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Auburn University A&P I Test 2
lecture 10: membranes, epidermis, dermis
38
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
10/11/2011

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Term
serous membrane
Definition
line surfaces that do NOT open to the outside; epithelial tissue + connective tissue
Term
smallest organ
Definition
membrane (2 tissues)
Term
mucous membrane
Definition
epithelial tissue + connective tissue
Term
cutaneous membrane
Definition
(skin) epithelial tissue + connective tissue
Term
synovial membrane
Definition
connective tissue + connective tissue
Term
epithelial tissue + connective tissue
Definition
serous, mucous, & cutaneous membranes
Term
connective tissue + connective tissue
Definition
synovial membrane
Term
largest of organs
Definition
skin (7% of body weight)
Term
integumentary system function
Definition
protection from bacteria, water, UV rays; makes vitamin D, which is important for Ca+ absorption; excretes wastes; millions of sensory inputs
Term
3 regions of skin
Definition
epidermis + dermis + hypodermis
Term
skin layers (superficial to deep)
Definition
epidermis, dermis, hypodermis/adipose, dense connective tissue, muscle
Term
skin layers (deep to superficial)
Definition
muscle, dense connective tissue, adipose tissue/ hypodermis, dermis, epidermis
Term
epidermis
Definition
cutaneous membrane (ET+CT)
4 (5) layers, superficial to deep: stratum basale, stratum spinosum, (stratum lucidum in palms & soles of feet), stratum granulosum, stratum corneum
Term
stratum basale
Definition
(most superficial layer of epidermis) mitogenic simple cuboidal cells; new cells push older cells up; 20 % melanocytes; epidermal derivatives in stratum basale
Term
melanocytes
Definition
20% of stratum basale; contain melanin & inject it into keratinocytes; melanin can project black, brown, yellow, red, yellow, or a combination of those--> SKIN TONES
Term
epidermal derivatives
Definition
cells that get pushed down (10% of stratum basale); interactions b/w CT & ET to change or form a new product (hair, glands, nails, horns)
Term
hair cortex
Definition
keratin w/ injected melanin
Term
cuticle
Definition
keratin that has become harder
Term
medulla
Definition
chamber for air in hair (?)
Term
papilla
Definition
part of the dermis; mitogenic, constantly shedding
Term
arrector pilli
Definition
SMOOTH muscle that causes goosebumps for warmth or larger appearance (like when dogs show dominance)
Term
glands
Definition
epidermal derivatives; sebaceous, sweat, seruminous, mammary
Term
sebaceous glands
Definition
epidermal derivatives; multicellular holocrine alveolar (??) glands; secrete oil in whole cells
Term
sweat glands
Definition
epidermal derivatives; multicellular merocrine/ eccrine & tubular: secrete fluid-like substances (like sweat)
Term
seruminous glands
Definition
epidermal derivatives; multicellular holocrine & alveolar; secrete ear wax
Term
mucin glands
Definition
epidermal derivatives; UNICELLULAR goblet cells (secrete mucous)
Term
mammary glands
Definition
epidermal derivatives; secrete milk; multicellular apocrine & alveolar (secretes portions of cells)
Term
poryphryia
Definition
disease that affects hemoglobin production--> pt needs blood --> pt tends to be sensitive to light & sun; symptoms= pale skin, retreating gums, excessive body hair growth, sensitivity to garlic --> werewolf & vampire suspicion
Term
stratum spinosum
Definition
(2nd most superficial layer of epidermis) cuboidal cells shrink b/c of lack of nutrients, & as they die, they produce keratin--> waterproofs body
Term
stratum lucidum
Definition
(only present in palms of hands & soles of feet; middle of 5 layers of epidermis) adds thickness for extra protection
Term
stratum granulosum
Definition
(2nd deepest layer of epidermis) little granular balls of keratin; keratinocytes= small cells full of keratin
Term
stratum corneum
Definition
(deepest layer of epidermis) flattened keratinocytes referred to as squamous cells
Term
dermis
Definition
(skin; deep to epidermis) papillary region + reticular region
Term
papillary region
Definition
(dermis) makes up 20% of dermis; forms ridges; highly innervated; highly vascularized
Term
reticular region
Definition
(dermis) makes up 80% of dermis; collagen fibers + dense connective tissue; stretches & returns to original shape--> whether or not you get stretch marks depends on how many elastic fibers you have in the reticular region of your dermis
Term
epidermis membrane type
Definition
cutaneous
Term
dermis membrane type
Definition
cutaneous
Term
hypodermis
Definition
underlying layer of fat; superficial fascia
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