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Articulations 15
joints
88
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
10/11/2011

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Cards

Term
What is a synonym for articulation?
Definition
Joint
Term
What is the study of joints?
Definition
Arthrology
Term
How do mobility and stability relate to one another?
Definition
Inversely-as one increases the other decreases
Term
Based on structure (the type of connective tissue binding bones and whether a space occurs), what are the three types of joints?
Definition

-Fibrous

-Cartilaginous

-Synovial

Term
Based on function (the extent of movement), what are three types of joints?
Definition

-Synarthrosis

-Amphiarthrosis

-Diarthrosis

Term
What are three characteristics of fibrous joints?
Definition

-Joined by dense regular connective tissue

-immovable or only slightly movable

-no joint cavity

Term
Where do gomphoses occur in the human body?
Definition
Articulations of teeth
Term
How are gomphoses classified functionally?
Definition
Synarthrosis
Term

What is a suture?

 

Definition
Immovable fibrous joints
Term
Where to sutures occur in the human body? What is a suture?
Definition
Only in skull
Term
How are sutures classified functionally?
Definition
Synarthroses
Term
What is a syndesmosis?
Definition
Fibrous joints in which articulating bones are joined by long strands of dense regular connective tissue
Term
How are syndesmoses classified functionally?
Definition
Amphiarthroses
Term
What broad ligamentous sheet connect bones in a syndesmosis?
Definition
Interosseous Membrane
Term
Where do syndesmoses occur in the human body?
Definition
At the distal articulations between the radius and ulna and between the tibia and fibula
Term
List the three types of fibrous joints.
Definition

-Gomphosis

-Suture

-Syndesmosis

Term
Cartilaginous joints are obviously linked by cartilage. Do they have a joint cavity?
Definition
NO
Term
What type of cartilage joins bones in synchondroses?
Definition
Hyaline
Term
What is the example of synchondroses within growing bones?
Definition
Epiphyseal plates
Term
What are the two examples of synchondroses within the rib cage?
Definition

-The first sternocostal joint

-The costochondral joints

Term
What is the functional classification of synchondroses?
Definition
Synarthroses
Term
What type of cartilage holds bone together in symphyses?
Definition
Fibrocartilage
Term
What is the functional classification of symphyses?
Definition
Amphiarthroses
Term
List two examples of symphyses?
Definition

-Pubic symphysis

-Intervertebral joints between the bodies of vertebrae

Term
List the two types of cartilaginous joints?
Definition

-Synchondroses

-Symphyses

Term
Do synovial joints have a joint cavity?
Definition
Yes
Term
What is the functional classification of synovial joints?
Definition
Diarthroses
Term
What structure surrounds a synovial joint and forms its cavity?
Definition
Articular capsule (joint capsule)
Term
What is the outer layer of a joint capsule?
Definition
Fibrous (joint) capsule
Term
What is the inner layer of a joint capsule?
Definition
synovial membrane
Term
What liquid fills the joint cavity of a synovial joint?
Definition
Synovial fluid
Term
What structure forms the iquid that fills the joint cavity of a synovial joint?
Definition
Synovial membrane
Term
What are the three functions of synovial fluid?
Definition

-lubricates

-nourishes

-shock absorption

Term
What type of cartilage covers the articulating surfaces of bones in a synovial joint?
Definition
Hyaline Cartilage
Term
What is the thin layer of hyaline cartilage on the articulating surfaces of bones called?
Definition
Articular Cartilage
Term
What are the functions of articulating cartilage?
Definition

-Reduce friction

-Absorb compression

-prevents damage to articulating bones

Term
What are bands of dense regular connective tissue that join bone to bone?
Definition
Ligaments
Term
What is a fibrous saclike structure that is lined withs ynovial membrane, contains synovial fluid, and reduce friction during movement?
Definition
Bursa
Term
What are clongated bursae wrapped around tendons?
Definition
Tendon Sheaths
Term
Based on movement with respect three intersecting perpendicular planes, what type of synovial joint moves in one plane?
Definition
Uniaxial
Term
Based on movement with respect three intersecting perpendicular planes, what type of synovial joint moves in two planes?
Definition
Biaxial
Term
Based on movement with respect three intersecting perpendicular planes, what type of synovial joint moves in multiple planes?
Definition
Multiaxial (triaxial)
Term
Based on function, what type of joints are all synovial joints?
Definition
Diarthroses (freely movable)
Term
What type of synovial joint is uniaxial and is the simplest?
Definition
Plane (planar or gliding) joint
Term
What type of synovial joint is uniaxial and composed of one convex surface fitting into a concave surface and allows movement in only one plane?
Definition
Hinge Joint
Term
What type of s ynovial joint is uniaxial and is formed by a rounded surface fitting into a ring formed by a ligament and another bone? This type of joint allows the rotation of one bone around its long axis in relation to the second bone?
Definition
Pivot Joint
Term
What type of synovial joint is biaxial with an oval, convex surface on one bone artriculating with an oval, concave surface on a second bone?
Definition
Condylar (condyloid or ellipsoid) joint
Term
What type of synovial joint is formed by two opposing articular surfaces that are convex in one diection and concave in another nad that permit movements in all directions except axial rotation?
Definition
Saddle Joint
Term
What type of synovial joint is multiaxial and is formed by a spherical articulating head of one bone fitting into a rounded, cuplike socket on a second bone?
Definition
Ball-and-Socket joint
Term
What type of movement of a synovial joint involves a simple movement in which two opposing surfaces slide slightly back and forth or side to side with repect to one another? In this type the angle between the bones does not change and only limited movement is possible in any direction.
Definition
Gliding Motion
Term
What type of movement involves an increase or decrease in a joint angle?
Definition
Angular Motion
Term
What type of movement is the lateral carrying away of a body part from the midline?
Definition
Abduction (A-B-duction)
Term
What type of movement is the medial movement of a body part toward the midline?
Definition
Adduction (A-D-duction)
Term
What type of movement is a sequence of movements in which the proximal end of an appendage remains relatively stationary while the distal end makes a circular motion?
Definition
Circumduction
Term
What type of movement is a pivoting motion in which a bone turns on its own long axis so that the anterior surface moves laterally?
Definition
Lateral Rotation
Term
What type of movement is a pivoting motion in which a bone turns on its own long axis so that the anterior surface moves medially?
Definition
Medial Rotation
Term
What type of movement occurs so that the palm of the hand is directed posteriorly or inferiorly?
Definition
Pronation
Term
What type of movement occurs so that the palm of the hand is directed anteriorly or superiorly?
Definition
Supination
Term
What type of movement is the inferior movement of a body part?
Definition
Depression
Term
What type of movement is the superior movement of a body part?
Definition
Elevation
Term
What type of movement occurs when the dorsum of the foot or hand moves so that the angle between it and the limb decreases?
Definition
Dorsiflexion
Term
What type of movement occurs when the ankle joint moves to point the toes inferiorly?
Definition
Plantar flexion
Term
What type of movement occurs when the intertarsal joints are moved to turn the sole of the foot medially?
Definition
Inversion
Term
What type of movement occurs when the intertarsal joints are moved to face the sole of the foot laterally?
Definition
Eversion
Term
What type of movement occurs when a body part moves anteriorly in a horizontal plane?
Definition
Protraction
Term
What type of movement occurs when a body part moves posteriorly in a horizontal plane?
Definition
Retraction
Term
What movement occurs when the thumb moves toward the palmar tips of the fingers as it crosses the palm of the head?
Definition
Opposition
Term
What movement occurs when the thumb moves away from the palmar tips of the fingers?
Definition
Reposition
Term
what joint occurs between the temporal bone and the mandible?
Definition
Temporomandibular Joint
Term
What structures separate the bodies of the vertebrae from C2-C3 to L5-S1?
Definition
Intervertebral discs
Term
What are the two components of an intervertebral disc?
Definition

-Anulus fibrosus

-Nucleus pulposus

Term
Synovial joints occur between what parts of vertebrae from C2 to L5-S1?
Definition
Superior and Inferior articular processes
Term
What saddle joint is the only articulation between the pectoral girdle and the axial skeleton?
Definition
Sternoclavicular joint
Term
What joint occurs between the scapula and the clavicle?
Definition
Acromionclavicular joint
Term
What is the most unstable joint of the body?
Definition
Glenohumeral (shoulder) joint
Term
What three joints occur ar what is commonly called the elbow?
Definition

-Humeroulnar joint

-Humeroradial joint

-Proximal radioulnar joint

Term
Which of the two bones of the forearm is involved in the articulation with the carpals?
Definition
Radius
Term
Of the eight carpals, which are involved in the articulation with the forearm?
Definition

-Scaphoid

-Lunate

-Triquetrum

Term
What articulations occur between the carpals?
Definition
Intercarpal articulations
Term
What joints lie between the carpals and metacarpals?
Definition
Carpometacarpal joints
Term
What joints lie between the metacarpals and the phalanges?
Definition
Metacarpophalangeal Joints
Term
What joints lie between the proximal phalanx and the middle phalanx of digits 2-5
Definition
Proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints
Term
What joints lie between the middle phalanx and the distal phalanx of digits 2-5?
Definition
Distal interphalangeal (DIP) joints
Term
What joint lies between the phalanges of the first digit?
Definition
Interphalangeal joint
Term
What ligament originates along the acetabulum and attaches to the fovea capitis femoris? It must be cut during total hip arthroplasties which are relatively common.
Definition
Ligamentum teres (ligament of the head of femur- ligamentum capitus femoris)
Term
What two articulations make up the knee?
Definition

-Tibiofemoral joint

-Patellofemoral joint

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