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Auburn University A&P I Test 2
axial & appendicular muscles
123
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
10/07/2011

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Term
prime movers//agonists
Definition
cause specific movements [ex: bicep flexes arm]
Term
antagonists
Definition
opposes, reverses, or steadies a movement [ex: tricep vs. bicep, sternocleidomastoid vs. splenius capitus, teres minor vs. subscapularis]
Term
synergists
Definition
assist prime movers by adding extra force and preventing unwanted movements
Term
fixators
Definition
immobilizers of bone and muscle origins
Term
origin//anchor
Definition
point of attachment that stays fixed during contraction
Term
insertion
Definition
movable attachment of a muscle, the opposite end from the origin
Term
epicranus
Definition
(head) raises eyebrows
Term
galea aponeurotica
Definition
(head) large aponeurosis connecting anterior & posterior epicranius
Term
temporalis
Definition
(head) elevates and retracts jaw
Term
orbicularis oculi
Definition
(head) closes eyes
Term
orbicularis oris
Definition
(head) puckers lips
Term
masseter
Definition
(head) large muscle that clenches the jaw
Term
buccinator
Definition
(head) compresses cheek, sucking
Term
risorius
Definition
(head) laughing--> widest possible smile
Term
corrugator
Definition
(head) frowning/furrowing brow
Term
mentalis
Definition
(head) depresses lower lip/ "pouting"
Term
platysema
Definition
(neck) tenses skin of neck
Term
sternocleidomastoid
Definition
(neck) flexes & laterally rotates the head
** antagonist to splenius capitus
Term
splenius capitus
Definition
(neck) prime mover of head, does everything except flexion & lateral rotation of head
**antagonist to sternocleidomastoid
Term
trapezius
Definition
(neck & back) raises, retracts, and rotates scapula; shrugging & slumping shoulders
Term
pectoralis major (L&R)
Definition
(torso) any pushing, throwing, climbing
Term
pectoralis minor (L&R)
Definition
(torso) protracts scapula: hugging
deep & slightly superior to pectoralis major
Term
Serratus
Definition
(torso) zigzag muscle in ribs; primary mover of scapula, especially assists in scapula protraction
Term
internal intercostals
Definition
(torso, deep to external intercostals, between ribs)
exhalation: compression & slight depression of ribs
Term
external intercostals
Definition
(torso, lay on top of internals, # formation)
inhalation: expansion & slight elevation of ribs
Term
diaphragm
Definition
(torso) moves ribs apart during inhalation
Term
rectus abdominis
Definition
(abs) flexing torso: situps & crunches
Term
transverse abdominis
Definition
(abs) compresses abdominal contents
Term
external obliques
Definition
(abs) trunk rotation & lateral flexion
Term
internal obliques
Definition
(abs) synergists--> help with all ab functions
Term
latissimus dorsi
Definition
**lats**swimmer's muscle** (back) primary arm extension, extends arm backwards
Term
iliocostalis
Definition
(back) most lateral of thin 3; primary back extension muscles, deep to lats
Term
longissimus
Definition
(back) between iliocostalis & spinalis in thin 3; primary back extension muscles, deep to lats
Term
spinalis
Definition
(back) most medial of thin 3; primary back extension muscles, deep to lats
Term
levator scapulae
Definition
elevates scapula (shrugging)
Term
rhomboid major
Definition
(back) retraction of shoulders (standing at attention); connects medial side of scapula to lateral side of spine
Term
trapezius does/ does not do for shoulder blade
Definition
does: elevation (+ levator scapulae), depression (+ pectoralis minor), & retraction (+ rhomboids)
does not do PROTRACTION
Term
serratus + pectoralis minor
Definition
protraction of the shoulder blade
Term
protraction of the shoulder blade
Definition
serratus + pectoralis minor
Term
supraspinatus
Definition
(rotator cuff) weak abductor, picking up a suitcase
Term
infraspinatus
Definition
(rotator cuff) lateral rotator of the shoulder (elbow facing up or down)
Term
teres minor
Definition
(rotator cuff) lateral rotator of shoulder
**antagonish to subscapularis
Term
subscapularis
Definition
(rotator cuff) medial rotator of shoulder
** antagonist to teres minor
Term
back muscles
Definition
torso extensors
Term
ab muscles
Definition
torso flexors
Term
raising eyebrows
Definition
epicranus **galea aponeurotica = aponeurosis connecting anterior & posterior epicranus
Term
elevates & retracts jaw
Definition
temporalis
Term
orbicularis oculi
Definition
closes eye
Term
orbicularis oris
Definition
puckers lips
Term
clenches jaw
Definition
masseter
Term
compresses cheek (sucking)
Definition
buccinator
Term
laughing, smiling as widely as possible
Definition
risorius
Term
frowning, furrowing brow
Definition
corrugator
Term
depresses lower lip, "pouting"
Definition
mentalis
Term
tenses skin of neck
Definition
platysema
Term
flexes & laterally rotates head
Definition
sternocleidomastoid **antagonist to splenius capitus
Term
prime mover of head, does everything except flexion & lateral rotation
Definition
splenius capitus ** antagonist to sternocleidomastoid
Term
raises, retracts, and rotates scapula; shrugging and slumping shoulders
Definition
trapezius
Term
any pushing, throwing, or climbing motion
Definition
pectoralis major
Term
protracts scapula, hugging
Definition
pectoralis minor + serratus
Term
exhalation
Definition
internal intercostals
Term
inhalation
Definition
external intercostals
Term
moves ribs apart during inhalation
Definition
diaphragm
Term
flexes torso, situps & crunches
Definition
rectus abdominis
Term
compresses abdominal contents
Definition
transverse abdominis
Term
trunk rotation & lateral flexion
Definition
external obliques
Term
abdominal synergists
Definition
internal obliques
Term
primary arm extension
Definition
latissimus dorsi//lats//swimmer's muscle
Term
primary back extension muscles
Definition
iliocostalis (lateral), longissimus, & spinalis (medial)
Term
elevates scapula (shrugging)
Definition
levator scapulae +trapezius
Term
retraction of shoulders (standing at attention)
Definition
rhomboids + trapezius
Term
depression of shoulder blade
Definition
trapezius + pectoralis minor
Term
weak abductor of shoulder (pucking up a suitcase)
Definition
supraspinatus (rotator cuff)
Term
lateral rotators of shoulder
Definition
infraspinatus & teres minor
Term
medial rotator of shoulder
Definition
subscapularis (rotator cuff)
Term
flexes arm forward
Definition
pectoralis major
Term
extends arm backwards
Definition
latissimus dorsi **swimmer's muscle
Term
deltoid
Definition
prime mover or arm abduction
Term
arm abduction
Definition
deltoid
Term
biceps brachii
Definition
prime mover of biceps, flexes arm
Term
flexes arm
Definition
biceps brachii + brachialis + brachioradialis
Term
triceps brachii
Definition
extensor of arm
Term
extends arm
Definition
triceps brachii + anconeus
Term
brachialis
Definition
(mid-humerus to superior radius) synergist to biceps; flexes arm
Term
brachioradialis
Definition
(humerus to radius) synergist to biceps, flexes arm
Term
anconeus
Definition
(distal humerus to superior ulna, over elbow) synergist to triceps, extends arm
Term
pronator teres
Definition
(humerus to radius, over elbow) co-agonist to medial rotation/pronation (with pronator quadratus)
Term
pronator quadratus
Definition
(ulna to radius @ wrist) co-agonist to medial rotation/ pronation of lower arm
Term
medial rotation of lower arm
Definition
pronator teres + pronator quadratus
Term
muscles of lower arm that go over elbow
Definition
anconeus (extension) + pronator teres (medial rotation/ pronation)
Term
adduction of arm
Definition
gravity + pectoralis major + latissimus dorsi
Term
gravity + pectoralis major + latissimus dorsi
Definition
adduction of arm
Term
supinator
Definition
(humerus to radius) lateral rotation of lower arm/ supination
Term
iliopsoas
Definition
(hip) flexion; picks knee up (antagonist to gluteus maximus)
Term
antagonist to gluteus maximus
Definition
iliopsoas
Term
gluteus maximus
Definition
(hip) extension; standing up straight (antagonist to iliopsoas)
Term
antagonist to iliopsoas
Definition
gluteus maximus (+gluteus meduas & gluteus minimus)
Term
hip extension & medial rotation
Definition
gluteus maximus + gluteus medias + gluteus minimus
Term
gluteus medias
Definition
(superior to gluteus maximus) synergist to gluteus maximus; hip flexion & medial rotation
Term
gluteus minimus
Definition
(deep to gluteus maximus) synergist to gluteus maximus; hip flexion & medial rotation
Term
fascia lata
Definition
divides upper leg into 3 compartments: medial, posterior, & anterior
Term
tensor fascia lata
Definition
hip abductor (swings leg out); antagonist to adductors magnus, longus, & brevis + pectineus
Term
adductor magnus
Definition
hip adduction; antagonist to tensor fascia lata
Term
adductor longus
Definition
hip adduction; antagonist to tensor fascia lata
Term
adductor brevis
Definition
hip adduction; antagonist to tensor fascia lata
Term
pectineus
Definition
hip adduction; antagonist to tensor fascia lata
Term
hip adduction
Definition
adductor magnus + adductor longus + adductor brevis + pectineus (+ weak adduction from gracilis)
Term
gracilis
Definition
(knee) weak adductor & weak knee flexor
Term
weak hip adduction + weak knee flexion
Definition
gracilis
Term
hamstrings
Definition
extend hip & flex knee
* semimembranous + semitendinosus + biceps femoris
Term
semimembranous
Definition
hamstring; extends hip & flexes knee
Term
semitendinosus
Definition
hamstring; extends hip & flexes knee
Term
biceps femoris
Definition
hamstring; extends hip & flexes knee
Term
extends hip & flexes knee
Definition
hamstrings (semimembranous + semitendinosus + biceps femoris)
Term
flexes hip & extends knee
Definition
quadriceps femoris (vastus lateralis + vastus intermedius + vastus medialis + rectus femoris)
Term
quadriceps femoris
Definition
cross 2 joints: hip & knee; flexors of hip & extensors of knee; vastus lateralis + vastus medialis + vastus intermedius + rectus femoris)
Term
vastus lateralis
Definition
quadriceps femoris; hip flexor & knee extensor
Term
vastus medialis
Definition
quadriceps femoris; hip flexor & knee extensor
Term
vastus intermedius
Definition
quadriceps femoris; hip flexor & knee extensor
Term
rectus femoris
Definition
quadriceps femoris; hip flexor & knee extensor
Term
sartorius
Definition
**longest muscle in body; flexes, abducts laterally, rotates thigh, flexes knee (sitting cross-legged)
Term
longest muscle in body
Definition
sartorius
Term
flexes hip, abducts thigh laterally, rotates thigh, & flexes knee
Definition
sartorius
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