Term
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Definition
| When 2 or more bones meet |
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Term
| The greater the range of motion a joint has the .... |
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Definition
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Term
| What keeps a joint within its normal range of motion? |
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Definition
| Bony surface cartilages, tendons, ligaments and muscle keep the joint within normal range |
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Term
| what kind of joints are most common in the axial skeleton? |
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Definition
| Immovable or slightly movable joints are most common in the axial skeleton. |
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Term
| What kinds of joints are more common in the appendicular skeleton? |
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Definition
| Freely moveable joints are more common in the appendicular skeleton |
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Term
| Joints are classified into what two classifications? |
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Definition
| Joints are classified into either functional or structural joints |
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Term
| Describe functional joints? |
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Definition
| Functional joints are based on the range of motion permitted |
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Term
| Describe Structional classification of the joints? |
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Definition
| Structural joints are based on the material that binds the bones together and the absence or presence of a joint cavity. |
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Term
| Describe Synarthosis joint? |
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Definition
| Synarthosis joint is an immovable joint. The bony edges are close together and may even interlock. Designed to allow forces to spread easily from one bone to another with minimal movement. Decreases chance of injury. |
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Term
| Synarthrosis joints can be classified as fibrous or cartilagnous? Give an example of each. |
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Definition
Fibrous -sutures of the skull
cartilaginous-epiphyseal plate |
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Term
| Describe a Amphiarthrosis joint? |
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Definition
| Amphiarthrosis joints are slightly moveable. Bones are further apart than synarthosis. Classified as either fibrous or cartilaginous |
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Term
| Amphiarthrosis joints can be classified as fibrous or cartilagnous? Give an example of fibrous joints. |
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Definition
| Fibrous amphiarthrosis joint- between the bones of the forearm (radius and ulna) or the leg (tibia and fibula) |
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Term
| Amphiarthrosis joints can be classified as fibrous or cartilagnous? Give an example of cartilagnous joints. |
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Definition
| cartilagnous joint- between the adjacent vetebrae and between the two pubic bones |
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Term
| Describe a diathrosis joint? |
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Definition
| A diarthrosis joint freely moves. Specialized for movement and permits a wide range of motion. Bony surfaces do not contact due to articular cartilages. Acts as a shock absorber; reduces friction, resembles hyaline cartilages, but lacks perichondrium and the matrix contains more fluid. found at the end of long bones. |
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Term
| Diarthrosis joints are classified into three catagories according to degree of movement. List the three categories? |
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Definition
1. Monaxial
2. Biaxial
3. Triaxil |
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Term
| Describe the monaxial functional classification.? Give an example? |
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Definition
| Monaxial -Permits movement in one plane- an example is the elbow. |
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Term
| Describe the biaxial functional classification.? Give an example? |
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Definition
Biaxial - Movement into two planes
an example is the wrist |
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Term
| Describe the triaxial functional classification.? Give an example? |
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Definition
triaxial- permits movement into three planes
Example: Shoulder and hip |
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Term
| Describe fibrous structural classification and give an example. |
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Definition
| Fibrous bones are held together by fibrous connective tissue--Example sutures of the skull, between the ulna and radious. |
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Term
| Describe cartilaginous structural classification and give an example. |
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Definition
| articulating bones are connected by cartilage -example interveterbal disc and pubic symphsis |
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Term
| Describe synovial structural classification and give an example. |
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Definition
| synovial- have a space cqlled synovial cavity between articulating bones, surface of bones covered by articular cartilage. Exmple shoulder, hip, knee, temporomandibular joint |
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Term
| Describe function of synovial fluid |
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Definition
| Fills the joint cavity-total quanity in joint is less than 3ml. Provides lubricant, reduces friction ;nourishes the chondrocytes and a route for waste disposal; acts as a shock absorber. absorbs shock and distributes evenly. |
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Term
| Describe the reinforcing ligaments Name them (2) |
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Definition
Extracapsular ligaments
Intracapsular liagment |
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Term
| Location of and example of reinforcing liagment Extracapsular |
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Definition
| extracapsular liagment located outside the joint capsule. Example patellar liagment |
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Term
| Locate and example of reinforcing liagament intracapsular? |
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Definition
| The intracapsular ligament located inside joint capsule Example Anterior cruciate liagment |
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Term
| Describe the menisci cartilage? (function) |
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Definition
| pads of fibrous cartilage that may subdivide a synovial cavity ; channel the flow of synovial fluid; allow for variations in the shape of the articular surfaces; and restrict some of the movement of the joints. |
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Term
| Describe the fat pads and function of the synovial joint? |
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Definition
| Found around the outside of the joint; povides protection for the articular cartilage and fills spaces when bones move and the joint cavity changes shape. |
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Term
| Describe the Bursae of the synovial joint |
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Definition
| small fluid filled pockets oin connective tissue; filled with synovial fluid and lined by a synovial membrane; form where a tendon or ligament rubs against tissues; functions to reduce friction and acts as a shock absorber. |
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Term
| Explain a gliding or linear motion. Give examples |
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Definition
gliding-two opposing surface side past one another; back and forth; side to side; slight movement.
Example: Between the carpal nones
between the tarsal bones
sternocavicular joint |
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Term
| Explain the angular movement and list the 4 angular types of movement |
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Definition
angular movement-change the angle between the shaft and articular surface; always refer to movement of appendicular skeleton
1. Flexion
2. extension
3. adduction
abduction |
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Term
| Describe the flexion movement of the synovial joint? |
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Definition
| movement in the anterior-posterior (sagital) plane that reduces the angle between articulating elements. |
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Term
| Describe the Extension movement of the synovial joint? |
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Definition
| Extension-occurs as the same plane as flexion but increases the angle between articulating elements |
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Term
| Describe the abduction movement of the synovial joint? |
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Definition
| abduction---movement away from the longitudinal axis of the body |
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Term
| Describe the adduction movement of the synovial joint? |
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Definition
| adduction-movement toward the longitudinal axis of the body |
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Term
| Describe rotation movement of the synovial joint? what four rotation types? |
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Definition
rotation movement-bone pivots around its own longitudinal axis
a. medial rotation
b. lateral rotation
c. pronation
d. supination |
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Term
| Describe medial rotation? |
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Definition
| medial rotation- anterior aspect of the limb rotates inward |
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Term
| Describe the lateral rotation? |
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Definition
| lateral rotation- anterior aspect of the limb rotates outward |
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Term
| Describe pronation rotation? |
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Definition
| pronation rotation -moving the hand from palm facing up to palm facing down |
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Term
| Describe the supination rotation? |
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Definition
| Supination rotation-moving the hand from palm facing down to palm facing up |
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Term
| Describe gliding joint and examples of? |
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Definition
Gliding (plane) joints-flattened or slightly curved surfaces. Slide across one another but movement is slight.
Examples: Between carpal bones
Between tarsal bones; ends of clavicle; between the articular facets of adjacent vertebrae |
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Term
| Describe Hinge joints? example |
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Definition
permits angular movenment in a single plane
monaxial joint
example- elbow and knee |
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Term
| describe pivot joints (example) |
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Definition
pivot joint- permit rotation
monaxial
example-between the atlas and axis |
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Term
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Definition
| ellipsoidal joints- oval articular face nestles within a depression on the opposing surface. biaxial . examples between the fingers and metacarpal bones; between the carpal bones and the radius. |
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Term
| Describe the saddle joints and give example |
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Definition
saddle joint- concave on one axis and convex on the other.
allow extensive angular motion without rotation- biaxial; example base of the thumb between the trapezium and first metacarpal |
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Term
| Describe ball and socket joints? Give example |
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Definition
| Ball and socket joints- round head of one bone rests within a cup-shaped depression of another. allows all combination of movements, includes rotation- traxial examples- shoulder /hip |
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Term
| Temporomandibular joint? Describe? |
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Definition
Between the manibular fossa of the temporal bone and the condylar process of the mandible
-articulating bones are seperated by a thick disc of fibrocartilage; divides the cavity into seperate chambers.
between temporal bone and the articular disc and between the articular disc and mandible |
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Term
| What kind of joint is the temporomandibular joint and is it stable |
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Definition
tempromandibular joint -hinge joint but the loose capsule and flat articular surfaces permit some gliding and rotational movement.
Poorly stabilized forceful lateral or anterior movement of the mandible can result in a partial or complete dislocation |
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Term
| what is the most common dislocated joint? |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the shoulder joint? |
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Definition
The shoulder joint is the round head of the humerous lies against the flattened glenoid fossa and is sheltered by the acromion and coracoid process of the scapula and by the clavicle.
Ball and socket joint
permits the greatest range of motion of any body part. |
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Term
| Describe the four ligaments of the shoulder joint? |
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Definition
1. acromioclavicular
2. Coracoclavicular
3. Coraoacromial
4. coracohumeral |
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Term
| Describe the acromioclavicular ligaments? |
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Definition
| acromioclavicular ligaments-binds the acromion to the clavicle |
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Term
| Describe the coracoclavicular ligament |
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Definition
| coracoclavicular ligament- binds the clavicle and the coracoid process and helps limit the motion between clavicle and scapula |
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Term
| Describe the coracoacromial ligments? |
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Definition
| coracoacromial ligements? spans the gap between the coracoid process and the acromion, just superior to the joint capsule |
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Term
| describe coracohumeral ligaments |
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Definition
| coracohumeral ligament-orginates at the base of the coracoid process and inserts on the head of the humerus. Strengthens the superior part of the articular capsule and helps support the weight of the upper limb |
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Term
| inflammation of the bursa can what? |
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Definition
| restict motion and produce painful symptoms of bursitius |
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Term
| location of subacrominal? |
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Definition
| the subacromial between the acromion and the joint capsule |
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Term
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Definition
| the subcoracoid is between the coracoid and the joint capsule |
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Term
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Definition
| the subdeltoid between the deltoid and joint capsule |
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Term
| location of the subcapular |
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Definition
| subcapular between the subcapularis and the joint capsule |
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Term
| The elbow joint location/ stability/ and degree of movement |
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Definition
location is between the humerous, ulna and the humerous and the radius.
+Extremely stabile joint because the bony surface of the humerous and the ulna interlock to prevent lateral movement and rotation.
degree of movement is limited by coronoid process, coronoid fossa and radial head anteriorly and the olecranon process and the olecranon fossa posteriorly |
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Term
| What three ligament is in the elbow? |
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Definition
1. ulnar collateral ligament
2. radial collateral ligament
3. annular ligament |
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Term
Location of ulnar collateral ligament
and stabilizes what? |
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Definition
| the ulnar collateral ligament- from the medial epicondyleof the humerus anteriorly to the coronoid process of the ulna and posterrriorly to the olecranon process. Stabilizes the medial surface of the joint. |
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Term
| location of radial collateral ligament? Stabilizes ? |
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Definition
radial collateral ligament extends between the lateral epicondyle of the humerus and the annular ligament
stabilizes the lateral surface of the joint |
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Term
| describe annular ligament? |
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Definition
| annular ligament -binds proximal radial head to the ulna. attaches to the anterior and posterior margins of the radial notch on the ulna. |
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Term
| Describe the hip joint? type of joint? degree of motion? |
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Definition
the hip joint is a deep, well fitting, ball and socket joint, between the head of the femur and the acetabulum. Triaxial
degree of motion is restricted by the depth of the socket, the ligaments and tendons, surrounding the capsule, as well as by the ligamentum captis |
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Term
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Definition
| the hip joint acetabulum -fibrcartilage pad; fat pad covered by a synovial membrane-shock absorber |
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Term
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Definition
| hip fovea capitis? attachment site of the ligament of the femoral head (ligamentum capitis femoris) which orginates along the traverse actetabular ligament |
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Term
| Three hip joint ligaments |
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Definition
1. pubofemoral
2. lliofemoral
3. ischiofemoral |
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Term
| Hip -Pubofemoral ligaments |
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Definition
| pubofemoral liagment- from the pubic part of the acetabulum to the neck of the femur |
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Term
| Hip-lliofemoral ligaments |
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Definition
| lliofemoral from the anterior/inferior iliac spine and superior rim of the aceabulum to the intertrochateric line of the femur |
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Term
| Hip- ischiofemoral ligaments |
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Definition
| ischiofemoral from the ischial wall of the acetabulum to the neck of the femur |
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Term
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Definition
| knee joint- large round condyles of the femur sit on the relatively flat surface of the tibia/ patella/ medial and lateral meniscis. Fibrocartilage pads that lie between the femoral and tibia surfaces. acts as cushions; conform to the shape of the articulation surfaces of the femur changes position. Provides some lateral stability to the joint. |
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Term
| Describe the knee ligaments and the joint stability |
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Definition
anterior and posterior cruciate liagments.
between the intercondylar area of the tibia to the condyles of the femur.
keeps the femur from sliding forward off the top of the tibia when the knee is flexed. refer to their site of orgins int on the tibia and they cross each other as the progress to their destatinations on the femur |
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