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Articulations
Various types of joints in the body and their characteristics.
88
Anatomy
Professional
09/13/2009

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Term
What 2 things determine joint classification?
Definition
Structure and funtion
Term
What makes up a structural joint classification?
Definition
presence of space between bones, type of connective tissue holding bones together.
Term
What types of connective tissue hold bones together in joints?
Definition
collagen fibers, cartilage, and articular capsule and accessory ligaments
Term
What makes up the functional aspect of a joint?
Definition
movement
Term
What are the three names given to the types of movement found in joints?
Definition
synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis, and diarthrosis
Term
What is synarthrosis?
Definition
Immovable joint
Term
What is amphiarthrosis?
Definition
A slightly moveable joint
Term
What is Diarthrosis?
Definition
A freely moveable joint.
Term
What are the three types of joints?
Definition
fibrous, cartilage, and synovial
Term
What holds bones together in a fibrous joint?
Definition
Fibrous connective tissue.
Term
What does a fibrous joint lack?
Definition
a synovial cavity
Term
What movement is allowed in a fibrous joint?
Definition
little or no movement
synarthrosis or amphiarthrosis
Term
What are the three structural types of fibrous joints?
Definition
Sutures, syndesmosis, gomphosis
Term
What are sutures and are they moveable?
Definition
thin layer of dense fibrous connective tissue (bones of the skull), synarthrosis
Term
What is synostosis?
Definition
Sutures completely fused.
Term
What is syndesmosis?
Definition
Fibrous joint, bones united by ligament, slightly moveable-amphiarthrosis
Term
Bones united by ligament is an example of what type of joint?
Definition
Fibrous articulation-syndesmosis (amphiarthrosis)
Term
The anterior tibiofibular joint and interosseous membranes are examples of what type of joint?
Definition
fibrous syndesmosis
Term
What is gomphoses?
Definition
Ligament hold a cone shaped peg in a bony socket.
Term
What type of movement is gomphoses?
Definition
synarthrosis
Term
Teeth in alveolar process is what type of joint?
Definition
gomphoses
Term
What joints allow little or no movement?
Definition
fibrous and cartilaginous joints.
Term
In cartilaginous joints, what holds the bones together?
Definition
fibrocartilage of hyaline cartilage
Term
What are the two types of cartilaginous joints?
Definition
sychondroses and symphyses
Term
What is the connecting material in synchondroses?
Definition
hyaline cartilage
Term
What is the connecting material in symphysis?
Definition
fibrocartilage
Term
What is the movement of synchondroses and an example?
Definition
synarthrosis- epiphyseal plate or joints between ribs and sternum
Term
What is the movement and example of symphysis?
Definition
Amphiarthrosis-pubic symphysis and inteverterbral discs
Term
What are the six characteristics of a synovial joint?
Definition
synovial cavity, diarthrosis, articular cartilage, articular capsule, synovial membrane, accessory features.
Term
What does a synovial joint do?
Definition
separates articulating bone
Term
What does articular cartilage do?
Definition
reduces friction and absorbs shock
Term
What does the articular capsule do?
Definition
surrounds joint, thickenings in fibrous capsule called ligaments.
Term
What is the synovial membrane?
Definition
the inner lining of the capsule, secretes synovial fluid containing hyaluronic acid, and brings nutrients to the articular cartilage.
Term
What are some accessory features of the synovial joint?
Definition
accessory ligaments, articular discs, menisci, bursae, tendon sheaths
Term
What are bursae?
Definition
fluid filled saclike extensions of the joint capsule, they reduce friction between moving structures.
Term
What are tendon sheaths?
Definition
tubelike bursae that wrap around tendons at wrist and ankle where many tendons come together in a confined space.
Term
What are the 5 movements found at synovial articulations?
Definition
gliding, angular movements, rotation, special movements, and circumduction
Term
What is gliding?
Definition
no angular change
Term
What are some examples of angular movements?
Definition
flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, circumduction
Term
what is rotation?
Definition
The bone revolves around its own axis
Term
What are some areas of the body that have special movements?
Definition
jaw, hands and feet
Term
What is circumduction?
Definition
A combination of flexion, extension, adduction, and abduction.
Term
Where does circumduction occur at?
Definition
ball and socket joints, saddle, and condyloid joints
Term
What are the types of synovial joint?
Definition
Planar, Hinge, Pivot, Condyloid, Saddle, and Ball and socket
Term
What type of synovial joint has bone surfaces flat or slighty curved?
Definition
Planar
Term
What type of synovial joint allows side to side movement only?
Definition
Planar
Term
What type of synovial joint does not allow rotation due to ligaments?
Definition
Planar
Term
Intercarpal or intertarsal joints, sternoclavicular and vertebrocostal joints are examples of what type of synovial joint?
Definition
Planar
Term
What type of synovial joint has a convex surface of one bone that fits into a concave surface of another?
Definition
Hinge
Term
A hinge joint is uniaxial/monoaxial/biaxial?
Definition
uniaxial
Term
What are some examples of a hinge joint?
Definition
Knee, elbow, ankle, interphalangeal joints
Term
What movements are produced by the hinge joint?
Definition
flexion, extension,hyperextension
Term
What synovial joint has a rounded surface of bone that articulates with a ring formed by 2nd bone and ligament?
Definition
Pivot joint
Term
A pivot joint is uniaxial/monoaxial/biaxial?
Definition
monoaxial
Term
The Proximal radioular joint is an example of what type of synovial joint?
Definition
pivot
Term
The proximal radioulnar joint allows for what movement?
Definition
supination, pronation
Term
The atlantoaxial joint is an example of what type of synovial joint?
Definition
Pivot, "no" movement (turning head side to side)
Term
What joint has an oval shaped projection that fits into an oval depression?
Definition
Condylloid joint
Term
A condylloid joint is uniaxial/monoaxial/biaxial?
Definition
biaxial
Term
The wrist and metacarpophalangeal joints for digits 2-5 are examples of what type of synovial joint?
Definition
condylloid joints
Term
A saddle joint is uniaxial/monoaxial/biaxial?
Definition
biaxial
Term
What is an example of a saddle joint?
Definition
trapezium of carpus and metacarpal of the thumb
Term
A ball and socket joint is uniaxial/monoaxial/multiaxial?
Definition
multiaxial
Term
What joints are monoaxial?
Definition
Pivot joint
Term
What joints are biaxial?
Definition
Condylloid, Saddle
Term
What joint is uniaxial?
Definition
Hinge
Term
What joint is multiaxial?
Definition
ball and socket joint
Term
The shoulder joint is the where what two bones articulate?
Definition
head of the humerous and glenoid cavity of scapula
Term
The elbow joint is what type of joint?
Definition
hinge and pivot
Term
The elbow hinge joint is between what?
Definition
trochlea notch of ulna and trochlea of humerous
Term
The elbow hinge joint allow for what type of movement?
Definition
Uniaxial- flexion and extension of elbow
Term
The elbow pivot joint is between what?
Definition
head of radious and capitulum of humerous.
Term
What movement does the elbow pivot joint allow?
Definition
supination and pronation
Term
The radiocarpal joint is what type of joint?
Definition
condylloid
Term
The radiocarpal joint allows for what type of movement?
Definition
flexion, extension, adduction, and abduction
Term
What bones articulate on the hip joint?
Definition
head of femur and acetabulum of hip bone
Term
What type of joint is the tibiofemoral joint?
Definition
hinge joint and gliding joint
Term
What articulates in the tibiofemoral joint?
Definition
patella, femur and tibia
Term
What joint is between the tibia and the femur?
Definition
hinge-uniaxial
Term
What type of joint is between the patella and the femur?
Definition
gliding joint
Term
What movements are allowed in the tibiofemoral joint?
Definition
flexion, extension, slight rotation of tibia on femur when knee is flexed
Term
the temporomandibular joint is ____________ above articular disc, and ___________ below.
Definition
gliding above, hinge below
Term
The temporomandibular joint allows for what types of movement?
Definition
depression, elevation, protraction, retraction
Term
What type of joint is between the vertebral articular processes?
Definition
synovial
Term
What type of joint is between intervertebral discs?
Definition
symphysis
Term
What bones articulate in the talocural joint?
Definition
tibia and fibula with talus
Term
What type of joint is the talocrural joint?
Definition
hinge-uniaxial
Term
What type of movement is allowed in the talocrural joint?
Definition
inversion, eversion, plantarflexion, dorsiflexion
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