definition
dorsal root ganglia
Term
dorsal root processes [afferent/ efferent] information from [unipolar/multipolar] neurons
Definition
afferent; unipolar
Term
ventral root processes [afferent/efferent] information from [unipolar/multipolar] neurons
Definition
efferent; multipolar
Term
one long motor neuron innervating its effector
Definition
somatic nervous system (voluntary; skeletal muscle)
Term
1 short motor neuron + 1 long motor neuron innervating its effector
Definition
sympathetic nervous system (involuntary; stimulatory; cardiac muscle + smooth muscle + glands)
Term
1 long motor neuron + i short motor neuron contained within the effector
Definition
parasympathetic nervous system (involuntary; inhibitory; cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, & glands)
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