Term
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Definition
| hardening process from cartilage to bone |
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Term
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Definition
| embryological material- mesenchyme; ossification type- intramembranous; structure- mostly spongy bone within thin coat of compact bone; examples: all skull bones, sternum, scapula, ribs |
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| skull bones + sternum + scapula + ribs |
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Definition
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Term
| bones that come from mesenchyme (embryological material) |
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Definition
| flat bones + irregular bones (via intramembranous ossification) |
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| flat bones embryological material |
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Definition
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| flat bones ossification type |
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Definition
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Definition
| mostly spongy bone within thin coat of compact bone |
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Definition
| all skull bones, sternum, scapula, ribs |
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Definition
| embryological material- mesenchyme; ossification type- intramembranous; structure- mostly spongy bone within thin coat of compact bone; examples- vertebrae & hip bones |
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| irregular bones embryological material |
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Definition
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| irregular bones structure |
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Definition
| mostly spongy bone within thin coat of compact bone |
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Definition
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Definition
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| mostly spongy bone within thin coat of compact bone |
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Definition
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Definition
| embryological material- hyaline cartilage; ossification type- endochondrial; structure- cube-shaped, mostly spongy with a thin coat of compact bone |
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Term
| short bones embryological material |
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Definition
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Term
| short bones ossification type |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| cube-shaped, mostly spongy with a thin coat of compact bone |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| embryological material- hyaline cartilage; ossification type- endochondrial; examples- femur, tibia, fibula, humerus, radius, ulna; characteristics- articular cartilage, epiphyses, diaphysis, periosteum, endosteum |
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Term
| long bones embryological material |
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Definition
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Term
| long bones ossification type |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| femur, tibia, fibula, humerus, radius, ulna |
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Term
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Definition
| hyaline cartilage at the ends of long bones |
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Term
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Definition
| distal & proximal ends of long bones, mostly made up of spongy bone; contains red marrow, which does hematopoiesis [blood cell formation]; sternum- becomes a major location for hematopoiesis in adults |
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Term
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Definition
| example of flat bone; becomes a major location of hematopoiesis in later adulthood |
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Term
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Definition
| blood cell formation; occurs in red marrow (in epiphyses & diaphyses of long bones) & in sternum in later adulthood |
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Term
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Definition
| does hematopoiesis (blood cell formation); located in epiphyses & diaphyses of long bones |
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Term
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Definition
| shaft of long bone, made of compact bone; contains red & yellow marrow; red marrow does hematopoiesis & yellow marrow (contained in medullary cavity) does fat & energy storage |
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Term
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Definition
| fat & energy storage; located in diaphyses of long bones |
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Term
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Definition
| outer/ fibrous layer + inner/osteogenic layer |
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Term
| outer/ fibrous layer of periosteum |
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Definition
| dense connective tissue; protection, also from infection |
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Term
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Definition
| osteoprogenitor cells + osteoblasts + osteoclasts |
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Term
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Definition
| MITOTIC; give rise to osteoblasts (inner, osteogenic layer of periosteum, & in endosteum, which is contained in medullary cavity) |
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Term
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Definition
| NON-MITOTIC; cells that build bone & kill cartilage; transformation from cartilage to bone; turn into osteocytes; (found in inner/osteogenic layer of periosteum & in endosteum, which is contained in the medullary cavity) |
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Term
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Definition
| NON-MITOTIC; break down & shape bone, form medullary cavity, mobilize Ca & P salts; monocytes give rise to osteoclasts; found in inner, osteogenic layer of periosteum & in endosteum, which is contained in the medullary cavity |
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Term
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Definition
| white blood cells that give rise to osteoclasts |
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Term
| intramembranous ossification |
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Definition
| embryological material- mesenchyme; sheets of soft mesenchyme invaded by blood vessels in utero; osteoprogenitor cells, osteoblasts, & osteoclasts start building & breaking down bone matrix; bone type- flat bones & irregular bones; examples- skull bones, scapula, sternum, ribs (<- flat) & vertebrae & hip bones <- irregular |
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Term
| intramembranous ossification embryological material |
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Definition
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Term
| intramembranous ossification mechanism |
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Definition
| soft sheets of mesenchyme invaded by blood vessels in utero; osteoprogenitor cells, osteoblasts, & osteoclasts start building & breaking down bone matrix |
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Term
| intramembranous ossification bone type |
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Definition
| flat bones & irregular bones |
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Term
| examples of bones from intramembranous ossification |
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Definition
| skull bones, scapula, ribs, sternum// vertebrae & hips |
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Term
| endochondrial ossification |
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Definition
| embryological material- hyaline cartilage; mechanism- middle of hyaline cartilage becomes invaded by blood vessels "primary ossification center"; osteoprogenitor cells, osteoblasts, & osteoclasts present- osteoblasts start to make bone & kill off hyaline cartilage, & osteoclasts shape out medullary cavity; secondary ossification center: takes place at ends of cartilage & gives rise to epiphyses; epiphyseal plates; zones; bone type- long bones & short bones |
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Term
| endochondrial ossification embryological material |
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Definition
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Term
| endochondrial ossification mechanism |
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Definition
| middle of hyaline cartilage becomes invaded by blood vessels: "primary ossification center"; osteoprogenitor cells give rise to osteoblasts; osteoblasts start to make bone & kill off hyaline cartilage; & osteoclasts shape out medullary cavity; secondary ossification center takes place at ends of cartlage & gives rise to epiphyses |
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Term
| osteoblasts role in endochondrial ossification |
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Definition
| start to make bone & kill of hyaline cartilage |
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Term
| osteoclasts role in endochondrial ossification |
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Definition
| shape out medullary cavity |
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Term
| secondary ossification center |
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Definition
| takes place at ends of cartilage & gives rise to epiphyses |
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Term
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Definition
| band of hyaline cartilage at junction of diaphysis & epiphyses that allow for growth of long bones |
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Term
| zones at proximal end of long bones, proximal- distal |
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Definition
| zone of resting cartilage- zone of mitotic cartilage/proliferation- zone of hypertrophy (enlarging cells) - zone of calcified matrix (invaded by osteoprogenitor cells, osteoblasts, & osteoclasts) |
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Term
| bone type for endochondrial ossification |
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Definition
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Term
| examples of bones that undergo endochondrial ossification |
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Definition
| humerus, tibia, fibula, humerus, wrists, ankles |
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Term
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Definition
| protection, support, movement, MINERAL STORAGE, BLOOD PRODUCTION, ENERGY STORAGE |
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Term
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Definition
| NON-MITOTIC, embedded in bone |
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Term
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Definition
| come from monocytes (WBCs); non-mitotic; shape bone by chiseling; carve out medullary cavity by: *secretes enzymes & acids *enzymes break down proteins * acids dissolve CaPO4 salts * releases salts into bloodstream * specificallt shapes MATRIX (osteons of compact bone & trabeculae of spongy bone) |
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Term
| osteons/haversian systems |
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Definition
| 35% collagen (organic component of skeletal system); collagen gives flexibility & tensile strength. 65% CaPO4 salts (inorganic components of skeletal system); salts give strength against compression |
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Term
| collagen concentration in osteons |
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Definition
| 35%--> collagen gives flexibility & tensile strength; bone is as strong as steel in resistance to being pulled apart |
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Term
| CaPO4 salt concentration in osteons |
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Definition
| 65%--> strength against compression; bone has 1/2 strength of steel against compression |
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Term
| functions of skeletal system |
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Definition
| protection, support, movement, MINERAL STORAGE, BLOOD PRODUCTION, ENERGY STORAGE |
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Term
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Definition
| brittle bones: more common in women b/c of drop in estrogen after menopause |
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Term
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Definition
| determines composition of spongy bone vs. compact bone; all bones have both compact & spongy bone |
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