Term
|
Definition
- forms the supporting structure of an organism
-bones supported and supplemented by ligaments, tendons, muscles and cartilage
- supports organs, anchors muscles and portects organs; includes teeth
- bones also porduce red and white blood cells and store minerals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| To unite by a joint; to fit together |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pertaining to the cranium or head end of the body or denoting a position more toward the cranium or head end |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pertaining to the tail end of the body or denoting a position more toward the tail or rear of the body than some other reference point |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pertaining to the back area of the quadruped or denoting a position more toward the back (upward) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pertaining to the belly or underside of a quadruped or denoting a position more toward the belly (downward) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Denoting a position farther away from the median plane of the body or of a structure, on the side or toward the side away from the median plane |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Denoting a position closer to the median plane of the body or of a structure, toward the middle or median plane or pertaining to the middle or a position closer to the median plane |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| At an angle or pertaining to an angle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Near the surface; not deep. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Situated far beneath the surface; not superficial |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pertaining to or situated near the outer areas or surface of the body or structure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Nearest to the center of the body relative to another body part or location |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Farthest from the center of the body relative to another body part or location |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The caudal surface of the front leg from the carpus to the phalanges, includes bottom surface of the front foot |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The caudal surface of the hind leg from the hock to the phalanges, this includes the bottom surface of the hind foot. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| To lie face down in ventral recumbency |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| to lie face up, in dorsal recumbency |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Related to the head, neck and trunk or torso, the axis of the body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pertaining to the armpit area or on the front legs of an animal, above the elbow joint |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pertaining to the neck area, the cervical vertebrae or the region around these vertebrae and the female's reproductive system |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Surface of the tooth that is next to the cheek. As a directional term, buccal means toward the cheek. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Surface of the tooth that is adjacent to the next tooth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Surface of the incisor teeth that is next to the lips |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Surface of the upper teeth that is next to the hard palate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Surfaces of the incisor teeth that are away from the middle or median plane of the mouth (the lateral surfaces), and the caudal surfaces of the canine, premolar, and molar teeth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Surface of the lower teeth that is next to the tongue. As an adjective, lingual means pertaining to the tongue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Surfaces of the incisor teeth that are toward the middle or medial plane of the mouth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Surface of the tooth that makes contact with the opposing tooth; it is the chewing or biting surface |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Movement of a limb away from the median line or middle of the body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Movement of a limb toward the median line or middle of the body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Turing outward or inside out |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Straightening or the act of straightening as with a joint |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Bending or the act of bending as with a joint |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Divides the body dorsally and ventrally not necessarily in equal divisions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Divides the body into left and right halves equally |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Parallel to the median plane also divides the body into the left and right parts, but not equally |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The same as a paramedian plane, a midsagittal plane is the same as the median plane. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Divides the body cranially and caudally, not necessarily in equal divisions. It also divides the leg into upper and lower parts, not necessarily in equal divisions. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
(5 total)
- Long
- Short
- Flat
- Irregular (Sesamoid)
- Pneumatic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Proportionally longer than they are wide. Each has a central marrow cavity and proximal and distal epiphysis.
Ex. Femur and Metacarpals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
About as long as they are Wide, and each has only one growth center.
Ex. Carpals and Tarsals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Two plates of compact bone with spongy in between. this forms the trabeculae crossing from one side of the bone to the other. These bones have no marrow cavity but have small, irregular marrow spaces. Examples of flat bones include pelvic bones, skull bones and ribs.
Ex. pelvic bones, skull bones and ribs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Don't fit in any other definitions, for example the vertebrae. Sesamoir bones - small bones interposed in tendon aid in articulation - are a type of irregular bone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Bones with air spaces in them; includes certain types of bird bones |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A rounded projection on the distal aspect of a bone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A grooved, sliding surface that acts like the surface of a pulley to increase the mechanical advantage in the movement of a joint |
|
|
Term
| Head (Articular Projection) |
|
Definition
| The proximal end of the bone; it may have a neck attached |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A prominence or projection on a bone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A large prominence on a bone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Large and small prominences on the humerus, known as the greater or lesser tubercles. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Large and small prominences on the femur, known as the greater and lesser trochanters |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Roughened area on the sides of a bone, just proximal to the condyles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A pointed projection off a bone
Ex. Spine of the scapula |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A ridge on a bone
Ex. Crest of the ilium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Generally articular spaces, where the head of a bone fits
Ex. glenoid cavity of scapula |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Non-articular - groove or concavity as in alar notch of atlas
Articular - it is inside the joint where the ligaments attach |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
An almost flat surface
Ex. Carpals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A small depression on a bone
Ex. Fovea Capitis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A large shallow depression
Ex. Supraspinous fossa of the scapula |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A small tubular hole through a bone, it is longer than a foramen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Highly organized, living, subcellular structures, each of which has a characteristics shape and function. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Non-active masses within a cell |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A flexible, elastic, protective barrier composed of a bilayer of phospholipids and globular protein molecules, that separates the cell's internal components from the external environment. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Upper: 3I 1C 4P 2M
Lower: 3I 1C 4P 3M |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Skull
- Hyoid Apparatus
- Vertebral (spinal) column
- Ribs and sternum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Cranium and mandible
- Bones to Know:
- mandible: lower jaw; hemimandibles held together by fibrocartilage (mandibular symphysis)
- Maxilla: upper jaw
- Frontal: Forehead region
- Parietal: Top and Back of head
- Temporal: side(temple); forms part of sygomatic arch; contains middle and inner ear
- occipital: occipital condyles articulate with spinal column
- Sutures: immobile fibrous joints between bones of cranium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Large bone on back of head, close to the top |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| On the side of head, connects zygomatic arch with parietal bone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Connected to the parietal bone, meeting point between spinal column and skull |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Half of dentary bone, consists of the lower jaw; articualtes with the temporal bone at the mandibular fossa |
|
|
Term
| Order of type of teeth from front to back |
|
Definition
| Incisors > canines > premolars > molar |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Small bone located between the top incisors and external nares |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Large bone located between the premaxilla, frontal bone and malar bone. Makes up the majority of the upper jaw |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Most protruding part of the zygomatic arch |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Very small bone (almost think of a chip) on the inside of the orbit, nestled betweent he zygomatic arch, lacrimal and frontal bones |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In the orbit, between the zygomatic arch and the ethmoid bone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Between the nasal bone and parietal closes to the forehead region |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Just above the external nares, combines with premaxilla to make the nasal passages |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Found in the throat, it is involved with the movement of the tongue and swallowing and is made up of several small bones that connect to form a U shape |
|
|
Term
Purposes for the teeth of Carnivores
Incisors
Canines
Premolars and molars |
|
Definition
Incisors - grooming and grasping
Canines - grabbing and killing
Premolars and molars - chewing, cutting and shearing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Upper: 3I 1C 3P 1M
Lower: 3I 1C 2P 1M |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Last upper premolar and first lower molar; made for shearing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Stop growing once erupted; humans, cats and dogs all have brachydont teeth while herbivores, which are often shearing and tearing their food have hypsodont teeth meaning it continues to produce enamal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Found in herbivores in place of the carnivore/omnivore maxiallary incisors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Galvayne's groove is located on the lateral surface of the upper third incisor. It appears first near the gum line at about 10 years of age. The groove extends halfway down the tooth at 15 years, and all the way down the tooth by 20 years. By approximately 25 years, Galvayne's groove is halfway gone, and by 30 years, it has disappeared completely. |
|
|
Term
| Horse Teeth from front to back |
|
Definition
Incisors > Canine > (Bars) > Premolars > Molars
On maxilla, there is a "wolf tooth" right before the premolars |
|
|
Term
| Cow Teeth from front to back |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Rabbit Teeth from front to back |
|
Definition
| 2 Incisors > Premolars > Molars |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Consists of the Cervical vertebrae, Thoracic vertebrae, Lumbar vertebrae, sacral vertebrae and Coccygeal (Caudal) vertebrae |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Irregular shape, almost like a spicky cube with a thick "body" and a large foramen (hole/canal) on top. On top of that is the spinous process and on the sides of the body are the transverse processes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- No prominent features, cube like shape
- Almost all mammals have 7
- Specialization of first two cervical vertebrae
- c1: Atlas (looks like a butterfly or one of those spiny flower things that fall from trees)
- C2: Axis (has the dens which attaches it to the atlas and a large spinous process) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Carnivores - 13, Horses - 18, Cows - 13; The transverse processes are a little higher ont he body and there is a large spinous process on top
The ribs connect here, between the facets of the vertebrae |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Carnivores/Omnivorse - 7, Horses - 6, Cows - 6; Prominent lateral transvers processes that project at different angles in different species (basically looks like the Atlas with a fin, or like a toy airplane)The processes point more cranial with the more meat (hunting) requried in the animal's diet and the angle increases as we go caudally down the spine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Consists of several vertebrae that have fused together; Carnivores/Omnivores - 3, Horses - 5, Cows - 5
Articulates with the ilium to form the sacroliac joint
(Kind of reminds me of a really cheap, arguably artisitc angel figurine; remember to look for the 6 foramen on the ventral side all in line with each other 2 by 3) |
|
|
Term
| Coccygeal (Caudal) Vertebrae |
|
Definition
| Exact number varies depending on size of tail |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Same number of rib PAIRS as thoracic vertebrae.
Articulates with the vertebrae then curves around thorax to protect vital organs
first 9 pairs in carnivors are referred to as the "true ribs"; attaches to the sternum via costal cartilage |
|
|
