patrician

The term patrician originally referred to a group of elite families in ancient Rome, including both their natural and adopted members. In the late Roman Empire, the class was broadened to include high council officials

Verism

Verism was often used by the Romans in marble sculptures of heads. Verism, often described as "warts and all", shows the imperfections of the subject, such as warts, wrinkles and furrows. It zeroes in on the minuscule details of the human head. 

triumphal arch

A triumphal arch is a monumental structure in the shape of an archway with one or more arched passageways, often designed to span a road. 

Tetrarchy

The term Tetrarchy (Greek: "leadership of four [people]") describes any form of government where power is divided among four individuals, but in modern usage usually refers to the system instituted by Roman Emperor Diocletian in 293

The plebs was the general body of free, land-owning Roman citizens (as distinguished from slaves and the capite censi) in Ancient Rome. It was the non-aristocratic class of Rome and consisted of freed people, shopkeepers, crafts people, skilled or unskilled workers, and farmers. 

A groin vault or groined vault (also sometimes known as a double barrel vault or cross vault) is produced by the intersection at right angles of two barrel vaults. The word groin refers to the edge between the intersecting vaults. 

Damnatio memoriae is the Latin phrase literally meaning "condemnation of memory" in the sense of a judgment that a person must not be remembered. 

A continuous narrative is a type of narrative that illustrates multiple scenes of a narrative within a single frame

A coffer (or coffering) in architecture, is a sunken panel in the shape of a square, rectangle, or octagon in a ceiling, soffit or vault.[

The Latin word basilica has three distinct applications in modern English. The word was originally used to describe a Roman public building, usually located in the forum of a Roman town. 

A barrel vault, also known as a tunnel vault or a wagon vault, is an architectural element formed by the extrusion of a single curve (or pair of curves, in the case of a pointed barrel vault) along a given distance. 

Augustus was the founder of the Roman Empire and its first Emperor, ruling from 27 BC until his death in 14 AD.

Atmospheric perspective – also called aerial perspective – is the effect you getwhen far away objects take on the colors of atmospheric haze

A tumulus (plural tumuli) is a mound of earth and stones raised over a grave or graves. 

Tufa is a variety of limestone, formed by the precipitation of carbonate minerals from ambient temperature water bodies. 

Terracotta is a type of earthenware, is a clay-based unglazed or glazed ceramic,[2] where the fired body is porous

Capitoline Wolf. Traditional scholarship says the wolf-figure is Etruscan. Recent studies suggest that the wolf may be a medieval sculpture dating from the 13th century AD.

Romulus and Remus are the twin brothers and central characters of Rome's foundation myth. Their mother is Rhea Silvia, daughter to Numitor, king of Alba Longa

A necropolis is a large cemetery or burial ground, usually including structural tombs. 

A volute is a spiral scroll-like ornament that forms the basis of the Ionic order, found in the capital of the Ionic column. It was later incorporated into Corinthian order and Composite column capitals. 

Triglyph is an architectural term for the vertically channeled tablets of the Doric frieze, so called because of the angular channels in them, two perfect and one divided, the two chamfered angles or hemiglyphs being reckoned as one. 

a stylobate is the top step of the crepidoma, the

stepped platform on which colonnades of temple columns are placed (it is the floor of the temple). 

Pythagoras of Samos  was an Ionian Greek philosopher, mathematician, and founder of the religious movement called Pythagoreanism. 

Polykleitos called the Elder,[1] was a Greek sculptor in bronze of the fifth and the early 4th century BCE.

Polis literally means city in Greek. It could also mean citizenship and body of citizens. 

Phidias, or The Great Pheidias, was a Greek sculptor, painter and architect, who lived in the 5th century BC, and is commonly regarded as one of the greatest of all sculptors of Classical Greece

Peripteral A temple or other structure where the columns of the front portico are returned along its sides as wings at the distance of one or two intercolumniations from the walls of the naos or cella. 

Pericles was the most prominent and influential Greek statesmen, orator, and general of Athens during the Golden Age—specifically, the time between the Persian and Peloponnesian wars.

A pediment is a classical architectural element consisting of the triangular section found above the horizontal structure (entablature), typically supported by columns. 

the Orientalizing period is the cultural and art historical period informed by the art of Anatolia, Syria, Assyria, Phoenicia and Egypt, which started during the later part of the 7th century BCE.[

a metope is a rectangular architectural element that fills the space between two triglyphs in a Doric frieze, which is a decorative band of alternating triglyphs and metopes above the architrave of a building of the Doric order. 

A krater is a large vase used to mix wine and water in Ancient Greece.

A kouros is the modern term[1] given to male youths which first appear in the Archaic period in Greece. 

In Greek mythology, Persephone is the daughter of Zeus and the harvest-goddess Demeter, and queen of the underworld. 

Kore is the name given to a type of free-standing ancient Greek sculpture of the Archaic period made of wood, terra cotta, limestone, or white marble.     

The Ionic order forms one of the three orders or organizational systems of classical architecture, the other two canonic orders being the Doric and the Corinthian. 

The Hellenistic period or Hellenistic civilization is the period of ancient Greek history between the death of Macedonian king Alexander the Great in 323 BC and the emergence of ancient Rome.

In architecture the Frieze is the wide central section part of an entablature and may be plain in the Ionic or Doric order, or decorated with bas-reliefs. 

Fluting in architecture refers to the shallow grooves running vertically along a surface.

In architecture, Entasis is the application of a convex curve to a surface for aesthetic purposes.

An Entablature refers to the superstructure of moldings and bands which lie horizontally above columns, resting on their capitals. 

Encaustic painting, also known as hot wax painting, involves using heated beeswax to which colored pigments are added. 

The Doric order was one of the three orders or organizational systems of ancient Greek or classical architecture; the other two canonical orders were the Ionic and the CorinthianOf the three columns found in Greece, Doric columns are the simplest. 

The Corinthian order is the latest of the three principal classical orders of ancient Greek and Roman architecture. 

Contrapposto is an Italian term that means counterpose. It is used in the visual arts to describe a human figure standing with most of its weight on one foot so that its shoulders and arms twist off-axis from the hips and legs.    

In classical architecture, a Colonnade denotes a long sequence of columns joined by their entablature, often free-standing, or part of a building

Column or pillar in architecture and structural engineering is a structural element that transmits, through compression, the weight of the structure above to other structural elements below, in other words a column is a compression member. 

Lost-wax casting (also called by its French name, cire perdue) is the process by which a metal (such as silver, gold, brass or bronze) sculpture is cast from an artist's sculpture. 

In Greek mythology, a Centaur or hippocentaur is a member of a composite race of creatures, part human and part horse. 

A Cella or naos is the inner chamber of a temple in classical architecture, or a shop facing the street in domestic Roman architecture (see domus). 

A caryatid is a sculpted female figure serving as an architectural support taking the place of a column or a pillar supporting an entablature on her head. 

Canon may refer to any standard or convention. 

Athens: is the capital and largest city of Greece. 

An architrave from Italian: architrave, also called an epistyle is the lintel or beam that rests on the capitals of the columns. 

The Archaic period in Greece (800 BC – 480 BC) was a period of ancient Greek history

that followed the Greek Dark Ages. This period saw the rise of the polis (city-states) and the founding of colonies

The agora was a central spot in ancient Greek city-states. The literal meaning of the word is "gathering place" or "assembly". 

The Acropolis of Athens is an ancient citadel located on a high rocky outcrop above the city of Athens and containing the remains of several ancient buildings of great architectural and historic significance

Labyrinth- was an elaborate structure designed and built by the legendary artificer Daedalus for King Minos of Crete atKnossos. Its function was to hold the Minotaur

Cyclades- is a Greek island group in the Aegean Sea, southeast of mainland Greece and a former administrative prefecture of Greece. 

True Fresco- is a technique of mural painting executed upon freshly laid lime plaster. Water is used as the vehicle for the pigment and, with the setting of the plaster, the painting becomes an integral part of the wall. 

Knossos-  is the largest Bronze Age archaeological site on Crete and considered as Europe's oldest city

Crete-  is the largest and most populous of the Greek islands, the fifth-largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, and one of the thirteen administrative regions of Greece. 

King Minos- Minos was a king of Crete, son of Zeus and Europa. Every year he made King Aegeus pick seven young boys and seven young girls to be sent to Daedalus' creation, the labyrinth, to be eaten by the Minotaur. 

Repousse-  is a metalworking technique in which a malleable metal is ornamented or shaped by hammering from the reverse side to create a design in low relief.

Homer- In the Western classical tradition, Homer is the author of the Iliad and the Odyssey, and is revered as the greatest of ancient Greek epic poets. 

Citadel – A citadel is a fortress protecting a town, sometimes incorporating a castle. The term derives from the same Latin root as the word "city", civis, meaning citizen.

Heinrich Schliemann – Heinrich Schliemann was a German businessman and a pioneer of field archaeology. He was an advocate of the historical reality of places mentioned in the works of Homer. 

Arthur Evans – Sir Arthur John Evans (8 July 1851 – 11 July 1941) was a British archaeologist most famous for unearthing the palace of Knossos on the Greek island of Crete and for developing the concept of Minoan civilization from the structures and artifacts found there and elsewhere throughout the eastern Mediterranean. 

Megaron – The megaron (plural megara) is the great hall of the Grecian Palace complexes. It was a rectangular Hall, fronted by an open, two-columned porch, and a more or less central

Cyclopean masonry – is a type of stonework found in Mycenaean architecture, built with massive limestone boulders, roughly fitted together with minimal clearance between adjacent stones and no use of mortar. 

Aegean – : of or relating to the arm of the Mediterranean Sea east of Greece

2

: of or relating to the chiefly Bronze Age civilization of the islands of the Aegean Sea and the countries adjacent to it