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Atassi Final
N/A
152
History
Undergraduate 1
02/21/2011
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Term
The expression "Paleolithic" means
 Definition
Old Stone Age
Term
Without domestic animals to transport their goods, early humans could have no
 Definition
Material Possessions
Term
Changes brought about by the Neolithic Age did not include
 Definition
The invention of the wheel
Term
One of the first examples of the transition to a completely sedentary settlement occurred around 8000 B.C.E. at
 Definition
Jericho
Term
One of the first primary civilizations in the West was at the beginning of the fourth millennium B.C.E. by people known as the
 Definition
Sumerians
Term
Sumerian scribes invented cuneiform writing around
 Definition
3100 B.C.E
Term
Which is not the name of a Sumerian city-state?
 Definition
Nineveh
Term
By virtue of their martial ability, Sumerian figures of authority were called (literally "big man")
 Definition
lugal
Term
Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding the Sumerian Epic of Gilgamesh?
 Definition
Men and gods live to serve one another.
Term
Sargon, the man most responsible for uniting the Sumerian city-states was
 Definition
an Akkadian from Akkad
Term
Which of the following was NOT a Sumerian achievement?
 Definition
cotton cloth
Term
Located in Anatolia, which of the following settlements could rival Jericho in complexity?
 Definition
Çatalhöyük
Term
The two most consistent features of Ubaid life were
 Definition
irrigation and temple building
Term
Following the reign of Sargon, Akkadian and Sumerian civilizations were virtually identical except for their
 Definition
language
Term
The cave paintings of the Upper Paleolithic Era
 Definition
are more sophisticated than those of the Neanderthals
Term
Compared to the Tigris and Euphrates, the Nile River in Egypt was
 Definition
Predictable
Term
Which god did Hammurabi elevate as the patron deity of Old Babylonia?
 Definition
Marduk
Term
The king usually held responsible for uniting Upper and Lower Egypt was
 Definition
Narmer
Term
All of the following statements about Egyptian religion are true EXCEPT
 Definition
The Egyptians were fascinated with the story of their creation
Term
The Egyptian technique of writing ("sacred carvings") is called
 Definition
hieroglyphic
Term
The Egyptian god Osiris came to be seen as
 Definition
judge of the dead
Term
Which Babylonian king used writing as a weapon?
 Definition
Hammurabi
Term
Middle Kingdom Egyptians
 Definition
1. viewed the world beyond Egypt with suspicion and fear
2. lost the vision that their land was a paradise
3. recognized that the world was much larger than Egypt
Term
During which period did pharaoh successfully centralize his power and administration?
 Definition
Third Dynasty
Term
Which of the following statements about Sumerian slavery is false?
 Definition
A slave could never buy his freedom
Term
The arc of abundant natural resources located in western Asia is commonly called
 Definition
the Fertile Crescent
Term
The expressions "Semitic" and "Indo-European" refer to
 Definition
Language
Term
Which group of people invaded and projected their authority over Egypt in the seventeenth century B.C.E.?
 Definition
Hyksos
Term
The prophet Ezekiel
 Definition
stressed that salvation could only be found through religious purity
Term
Who built the temple complex at Jerusalem that housed the Ark of the Covenant?
 Definition
Solomon
Term
Who was not a Persian leader?
 Definition
Nebuchadnezzar
Term
Zoroaster taught that there was only one god called
 Definition
Ahura Mazda
Term
The fundamental characteristic of the Assyrian military-religious ethos was
 Definition
1. the holy war
2. exacting tribute through terror
3. the ritual humiliation of the gods of a defeated city
Term
Which pharaoh is most associated with the Amarna period of New Kingdom Egypt?
 Definition
Akhenaten
Term
The Assyrian threat upon the Hebrew tribes forced the Yahwist prophets to
 Definition
become exclusively monotheistic
Term
The form of government established by the Minoans on the island of Crete has been called a
 Definition
thalassocracy
Term
In general, the Hittites
 Definition
were an economic and military power
Term
During which period did Egypt reach the zenith of its magnificence and power?
 Definition
New Kingdom
Term
During the Eighteenth Dynasty, the priests of Amon
 Definition
became a formidable political and economic force
Term
The Phoenicians
 Definition
1. were aggressive colonists
2. oriented themselves toward the sea
3. established the city of Carthage in North Africa
Term
Which Hebrew leader waged his own independent military campaign against the Philistines?
 Definition
David
Term
All of the following statements about King Solomon are true except that he
 Definition
was a kind and gentle ruler
Term
Who founded the neo-Assyrian Empire in the ninth century B.C.E.?
 Definition
Assurnasirpal II
Term
In general what did the Levites and the House of David have in common?
 Definition
They both helped to elevate the Yahweh cult
Term
Which Mediterranean kingdom helped bring urban life into Greece after the collapse of the Mycenaean citadels?
 Definition
Phoenicians
Term
The palace citadels at Mycenae
 Definition
were adapted from a Near Eastern model
Term
The "international system" of the Late Bronze Age refers to the idea that
 Definition
security and stability helped trade to flourish
Term
Of all the Near Eastern kingdoms, which kingdom had the most advanced military strategy and tactics?
 Definition
Assyrians
Term
In the late fifth century B.C.E., Darius I divided the Persian Empire into provinces, each administered by a
 Definition
satrap
Term
Which of the following statements about the Zoroastrian scriptures, the Avesta, is false?
 Definition
Mankind has no free will
Term
Which Persian king built his capital at Persepolis?
 Definition
Darius I
Term
The "great god" of The Assyrians was:
 Definition
Assur
Term
The period in which Mycenaean civilization vanished is called the
 Definition
Dark Age
Term
Regarding their religious beliefs, the Greeks
 Definition
were suspicious of their gods, believed that the gods interfered in human affairs, and knew that the gods wielded superhuman power
Term
Which ancient culture had the most lasting impact on Greek civilization?
 Definition
Phoenician
Term
The Greek word meaning roughly the "bringing together of dwellings" is
 Definition
synoikismos
Term
Of the Iliad and Odyssey, it can be said that
 Definition
they were not written down until after 800 B.C.E. and they formulated the Greek heroic ideal
Term
Solon was responsible for all the following reforms except
 Definition
eligibility for office based on birth not property
Term
Which leader championed the cause of the demos and introduced the practice of ostracism?
 Definition
Cleisthenes
Term
The helots were
 Definition
enslaved Messenians
Term
The pre-Socratic philosophers
 Definition
investigated the relationship between the natural world, the gods, and man
Term
Heavily outnumbered by opposing forces, the Athenians defeated the Persians at the Battle of
 Definition
Marathon
Term
All of the following statements regarding the Delian league are true except
 Definition
the League was created by Pericles
Term
Elected strategos in 462, Pericles
 Definition
a. shifted power away from the Aeropagus
b. sought reforms to make Athens more fully democratic
c. became a patron of the arts, science, and literature
Term
The Peloponnesian War
 Definition
involved the armies of Athens and Sparta
Term
The Sophists
 Definition
taught that all knowledge was relative
Term
Who said "the unexamined life is not worth living"?
 Definition
Socrates
Term
The Greek word, polis, is best defined as
 Definition
city-state
Term
The hoplites were
 Definition
common foot soldiers
Term
The Greek word, tyrannos, implied
 Definition
someone who ruled outside the traditional constitutional framework
Term
Which Greek wrote a history of the Peloponnesian Wars?
 Definition
Thucydides
Term
The Persians were driven from mainland Greece following the Battle of
 Definition
Plataea
Term
Which of the following is evidence of a growing Panhellenism at the end of Archaic Greece?
 Definition
the Olympic Games
Term
The Greek writer Aristophanes was most well known for his
 Definition
comedies that parodied and ridiculed just about everything
Term
In general, the Spartans
 Definition
were ruled by a dual monarchy throughout their history
Term
In general, the philosophy of Socrates can be summarized by WHICH one of the following statements?
 Definition
"I am wise because I know nothing."
Term
Which Greek philosopher once remarked that "man is by nature a political animal"?
 Definition
Aristotle
Term
In 336 B.C.E., Philip II of Macedon was assassinated by
 Definition
a disgruntled lover
Term
Hellenistic sculpture and architecture
 Definition
emphasized extreme naturalism and extravagance
Term
Following the Battle of Chaeronea (338 B.C.E.), Philip II established a defensive league at
 Definition
Corinth
Term
As Alexander conquered one territory after another, he did all of the following except
 Definition
made noble attempts to create an administration for his kingdom
Term
Of the following, which cause is FALSE regarding the collapse of Greek political life in the fourth century?
 Definition
There were no civil wars between poleis
Term
Euclid's most important achievement was
 Definition
his Elements of Geometry, which organized all geometric theories
Term
The Athenian orator, Demosthenes
 Definition
saw Philip II as an aggressor whose aim was to destroy the Greek poleis
Term
Because the polis went into sharp decline during the Hellenistic Age, Greek religion was replaced by
 Definition
a. Stoicism and Epicureanism
b. mystery cults like Mithraism
c. the Dionysiac cult
Term
The "Hellenistic Copernicus" was
 Definition
Aristarchus of Samos
Term
Which of the following words does not adequately describe Alexander the Great?
 Definition
kind-hearted
Term
In general, the prosperity of the Hellenistic economy rested on
 Definition
agriculture
Term
The largest and most famous of all Hellenistic cities was
 Definition
Alexandria
Term
Called a "merchant of escapism," this Hellenistic poet founded the pastoral genre
 Definition
Theocritus
Term
The Stoics taught that
 Definition
the cosmos is orderly, no individual is master of his own fate, and duty and self-discipline are important virtues
Term
Which Alexandrian scholar was most well-known for his belief that the brain was the seat of human intelligence?
 Definition
Herophilus of Chalcedon
Term
Which of the following statements about Aristotle's philosophy is incorrect?
 Definition
no one is by nature meant to be a slave
Term
Which of the following was NOT one of the three kingdoms created after Alexander's death?
 Definition
the Italianate
Term
Epicurus taught that
 Definition
since there is no ultimate purpose in the universe, one should seek pleasure
Term
Located in Athens, the Academy was an informal school established in the early fourth century by
 Definition
Plato
Term
The Athenian orator, Isocrates
 Definition
saw Philip as the answer to Greek problems
Term
Which statement is most correct regarding fourth-century drama?
 Definition
It offered diversion and escape
Term
Which city-state became the leading Greek polis at the end of the Peloponnesian War?
 Definition
Sparta
Term
At the Battle of Gaugamela (331 B.C.E.), Alexander's army
 Definition
destroyed the Persians under Darius III
Term
The Hellenistic philosophy called Stoicism, was founded by
 Definition
Zeno
Term
The earliest inhabitants of the Italian peninsula were the
 Definition
Etruscans
Term
From the Etruscans, the Romans obtained
 Definition
The arch and the vault, the notion of the mythical founders of Rome, Romulus and Remus, and the idea of centering urban life around large stone temples
Term
In general, the history of the early Roman Republic was dominated by
 Definition
the plebeian struggle for social and economic equality
Term
The concilium plebis
 Definition
was an assembly composed only of plebeians
Term
The primary difference between Roman and Greek religion is that
 Definition
the Romans revered their ancestors as "household gods", the Romans had dogmas and sacraments, and Roman religious practice was closely tied to political life
Term
Which Roman general defeated Hannibal at Zama in 202 B.C.E.?
 Definition
Augustus Caesar
Term
Tiberius and Gaius Graachus
 Definition
were killed by political enemies
Term
The Roman title, princeps, which was given to Augustus Caesar, means
 Definition
first citizen
Term
Between 73 and 71 B.C.E., a slave revolt broke out in Rome led by Spartacus, who was a
 Definition
slave trained to be a gladiator
Term
Octavian was forced to join an alliance that included
 Definition
Mark Antony
Term
Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding the early rule of Augustus Caesar?
 Definition
abolished laws punishing adultery and made divorces easy to obtain
Term
Virgil's epic poem about a Trojan hero was called
 Definition
Aeneid
Term
Which of the following was NOT one of the three great branches of Roman law?
 Definition
canon law
Term
The Emperor Severus and his successors
 Definition
eliminated the theoretical rights of the Senate, ruled as military dictators, and cheapened Roman citizenship
Term
The equestrian order contained those Romans
 Definition
who chose a life of business over politics
Term
The Romans had little use for applied science and labor-saving machinery because
 Definition
their economic organization was based entirely on cheap slave labor
Term
The religious beliefs of the Romans were altered in the last two centuries of the Republic as a result of
 Definition
Rome's interaction with the Hellenistic world, the spread of Mithraism and other mystery cults, and a craving for a more emotional religion
Term
In 49 B.C.E.
 Definition
Caesar marched on Rome
Term
In general, the Romans controlled the territory of the empire by
 Definition
assimilating conquered people into the common cultural and political life of Rome
Term
Which Roman emperor was also a Stoic philosopher?
 Definition
Marcus Aurelius
Term
Under the Principiate, Augustus
 Definition
penalized citizens who failed to marry
Term
Despite its many achievements, the one failure of the Augustan system was
 Definition
the lack of a clear law of succession
Term
The navy of Mark Antony and Cleopatra was defeated at the Battle of
 Definition
Actium
Term
Which Roman thinker has frequently been called "the father of Roman eloquence"?
 Definition
Cicero
Term
Which of the following statements about Julius Caesar is false?
 Definition
He saved Rome
Term
The emperor Diocletian accomplished all of the following except
 Definition
making Christianity the favored religion of Rome
Term
Perhaps the most important Church Father and author of "On the City of God" was
 Definition
St. Augustine
Term
St. Jerome is best known for his
 Definition
Vulgate translation of the Bible
Term
The founder of a monastic community at Vivarium and author of the "Institutes" was
 Definition
Cassiodorus
Term
One of the first most lasting accomplishments of the Byzantine emperor Justinian was to
 Definition
revise and codify Roman law
Term
Between 284 and 303, Diocletian ruled the Western Empire from
 Definition
Nicomedia
Term
Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding the ideas and mission of St. Paul?
 Definition
He believed that Jewish religious law was essential for salvation.
Term
In 325, Constantine condemned Arius and the Arian heresy at the Council of
 Definition
Nicea
Term
Who would have agreed with Tertullian that Christianity had nothing to do with classical culture?
 Definition
Benedict of Nursia
Term
The Roman governor, Pontius Pilate, condemned Jesus to crucifixion because
 Definition
he was trying to preserve the peace during a religious holiday
Term
Diocletian ruled as
 Definition
dominus
Term
The Benedictine Rule established all but which of the following?
 Definition
that human labor was below the dignity of the monastic order
Term
Of the Germanic tribes in the Roman Empire, it can be said that
 Definition
they had adopted the Arian variety of Christianity
Term
In 476, the last Roman emperor, Romulus Augustulus, was overthrown by
 Definition
a mixed army of Huns, Germans, and disgruntled Romans
Term
One reason why the eastern Roman empire survived while the western empire did not was that
 Definition
the eastern empire was far richer
Term
The emperor Constantine
 Definition
made Christianity the favored religion of Rome
Term
Which church father argued that God granted grace to some people but not to others?
 Definition
St. Augustine
Term
What important religious text was discovered in a cave near Qumran in 1947?
 Definition
the Dead Sea Scrolls
Term
The Zealots:
 Definition
sought to overthrow the Romans by force
Term
The Zealots:
 Definition
sought to overthrow the Romans by force
Term
Which of the following helps explain the successful growth of monasticism?
 Definition
Extreme asceticism served as a substitute for martyrdom
Term
The fundamental disagreement between Arians and Athanasians was over the issue of
 Definition
the Trinity
Term
The church became a clearly defined hierarchical organization because
 Definition
urban-based bishops asserted control over priests in their surrounding areas
Term
Which of the following statements might best explain the success of Christianity by the fourth century?
 Definition
Women were given a role in worship, its organization structure, and its view of human salvation
Term
Which of the following groups believed that all 613 of Yahweh's commandments were binding upon all Jews?
 Definition
Pharisees
Term
Which Roman emperor made succession to the imperial throne hereditary?
 Definition
Constantine
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