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Athletic Training Final
Upper extremeties and Lower extremeties
78
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
06/10/2010

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Cards

Term
Sacroiliac (SI) Joint causes pain where?
Definition
In the back
Term
The Femoral Triangle is made up of what and what is inside the triangle?
Definition
The Sartorius, Inguneal Ligament, Adductor Longus. Inside the triangle is the Femoral vein, artery and nerve
Term
The Function of the Hip, Pelvis and Thigh
Definition
1. Protect internal organs 2. Transmits loads between trunk and lower extremity 3. Muscle Attachments
Term
3 Injuries to Hip, Plevis and Thigh
Definition

1. generally limited to strains and contusions

2. contact sports

3. sports with explosive stopping and starting

Term
MOI's for Quad and Hams
Definition
Didn't warm up, Poor flexibility, Fatigue, Quad/Ham ratio-imbalance, Sudden change of direction or speed, Sudden change of temperature
Term
Gracilis, Pectineus, Adductors are what kind of groin strains?
Definition
Common
Term
Iliopsoas group strain is what kind of strain?
Definition
True groin strain
Term
MOI's for grion strains
Definition
sudden direction changes (external rotation) overextension or forced contraction
Term
Signs and Symptoms of groin strain
Definition
Hemorrhage or disfunction
Term
Bursitis of the Greater trochanteric, Iliopsoas is followed with what signs and symptoms?
Definition
Snapping hip Syndrome, Pain with activity
Term
What is osteitis pubis?
Definition
inflammation of pubic symphysis cartilage
Term
Causes of Femur Stress Fractures?
Definition
low bone density, low calcium deposits, amenorrhea, overuse increase in training, females are more susceptible
Term
Femur Fracture (S/S), Treatment
Definition

(S/S) deformity, hemorrhaging

Treat- Immobilze, EMS, check vitals

Term
Avulsion fractures of the AIIS, ASIS, ischial tuberosity. Who is more susceptible? What is the MOI?
Definition
Young people are more susceptible and the MOI is sudden contraction or stretch
Term
Hip Dislocation not very common since it has great stability but what is the MOI?
Definition
knee driven into the ground, forced twisting
Term
What is Legg-Perthes disease?
Definition
a avascular necrosis of proximal femur, no blood supply to femoral head
Term
Muscular injury to Hamstrings or Quads can lead to what?
Definition
Myositis Ossificans- bone growth in the muscle
Term
Bursistis to the Bicipital or Olecranon(most frequent) is caused by what?
Definition
Caused by hit on area or overuse
Term
What is Tennis Elbow?
Definition
Lateral Epicondylitis- eccentric overload of the wrist extensors, treated with tennis elbow band
Term
Forearm splints are caused by what?
Definition
Inflammation of a muscle in the forearm affecting/pushing on the other muscles in there
Term
What is Volkman's essemic contraction?
Definition
pressure is put on the brachial artery and median nerve causing a finger/wrist flexion
Term
4 signs/symptoms of Volkman's essemic contraction
Definition
pulse, parastesia, palor (paleness), pain with finger extension
Term
Osteochondrosis and Osteochondritis are types of arthritis Panner's disease and loose bodies are prevalent in what age group?
Definition

Panner's Diseas- kids less then 10

loose bodies- older kids, locking and clicking involved

Term
What is little league elbow?
Definition

Apophysitis, stress fractures, avulsions.

The onset is slow and causes locking and catching

Term
Most commonly fractured bone in the wrist?
Definition
scaphoid
Term
Bone in the wrist that gets dislocated?
Definition
Lunate
Term
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome caused by what? With what S/S?
Definition
Caused by compression of median nerve, putting to much pressure on finger flexors in carpal tunnel. S/S numbness palmar thumb, index middle fingers, dull ache, weak finger flexion
Term
Special tests for Carpal Tunnel
Definition
Tinel's sign and Phalen's
Term
What is a Colles' Fractures?
Definition
Distal fracture of the radius or ulna caused by falling forward on outstrecthed hand, you can tell what happened by silver fork deformity
Term
What is a Smith's Fracture?
Definition
Fracture of distal radius/ulna caused by falling backwards on arm, S/S is garden spade deformity- radius and ulna anteriorly displaced
Term
What is Subungual hematoma?
Definition
Contusion to fingernail- blood accumulates under the nail
Term
What is gamekeeper's thumb?
Definition
Sprain of UCL of the 1st MCP
Term
What is boxer's fracture?
Definition
fracture of base or neck of 5th metatarsal
Term
What is Mallet Finger?
Definition
Rupture of extensor tendon at DIP
Term
Boutenniere Deformity
Definition
rupture of extensor tendon at PIP-hyperflexed
Term
What is Trigger Finger?
Definition
inflammation of flexor tendon
Term
What is Jersey Finger?
Definition
Rupture of flexor digitorum profundus tendon
Term
The three scapular movements?
Definition

1. Protraction and Retraction

2. Elevation and Depression

3. Upward and Downward rotation

Term
Four movements of the Glenohumeral Joint?
Definition

1. Flexion and Extension

2. Abduction and Adduction

3. Horizontal abduction and adduction

4. Internal and External Rotation

Term
SC joint
Definition
Sternoclavicular Joint
Term
AC joint
Definition
Acromioclavicular joint
Term
Motion of upper Trapezius
Definition

1. Shoulder elevation

2. Same side bender

3. Assist scapular elevation and upward rotation

Term
Motion of middle Trapezius
Definition
Scapular retractor
Term
Motion of lower trapezius
Definition

1. Scapular depressor

2. Scapular upward rotator

Term
Motion of Deltoid Muscles
Definition
1. Major one is Abduction
Term
What is part of the rotator cuff?
Definition
Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres Minor and Subscapularis
Term
Functions of the Rotator cuff?
Definition

1. Stabilise the relatively large humeral head in the glenoid

2. Inferior translation to prevent the humerus

3. Compression into the glenoid

Term
Humeral fracture can happen by what action?
Definition
FOOSH
Term
What is an epiphyseal fracture?
Definition
Little League shoulder, growth plate damaged with indirect trauma of overhead throwing
Term
MOI for a clavicle fracture?
Definition

FOOSH

Fall with arm tucked

Term
The three different grades of an AC sprain
Definition

1. mild stretch of AC
2. Torn AC & mild stretch of CC

3. Complete rupture of AC & CC (Coracoclavicular)

Term
What are the three ways you can have a Glenohumeral Dislocation?
Definition

Anterior (most common)

Inferior (very uncommon)

Posterior (extremely uncommon)

Term
What is Bankart Lesion?
Definition
Tear of anterior glenoid labrum following subluxation or dislocation
Term
What is a Slap Lesion?
Definition
Superior region tear that runs from anterior to posterior
Term
What is Hill-Sachs lesion?
Definition
Fracture on the posterior lateral aspect of humeral head, usually occurs as a result of compression against glenoid
Term
What is Pitcher's, Golf, Javelin Elbow?
Definition
Medial Epicondylitis
Term
What is Shoulder Impingement Syndrome?
Definition
Compression of the Long head of the bicep, supraspinatus tendon and subacromial bursa.
Term
MOI for shoulder impingment?
Definition
Repetitive throwing, repetitive overhead activity/exercise, systemic damage
Term
What is GIRD?
Definition
Glenohumeral Internal Rotation Deficit
Term
What is the Anterior-Posterior Drawer Test?
Definition
Test to demonstartes overall hyperlaxity in the shoulder
Term
What is the Drop Arm test?
Definition
Test for Supraspinatus weakness/tears
Term
How to prevent Shoulder injuries?
Definition
Establish Full ROM, Proper warm up, Adequate strength for particular sport, Fall properly, Proper sport technique
Term
What injury has the lowest potential to return to state of health following traumatic injury?
Definition
Tooth injury
Term
What are the two bursa in the shoulder?
Definition
Subcoracoid and Subacromial
Term
What is the most common facial injury?
Definition
Nasal Bone Fracture
Term
What is the second most common facial injury?
Definition
Mandible (jaw) Fracture
Term
What is a blowout?
Definition
Fracture of the medial wall or floor of the orbital
Term
What is a Blowup?
Definition
Fracture of orbital roof
Term
What is a key sign of an Orbital fracture?
Definition
The injured eye can't look up
Term
What is Nystagmus?
Definition
Erratic Eye tracking
Term
What is a Corneal Abrasion and how does it happen?
Definition
It's when something is in your eye, some foreign body comes between the eyelid and cornea
Term
What are some of the S/S of a Retinal Detachment?
Definition

Specks in vision

Flashes of Light

Curtain closing

Term
What is Epistaxis?
Definition
Nosebleed- Don't blow your nose
Term
What is the MOI for califlower ear?
Definition

Acute blow to ear

chronis shearing or rubbing forces

Term
S/S of Califlower ear
Definition

Pain in the external and middle ear

Ecchymosis

Swelling of the auricle

Tenderness

Term
S/S of Mandible Fracture
Definition

Pain in the jaw increased by opening and closing

Difficulty moving jaw

Crepitus

Maloclussion

Tongue blade test

Term
What is the 3rd most common facial injury?
Definition
Zygomatic Fracture
Term
What is the 4th most common facial injury?
Definition
Maxillary Fracture
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