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Auburn University A&P I Test 2
muscular system general characteristics
34
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
10/13/2011

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Term
general characteristics of muscular system
Definition
excitability, contractibility, extensibility, elasticity
Term
excitability
Definition
muscles can receive & respond to stimuli
Term
muscles can receive & respond to stimuli
Definition
excitability
Term
contractibility
Definition
muscles shorten & thicken
Term
muscles shorten & thicken
Definition
contraction
Term
extensibility
Definition
muscles can be stretched
Term
muscles can be stretched
Definition
extensibility
Term
elasticity
Definition
after contraction or extension, muscles can return to their original shape
Term
after contraction or extension, muscles can return to their original shape
Definition
elasticity
Term
general functions of muscle
Definition
motion, maintaining posture, & heat production (all done by skeletal muscle)
Term
muscle fiber types
Definition
skeletal, smooth, & cardiac
Term
skeletal muscle fibers
Definition
multinucleated, striated, voluntary, cylindrical cells with zones, bands, & lines (?); attached to skeleton via tendons; fascia
Term
fascia
Definition
tense connective tissue that occurs in sheets & covers all SKELETAL muscle; epimysium + perimysium + endomysium
Term
epimysium
Definition
there is ONE epimysium; outside covering of bundle of fascicles
Term
outside covering of bundle of fascicles
Definition
epimysium
Term
most macro fascia
Definition
epimysium
Term
perimysium
Definition
fascia covering individual fascicles
Term
endomysium
Definition
fascia covering individual muscle fibers (on the cellular level)
Term
most micro fascia
Definition
endomysium
Term
fascia covering individual fascicles
Definition
perimyseum
Term
fascia covering individual muscle fibers
Definition
endomysium
Term
functions of fascia
Definition
keeps muscle from overstretching & helps to return to original shape; carries blood vessels & nerves to individual muscle fibers
Term
cardiac muscle fibers
Definition
uninucleated, striated, voluntary, quadrangular cells with bands, zones, & lines; intercalated discs
Term
intercalated discs
Definition
gap junctions between fibers that allow for all cells to be stimulated simultaneously (atria contract, then ventricles contract, but one signal sets it all in motion)
Term
gap junctions in cardiac muscle fibers
Definition
intercalated discs
Term
smooth muscle fibers
Definition
unstriated, involuntary, consists of 2 layers (circular layer & longitudinal layer) which together do peristalsis
Term
peristalsis
Definition
alternating contractions of circular & longitudinal layers cause wave-like contractions of smooth muscle that move things like food & babies down hollow internal passageways of the body
Term
circular layer
Definition
encircles organs/ surrounds lumen of hollow organs; deeper of 2 layers; contracts to reduce the diameter of the lumen
Term
hollow organs
Definition
organs of respiratory, digestive, urinary, & reproductive tracts; encircled by circular layer of smooth muscle
Term
encircles lumen of hollow organs & contracts to reduce the diameter of the lumen
Definition
circular layer (smooth muscle)
Term
longitudinal layer
Definition
wraps around circular layer; runs longitudinally down tracts; contracts to reduce the length of the tract; more superficial smooth muscle layer
Term
deeper smooth muscle layer
Definition
circular layer
Term
more superficial smooth muscle layer
Definition
longitudinal layer
Term
smooth muscle that contracts to reduce the length of the tract
Definition
longitudinal layer
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