Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Articulations of skeletal system
Chpt. 8 Articulations of skeletal system
73
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
02/24/2012

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Joints _Describe
Definition
When 2 or more bones meet
Term
The greater the range of motion a joint has the ....
Definition
Weaker it becomes
Term
What keeps a joint within its normal range of motion?
Definition
Bony surface cartilages, tendons, ligaments and muscle keep the joint within normal range
Term
what kind of joints are most common in the axial skeleton?
Definition
Immovable or slightly movable joints are most common in the axial skeleton.
Term
What kinds of joints are more common in the appendicular skeleton?
Definition
Freely moveable joints are more common in the appendicular skeleton
Term
Joints are classified into what two classifications?
Definition
Joints are classified into either functional or structural joints
Term
Describe functional joints?
Definition
Functional joints are based on the range of motion permitted
Term
Describe Structional classification of the joints?
Definition
Structural joints are based on the material that binds the bones together and the absence or presence of a joint cavity.
Term
Describe Synarthosis joint?
Definition
Synarthosis joint is an immovable joint. The bony edges are close together and may even interlock. Designed to allow forces to spread easily from one bone to another with minimal movement. Decreases chance of injury.
Term
Synarthrosis joints can be classified as fibrous or cartilagnous? Give an example of each.
Definition
Fibrous -sutures of the skull

cartilaginous-epiphyseal plate
Term
Describe a Amphiarthrosis joint?
Definition
Amphiarthrosis joints are slightly moveable. Bones are further apart than synarthosis. Classified as either fibrous or cartilaginous
Term
Amphiarthrosis joints can be classified as fibrous or cartilagnous? Give an example of fibrous joints.
Definition
Fibrous amphiarthrosis joint- between the bones of the forearm (radius and ulna) or the leg (tibia and fibula)
Term
Amphiarthrosis joints can be classified as fibrous or cartilagnous? Give an example of cartilagnous joints.
Definition
cartilagnous joint- between the adjacent vetebrae and between the two pubic bones
Term
Describe a diathrosis joint?
Definition
A diarthrosis joint freely moves. Specialized for movement and permits a wide range of motion. Bony surfaces do not contact due to articular cartilages. Acts as a shock absorber; reduces friction, resembles hyaline cartilages, but lacks perichondrium and the matrix contains more fluid. found at the end of long bones.
Term
Diarthrosis joints are classified into three catagories according to degree of movement. List the three categories?
Definition
1. Monaxial
2. Biaxial
3. Triaxil
Term
Describe the monaxial functional classification.? Give an example?
Definition
Monaxial -Permits movement in one plane- an example is the elbow.
Term
Describe the biaxial functional classification.? Give an example?
Definition
Biaxial - Movement into two planes
an example is the wrist
Term
Describe the triaxial functional classification.? Give an example?
Definition
triaxial- permits movement into three planes
Example: Shoulder and hip
Term
Describe fibrous structural classification and give an example.
Definition
Fibrous bones are held together by fibrous connective tissue--Example sutures of the skull, between the ulna and radious.
Term
Describe cartilaginous structural classification and give an example.
Definition
articulating bones are connected by cartilage -example interveterbal disc and pubic symphsis
Term
Describe synovial structural classification and give an example.
Definition
synovial- have a space cqlled synovial cavity between articulating bones, surface of bones covered by articular cartilage. Exmple shoulder, hip, knee, temporomandibular joint
Term
Describe function of synovial fluid
Definition
Fills the joint cavity-total quanity in joint is less than 3ml. Provides lubricant, reduces friction ;nourishes the chondrocytes and a route for waste disposal; acts as a shock absorber. absorbs shock and distributes evenly.
Term
Describe the reinforcing ligaments Name them (2)
Definition
Extracapsular ligaments
Intracapsular liagment
Term
Location of and example of reinforcing liagment Extracapsular
Definition
extracapsular liagment located outside the joint capsule. Example patellar liagment
Term
Locate and example of reinforcing liagament intracapsular?
Definition
The intracapsular ligament located inside joint capsule Example Anterior cruciate liagment
Term
Describe the menisci cartilage? (function)
Definition
pads of fibrous cartilage that may subdivide a synovial cavity ; channel the flow of synovial fluid; allow for variations in the shape of the articular surfaces; and restrict some of the movement of the joints.
Term
Describe the fat pads and function of the synovial joint?
Definition
Found around the outside of the joint; povides protection for the articular cartilage and fills spaces when bones move and the joint cavity changes shape.
Term
Describe the Bursae of the synovial joint
Definition
small fluid filled pockets oin connective tissue; filled with synovial fluid and lined by a synovial membrane; form where a tendon or ligament rubs against tissues; functions to reduce friction and acts as a shock absorber.
Term
Explain a gliding or linear motion. Give examples
Definition
gliding-two opposing surface side past one another; back and forth; side to side; slight movement.
Example: Between the carpal nones
between the tarsal bones
sternocavicular joint
Term
Explain the angular movement and list the 4 angular types of movement
Definition
angular movement-change the angle between the shaft and articular surface; always refer to movement of appendicular skeleton
1. Flexion
2. extension
3. adduction
abduction
Term
Describe the flexion movement of the synovial joint?
Definition
movement in the anterior-posterior (sagital) plane that reduces the angle between articulating elements.
Term
Describe the Extension movement of the synovial joint?
Definition
Extension-occurs as the same plane as flexion but increases the angle between articulating elements
Term
Describe the abduction movement of the synovial joint?
Definition
abduction---movement away from the longitudinal axis of the body
Term
Describe the adduction movement of the synovial joint?
Definition
adduction-movement toward the longitudinal axis of the body
Term
Describe rotation movement of the synovial joint? what four rotation types?
Definition
rotation movement-bone pivots around its own longitudinal axis
a. medial rotation
b. lateral rotation
c. pronation
d. supination
Term
Describe medial rotation?
Definition
medial rotation- anterior aspect of the limb rotates inward
Term
Describe the lateral rotation?
Definition
lateral rotation- anterior aspect of the limb rotates outward
Term
Describe pronation rotation?
Definition
pronation rotation -moving the hand from palm facing up to palm facing down
Term
Describe the supination rotation?
Definition
Supination rotation-moving the hand from palm facing down to palm facing up
Term
Describe gliding joint and examples of?
Definition
Gliding (plane) joints-flattened or slightly curved surfaces. Slide across one another but movement is slight.
Examples: Between carpal bones
Between tarsal bones; ends of clavicle; between the articular facets of adjacent vertebrae
Term
Describe Hinge joints? example
Definition
permits angular movenment in a single plane
monaxial joint
example- elbow and knee
Term
describe pivot joints (example)
Definition
pivot joint- permit rotation
monaxial
example-between the atlas and axis
Term
Describe condylar joint?
Definition
ellipsoidal joints- oval articular face nestles within a depression on the opposing surface. biaxial . examples between the fingers and metacarpal bones; between the carpal bones and the radius.
Term
Describe the saddle joints and give example
Definition
saddle joint- concave on one axis and convex on the other.
allow extensive angular motion without rotation- biaxial; example base of the thumb between the trapezium and first metacarpal
Term
Describe ball and socket joints? Give example
Definition
Ball and socket joints- round head of one bone rests within a cup-shaped depression of another. allows all combination of movements, includes rotation- traxial examples- shoulder /hip
Term
Temporomandibular joint? Describe?
Definition
Between the manibular fossa of the temporal bone and the condylar process of the mandible
-articulating bones are seperated by a thick disc of fibrocartilage; divides the cavity into seperate chambers.
between temporal bone and the articular disc and between the articular disc and mandible
Term
What kind of joint is the temporomandibular joint and is it stable
Definition
tempromandibular joint -hinge joint but the loose capsule and flat articular surfaces permit some gliding and rotational movement.
Poorly stabilized forceful lateral or anterior movement of the mandible can result in a partial or complete dislocation
Term
what is the most common dislocated joint?
Definition
shoulder joint
Term
Describe the shoulder joint?
Definition
The shoulder joint is the round head of the humerous lies against the flattened glenoid fossa and is sheltered by the acromion and coracoid process of the scapula and by the clavicle.

Ball and socket joint

permits the greatest range of motion of any body part.
Term
Describe the four ligaments of the shoulder joint?
Definition
1. acromioclavicular
2. Coracoclavicular
3. Coraoacromial
4. coracohumeral
Term
Describe the acromioclavicular ligaments?
Definition
acromioclavicular ligaments-binds the acromion to the clavicle
Term
Describe the coracoclavicular ligament
Definition
coracoclavicular ligament- binds the clavicle and the coracoid process and helps limit the motion between clavicle and scapula
Term
Describe the coracoacromial ligments?
Definition
coracoacromial ligements? spans the gap between the coracoid process and the acromion, just superior to the joint capsule
Term
describe coracohumeral ligaments
Definition
coracohumeral ligament-orginates at the base of the coracoid process and inserts on the head of the humerus. Strengthens the superior part of the articular capsule and helps support the weight of the upper limb
Term
inflammation of the bursa can what?
Definition
restict motion and produce painful symptoms of bursitius
Term
location of subacrominal?
Definition
the subacromial between the acromion and the joint capsule
Term
location of subcoracoid
Definition
the subcoracoid is between the coracoid and the joint capsule
Term
location of subdeltoid
Definition
the subdeltoid between the deltoid and joint capsule
Term
location of the subcapular
Definition
subcapular between the subcapularis and the joint capsule
Term
The elbow joint location/ stability/ and degree of movement
Definition
location is between the humerous, ulna and the humerous and the radius.
+Extremely stabile joint because the bony surface of the humerous and the ulna interlock to prevent lateral movement and rotation.
degree of movement is limited by coronoid process, coronoid fossa and radial head anteriorly and the olecranon process and the olecranon fossa posteriorly
Term
What three ligament is in the elbow?
Definition
1. ulnar collateral ligament
2. radial collateral ligament
3. annular ligament
Term
Location of ulnar collateral ligament
and stabilizes what?
Definition
the ulnar collateral ligament- from the medial epicondyleof the humerus anteriorly to the coronoid process of the ulna and posterrriorly to the olecranon process. Stabilizes the medial surface of the joint.
Term
location of radial collateral ligament? Stabilizes ?
Definition
radial collateral ligament extends between the lateral epicondyle of the humerus and the annular ligament

stabilizes the lateral surface of the joint
Term
describe annular ligament?
Definition
annular ligament -binds proximal radial head to the ulna. attaches to the anterior and posterior margins of the radial notch on the ulna.
Term
Describe the hip joint? type of joint? degree of motion?
Definition
the hip joint is a deep, well fitting, ball and socket joint, between the head of the femur and the acetabulum. Triaxial
degree of motion is restricted by the depth of the socket, the ligaments and tendons, surrounding the capsule, as well as by the ligamentum captis
Term
Hip joint acetabulum
Definition
the hip joint acetabulum -fibrcartilage pad; fat pad covered by a synovial membrane-shock absorber
Term
Hip-Fovea capitis
Definition
hip fovea capitis? attachment site of the ligament of the femoral head (ligamentum capitis femoris) which orginates along the traverse actetabular ligament
Term
Three hip joint ligaments
Definition
1. pubofemoral
2. lliofemoral
3. ischiofemoral
Term
Hip -Pubofemoral ligaments
Definition
pubofemoral liagment- from the pubic part of the acetabulum to the neck of the femur
Term
Hip-lliofemoral ligaments
Definition
lliofemoral from the anterior/inferior iliac spine and superior rim of the aceabulum to the intertrochateric line of the femur
Term
Hip- ischiofemoral ligaments
Definition
ischiofemoral from the ischial wall of the acetabulum to the neck of the femur
Term
Knee Joint-- Describe
Definition
knee joint- large round condyles of the femur sit on the relatively flat surface of the tibia/ patella/ medial and lateral meniscis. Fibrocartilage pads that lie between the femoral and tibia surfaces. acts as cushions; conform to the shape of the articulation surfaces of the femur changes position. Provides some lateral stability to the joint.
Term
Describe the knee ligaments and the joint stability
Definition
anterior and posterior cruciate liagments.
between the intercondylar area of the tibia to the condyles of the femur.
keeps the femur from sliding forward off the top of the tibia when the knee is flexed. refer to their site of orgins int on the tibia and they cross each other as the progress to their destatinations on the femur
Supporting users have an ad free experience!