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Auburn University A&P I Test 2
axial skeletal bones
58
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
10/13/2011

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Term
axial skeleton
Definition
80 bones; cranium + facial bones + hyoid + ear ossicles + vertebrae + ribs
Term
skull
Definition
cranium + facial bones
Term
cranium functions
Definition
protects brain + serves as a point of attachment for muscles of head & neck
Term
cranial bones
Definition
frontal + 2 parietals + occipital + 2 temporals
Term
mastoiditis
Definition
mastoid sinus infection, which can lead to brain infection; VERY strong antibiotics prescribed
Term
sutures
Definition
interlocking joints where cranial bones meet; coronal, sagittal, lambdoid, & squamous
Term
frontal bone
Definition
forehead
Term
parietal bones
Definition
L&R sides of cranium
Term
occipital bone
Definition
back of head
Term
temporal bones
Definition
L&R temples, includes mastoid processes
Term
coronal suture
Definition
parietals + frontal bone
Term
sagittal suture
Definition
L parietal + R parietal; cranial midline where parietal bones meet superiorly
Term
lamdoid suture
Definition
occipital bone + parietal bones meet posteriorly
Term
squamous suture
Definition
parietal bones + temporal bones meet on lateral aspects of skull
Term
functions of facial bones
Definition
framework for face; contain cavities for sensory organs (sight, smell, taste); openings for passage of food & air; secure teeth: ALVEOLI= sockets that hold teeth in maxilla & mandible
Term
alveoli
Definition
sockets that hold teeth in maxilla & mandible
Term
sockets that hold teeth in maxilla & mandible
Definition
alveoli
Term
14 facial bones
Definition
mandible + vomer + maxilla + 2 palatines + 2 zygomatics + 2 lacrimal + 2 nasal + 2 inferior nasal concha
Term
hyoid bone
Definition
origin of tongue muscle & the ONLY bone that does not articulate with any other bone in the body; secured by connective tissue & ligaments
Term
origin of tongue muscle
Definition
hyoid bone
Term
only bone that does not articulate with any other bone
Definition
hyoid
Term
secures hyoid bone
Definition
connective tissue & ligaments
Term
ear ossicles
Definition
*lateral* malleus (hammer) + incus (anvil) + stapes (stirrup) *medial* ; gill bars of embryo make hyoid bone, ear ossicles, & larynx
Term
gill bars of embryo
Definition
form hyoid bone, ear ossicles, & larynx
Term
forms hyoid bone, ear ossicles, & larynx
Definition
gill bars of embryo
Term
ear ossicles, medial to lateral
Definition
stapes, incus, malleolus
Term
ear ossicles, lateral to medial
Definition
malleolus, incus, stapes
Term
processes
Definition
anchor points for muscles & ligaments
Term
foramen
Definition
where blood vessels & nerves pass through vertebrae
Term
fossa
Definition
depression or hollow in bone
Term
5 types of vertebrae
Definition
cervical (7); thoracic (12); lumbar (5); sacrum (5 fused); coccyx (4 fused)
Term
bird's beak
Definition
tip of coccyx
Term
atlas
Definition
C1 vertebra
Term
axis
Definition
C2 vertebra
Term
cervical vertebrae
Definition
foramina in transverse processes
Term
thoracic vertebrae
Definition
spinous process is inferiorly angled; body is heart-shaped; all articulate with the ribs
Term
lumbar vertebrae
Definition
short & hatchet-shaped
Term
sacrum
Definition
triangular shaped bone w/ 4 sacral foramina
Term
coccyx
Definition
4 fused vertebrae, no foramina
Term
scoliosis
Definition
abnormal lateral curvature of vertebrae; most commonly occurs in THORACIC vertebrae, in females; typically shows up in puberty but can be corrected with surgery or back brace if caught before epiphyseal plates have fused
Term
abnormal lateral curvature of vertebral column
Definition
scoliosis
Term
kyphosis
Definition
dorsally exaggerated curvature; most common in elderly; result of osteoporosis & muscle atrophy
Term
dorsally exaggerated curvature
Definition
kyphosis
Term
hunchback
Definition
kyphosis
Term
lordosis
Definition
exaggerated anterior curvature of lumbar region; commonly developed but easily corrected, especially in pregnant women & men with beer bellies
Term
exaggerated anterior curvature of lumbar spine
Definition
lordosis
Term
back problem common in pregnant women & men with beer bellies
Definition
lordosis
Term
herniated/slipped disc
Definition
rupture of outer interverebral disc & protrusion of inner disc; pressure on nerves; causes loss of sensation or extreme pain; new outpatient treatment, no anesthesia, laser vaporizes fluid
Term
rupture of outer intervertebral disc & protrusion of inner disc
Definition
"herneated/ slipped disc"; applies pressure to nerves, which causes either loss of sensation or extreme pain. new outpatient treatment: laser vaporizes fluid
Term
ribs
Definition
12 pairs (24 ribs) connect to manubrium, sternum, & xiphoid process
Term
rib pairs 1-7
Definition
true ribs: all articulate with sternum via 1:1, w/ costal cartilage
Term
true ribs
Definition
pairs 1-7; all articulate with sternum via 1:1, w/ cartilage
Term
pairs 8-12
Definition
false ribs; do not articulate directly w/ sternum, instead articulate w/ previous rib or previous cartilage
Term
false ribs
Definition
pairs 8-12; do not articulate directly w/ sternum, instead articulate w/ previous rib or previous cartilage
Term
pairs 8-10
Definition
joined to sternum via costal cartilage NOT ARTICULATING
Term
joined to sternum via costal cartilage (NOT ARTICULATING)
Definition
rib pairs 8-10
Term
pairs 11 & 12
Definition
floating ribs
Term
floating ribs
Definition
pairs 11&12
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