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Articular System
1F
71
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
01/17/2011

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Term
What does Articulus mean?
Definition
Latin for articulation
Term
What is Arthology?
Definition
Study of joints
Term
What is Arthron mean, and in what language?
Definition
Greek for joint
Term
What does Arthritis mean?
Definition
Inflammation of the joints
Term
How do you classify joints?
Definition
By the nature of the intervening tissuse
Term
What are the three different kinds of joints?
Definition
a. fibrous
b. cartilaginous
c. synovial
Term
Fibrous joints
Definition
intervening tissuse is merely fibrous connective tissuse
Term
Cartilaginous
Definition
intervening tissuse is cartilage
Term
Synovial joint
Definition
intervening tissuse is synovial fluid
Term
Sutures....how is it formed? Surfaces look ____?
Definition
formed by bones whose articulating surfaces are serated.
Term
intergigitating borders are held together by ______
Definition
fibrous connective tissuse
Term
Can sutures move?
Definition
no
Term
fibrous connective tissuse type suture is only on the _____
Definition
skull
Term
Syndesmoses have _____ intervening connective tissuse that sutures.
Definition
MORE
Term
Is a syndesmoses joint moveable?
Definition
only slightly
Term
Syndesmoses is located between two bones of the _____ and two bones of the _____
Definition
forearm, leg
Term
Ex of syndesmosis
Definition
interosseous membrane between radius and ulna
Term
Cartilaginous joint; hyaline cartilage joint. what is it?
Definition
a joint in which the intervening tissuse is hyaline cartilage
Term
Can hyaline cartilage move?
Definition
no
Term
describe a epiphyseal disc. what is it made out of? where is it? does it last?
Definition
hyaline cartilage, between epiphysis and diaphysis of growing bones, no
Term
What is a fibrocartilaginous joint?
Definition
A joint in which the intervening tissuse is fibrocartilage
Term
Is a fibrocartilaginous joint moveable?
Definition
only slightly
Term
There are only two locations of a fibrocartilaginous joint, where are they?
Definition
A. Intervertebral discs
B. Interpubic disc
Term
What is a synovial joint?
Definition
A joint in which the intervening tissue is synovial fluid.
Term
In a synovial joint, the ends of the articulating bones are covered in _____
Definition
hyaline cartilge
Term
is a synovial joint vascular?
Definition
no
Term
does a synovial joint have nerves?
Definition
no
Term
can a synovial joint be picked up by xray?
Definition
no
Term
The articular capsule accomplishes what?
Definition
connects two bones, encircles the joints, and closes synovial cavity
Term
Describe the articular capsule outer layer?
Definition
A)outer, is fibrous, continous with periosteum
Term
Articular capsules inner layer is called the?
Definition
synovial membrane
Term
is the synovial membrane vascular? does it nourish cartilage? where is synoial fluid derived from?
Definition
yes, yes, blood
Term
Dorsiflexion
Definition
moving dorsum (front of foot) towards anterior leg. (toes pointed up)
Term
plantar flexion
Definition
moving the dorsum of of the fod away from the anterior leg (toes pointed down)
Term
Eversion
Definition
moving the lateral surface of the foot superiorly
Term
Inversion
Definition
moving the medial surface of the foot superiorly
Term
What are the three things that limit movement?
Definition
A. Bone shape
B. Ligaments
C. muscles
Term
How are synovial joints classified?
Definition
synovial joints are classified according to the shapes of the articular surfaces of the constituent bones
Term
Synovial joint, type plane. Articular sufaces almost _____. Allows _____ or ______ movements. Ex: _____ or _______ bones
Definition
flat, sliding or gliding, carpal or tarsal.
Term
synovial joint, type hinge. What is it made of?
Definition
one or more convex projections fitting into a concave surface or surfaces
Term
What kind of movement does a hinge allow? In how many planes?
Definition
extension or flexion, one plane
Term
synovial joint type pivot. What does it consist of?
Definition
a rounded projection rotating within a concave depression
Term
what kind of movement does a pivot allow?
Definition
medial or lateral rotation around a longitudinal axis. ex: radius and ulna
Term
synovial joint type condyloid, what does it consist of?
Definition
A condyloid projection fitting into a concave depression
Term
What kind of movement can a condyloid joint have?
Definition
flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, in two planes. (frontal and saggital) Ex: wrist
Term
Synovial joint type saddle, what does it consist of?
Definition
articular surfaces are reciprocally concave-convex.
Term
What kind of movement does a synovial joint type saddle have?
Definition
flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, in two planes. Plus rotation
Term
synovial joint type ball and socket, what does it consist of?
Definition
Articular surfaces present a spherical surface of 1 bone moving within a socket o the other bone
Term
what kind of movement can ball and socket have?
Definition
circumduction, rotation and in an infinite number of planes
Term
As the degree of movement ______, the stability of a joint ________.
Definition
Increases, decreases
Term
What is a bursa?
Definition
a small connective tissue sac lined with a synovial membrane. It contains a synovial-like fluid.
Term
What does bursa mean? in what language?
Definition
Purse = greek
Term
Bursitis
Definition
Inflammation of the bursa
Term
What is a bursas function?
Definition
helps movement by minimizing friction between two moving structures
Term
What is a bursas structure like?
Definition
Small closed connective tissue sac lined with a secretory synovial membrane.
Term
What is a bursa filled with?
Definition
a clear viscous fluid which is secreted by the synoval membrane
Term
What is an elongated bursa called?
Definition
A synovial sheath
Term
What is a retinacula?
Definition
Connective tissue structures that retain tendons
Term
what is a tendon?
Definition
tough fibrous connective tissue
Term
what is a ligament?
Definition
fibrous tissue that connects bones together
Term
Where can synovial sheaths be found?
Definition
by the tendons of the wrists and ankles and the retinacula (connective tissue structures that retain tendons) of the wrist and ankle
Term
Bursas are found in places where two things come in contact and need a reduction of friction. Four places where this commonly occurs is between...
1) _____ and bone
2) _______ and bone
3) _______ and bones
4) _______ and _______
Definition
1) skin
2) tendons
3) muscles
4) tendon and retinacula
Term

Ex of bursa between...

skin and bone?

tendons and bone?

muscle and bone?

tendon and retinacula?

Definition

A) elbow and knee

b) ankle

c) shoulder

d) wrist and ankle

Term
synarthroses
Definition
fibrous
Term
amphiarthroses
Definition
cartilaginous
Term
diarthroses
Definition
synovial
Term
gingylmus
Definition
hinge
Term
trochoid
Definition
pivot
Term
ellipsoidal
Definition
condyloid
Term
sellar
Definition
saddle
Term
spheroidea
Definition
ball and socket
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