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Articulations
CHAPTER 8 Articulations - site of movement
23
Anatomy
Not Applicable
05/31/2010

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

synarthrosis

Definition

-immoveable

A.Fibrous

 

B.Cartilaginous

C.Bony fusion

 

 

 

Term
amphiarthrosis
Definition

limited movement

  1. fibrous
  2. cartilaginous
Term

 

Diarthrosis
Definition

freely moveable

  1. synovial joint structure
  2. accessory structures
Term

Synarthrosis

fibrous

Definition

 1.dense CT links joints together

               a.Suture - only found in the skull; edges of bone are interlocked 

b.Gomphosis - binds teeth into their socket; fibrous peridontal ligament
Term

synarthrosis

cartilaginous

Definition
  • AKA synchondrosis
  •  occurs in growing bone the diaphysis and the epiphysis are bound by epiphysial cartilage
Term

synarthrosis

bony fusion

Definition
  • AKA synostosis
  • occurs when two separate bones fuse together
Term

Amphiarthrosis

Fibrous

Definition
  • AKA syndesmosis
  • Occurs when articulating bones are connected by a ligament
  • Distal connection between tibia and fibula
Term

Amphiarthrosis

Cartilaginous

Definition
  • AKA symphysis
  • Occurs when bones are separated by a wedge of fibrocartilage
  • Intervertebreal discs and anterior connection between pubic bones
Term

Diarthrosis

Synovial Joint Structure

Definition

1. Joint capsule 

2. Articular cartilage at the end of each bone that acts as shock absorbers and reduce friction 

3. Joint cavity (filled with synovial fluid) 

-Provides lubrication (lubricin

-Nourishment and waste removal of the chondrocytes 

-Shock absorption 

4. Synovial membrane 

5. Sensory nerves and blood vessels

Term

Diarthrosis

accessory structures

Definition

-Menisci

-fat pads

-ligaments

-tendons

-bursae

Term

Diarthrosis-

accessory structures

MENISCI

Definition
fibrocartilage pads that may subdivide the synovial cavity
Term

Diarthrosis

accessory structures

FAT PADS

Definition
provide protection for the cartilage and fill spaces created when bones  move and the joint cavity changes shape
Term

Diarthrosis-

accessory structures

LIGAMENTS

Definition
support and strengthen the synovial joint 
Term

Diarthrosis-

accessory structures

TENDONS

Definition
not part of the articulation but runs through it and their presence often limits the motion of a joint 
Term

Diarthrosis-

accessory structures

BURSAE

Definition
- fluid filled pockets in CT that occur where a tendon or ligament rub against another tissue; function is to reduce friction
Term
TYPES OF MOVEMENT
Definition

-rotation

-Gliding (linear) motion - two surfaces slide past one another 

-Angular motion - when the distal end moves and the

proximal end is stable  

Extension - increases the angle between articulating surfaces

•Abduction - movement away from the axis 

Adduction - movement toward the axis 

Flexion - anterior or posterior movement that decreases the angle between articulating surfaces 

 

Term
Types of Synovial Joints
Definition

1. Gliding Joint

2. Hinge Joint

3.Pivot Joint

4.Ellipsoidal Joint

5.Saddle Joint

6.Ball-and-socket Joint

Term
Gliding Joint
Definition

-Flattened or slightly curved faces 

-Limited movement (restricted by ligaments) 

-Clavicles, carpals, tarsals, articular facets of the vertebrae

Term
Hinge Joint
Definition

a.Permits angular movement in a single plane   

b.Elbow and knee

Term
Pivot Joint
Definition

-permit only rotation

-joint between axis and atlas

Term
Ellipsoidal Joint
Definition

-Oval articular face fits into a depression allowing angular motion 

     in two planes 

 

-Fingers and toes with metacarpals and metatarsals and carpals to radius and ulna

Term
Saddle Joint
Definition

-Articular face resembles a saddle (concave on one axis and convex on the other) 

-Very mobile allowing angular motion without rotation 

-Pollex and wrist

Term
Ball-and-Socket Joint
Definition

-Round head fits into a cup-shaped depression 

-All combinations of movements are possible 

-Shoulder and Hip

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