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Articulations Ch. 9
N/A
59
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
09/16/2011

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Term
Define articulation
Definition
The site where rigid elements of the skeleton meet; joint
Term
What are the two categories for classifying articulations?
Definition
Structurally and functionally
Term
What are the three structural classifications of joints?
Definition
Fibrous joints (held together by dense collagen fibers), cartilaginous joints, and synovial joints (held together by ligaments)
Term
What are the three functional classifications of joints?
Definition
Synarthrotic (immovable), Amphiarthrotic (slightly movable), and Diarthrotic (freely movable)
Term
All synovial joints are _____
Definition
Diarthrotic
Term
What are the three types of fibrous joints?
Definition
Suture (skull), Syndesmosis (held together by ligament), and Gomphosis (peg-in-socket fibrous joint)
Term
What are the two types of cartilaginous joints?
Definition
Synchondroses (held together by hyaline cartilage) and Symphyses (held together by fibrous cartilage)
Term
What is the most common structural classification of joints?
Definition
Synovial joints
Term
Define synovial cavity
Definition
space between articulating bones
Term
Define synovial capsule
Definition
sleeve-like capsule that encloses synovial cavity
Term
What are the two components of the synovial capsule?
Definition
the outer fibrous capsule and the inner synovial membrane
Term
Define synovial fluid
Definition
viscous fluid secreted by the inner synovial membrane; reduces friction between joined bones; supplies nutrients and oxygen to joint cartilages
Term
Define and state the purpose of Articular Cartilage
Definition
hylaine cartilage at sites of articulation; shock absorption and decrease friction
Term
Define and state the purpose of Articular Discs
Definition
fibrocartilage inside the joint cavity; shock absorption and enhanced fit of articulating bones
Term
What are the six components of synovial joints?
Definition
synovial cavity, synovial capsule, synovial fluid, reinforcing ligaments, nervous innervation, and blood supply
Term
What are the three types of reinforcing ligaments of synovial joints?
Definition
capsular, extracapsular, and intracapsular
Term
Define and state the purpose of Bursa
Definition
thin, flat, sac-like structure containing synovial fluid that reduces friction between body part that rub together
Term
Define tendon sheaths
Definition
tube-like bursa that wraps around tendons
Term
What are the four types of movement at synovial joints?
Definition
Gliding, angular movements, rotation, and special movements
Term
What are the three places gliding occurs?
Definition
intercarpal joints, intertarsal joints, and intervertebral joints
Term
Define gliding
Definition
the side-to-side movement of flat bone surfaces
Term
Define flexion
Definition
moves bones closer together
Term
Define extension
Definition
moves bones away from each other
Term
Define hyperextension
Definition
continued extension beyond anatomical position
Term
Define ABduction
Definition
movement of bones away from the midline
Term
Define ADduction
Definition
movement of a bone toward the midline
Term
Define circumduction
Definition
movement of a body part in a circle
Term
Define External (lateral) rotation
Definition
anterior surface of a bone is turned away from the midline
Term
Define Internal (medial) rotation
Definition
anterior surface of bone is turned toward the midline
Term
Define elevation
Definition
upward movement of a body part
Term
Define depression
Definition
downwatd movement of a body part
Term
Define Protraction
Definition
movement of a body part anteriorly in the horizontal plane
Term
Define Retraction
Definition
return of a protracted body part to anatomical position
Term
Define inversion
Definition
movement of the sole medially
Term
Define eversion
Definition
movement of the sole laterally
Term
Define plantar flexion
Definition
pointing of the toes
Term
Define dorsiflexion
Definition
pulling your toes to your heel
Term
Define Supination
Definition
turning the palm anteriorly
Term
Define pronation
Definition
turning the palm posteriorly
Term
Define Opposition
Definition
movement of the thumb to touch the finger tips (only place this occurs)
Term
What are the six types of synovial joints?
Definition
Planar, Hinge, Pivot, Condyloid, Saddle, and Ball-and-Socket
Term
Define condyle
Definition
"knuckle"
Term
What are the two ball-and-socket joints?
Definition
femoral-coxal and glenohumeral joint
Term
What are ligaments made of?
Definition
Dense regular CT proper
Term
____ ligaments = _____ stability
Definition
more; more
Term
When increasing flexibility, what component of the body are you stretching?
Definition
the muscles
Term
What are the two components of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ)?
Definition
mandibular condyle and mandibular fossa
Term
What is the most easily disarticulated joint?
Definition
TMJ (temporomandibular joint )
Term
What are the components of the sternoclavicular joint?
Definition
sternal end of the clavicle and the sternoclavicular notch of the manubrium
Term
What are the two components of the Glenohumeral joint?
Definition
the head of the humerus and the glenoid fossa of the scapula
Term
What are the two components of the Femorocoxal joint?
Definition
the head of the femur and the acetabulum of the Os Coxa
Term
What are the three important extracapsular ligaments of the hip?
Definition
Ilofemoral ligament, Pubofemoral ligament, and he Ischiofemoral ligament
Term
What are the three components of the knee joint?
Definition
femur, tibia, and patella
Term
The knee joint is a combination of what two articulations?
Definition
femorotibial and femoropatellar
Term
What type of joint is the TMJ?
Definition
modified hing joint
Term
What type of joint is the Glenohumeral joint?
Definition
ball-and-socket joint
Term
What are the four important structures of the intracapsular area of the knee?
Definition
Lateral miniscus, posterior cruciate ligament (PCL), Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), and the medial meniscus
Term
Define crusciate
Definition
cross
Term
What are the components of the talocrural joint?
Definition
the inferior articular surfaces of the tibia/fibula and the trochlea of the talus
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