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Arm and Elbow Joint
Rinaldi 1/31/11 lecture
59
Anatomy
Undergraduate 4
01/30/2011

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Cards

Term
skin, superficial fascia, deep fascia, muscles
Definition
layers of the arm
Term
superficial fascia
Definition
cutaneous nerves and veins within this layer
Term
deep fascia
Definition
muscles deep to this layer, sheath that encloses the arm
Term
fascia of pectoral and axillary regions, also deep fascia of the forearm
Definition
what is the deep fascia of the arm continuous with?
Term
epicondyles of humerus and olecranon of ulna
Definition
where the deep fascial of the arm attaches
Term
medial/lateral intermuscular septa
Definition
this divides the arm compartments into anterio and posterior compartments
Term
this is more common in the lower limb where the fascia is thick. Deep arteries, nerves, and veins contained withing the deep fascia are pressed upon by swollen tissues (muscles) because the fascia does not stretch or expand, this pressure cuts off vital blood supply causing tissue death (surgical emergency)
Definition
what is compartment syndrome, how/why does it occur?
Term
basillic and cephallic veins
Definition
main cutaneous veins of the (arm) upper limb
Term
dorsal venous arch
Definition
where the cephalic and basilic veins originate from
Term
median cubital vein
Definition
this vein is a communication between basilic and cephalic
Term
perforating veins
Definition
these veins provide communication between the superficial and deep veins
Term
it is not accompanied by cutaneous nerves
Definition
why the median cubital nerve is used for venipuncture
Term
it cuts off the upper superficial veins of the arm, then contracting the muscles of the forearm shunts the blood from the deep veins to the superficial veins of the forearm so they are more easily palpated
Definition
what does a tourniquet/squeezing a ball do
Term
just slightly less common is the presence of a median cephalic and median basilic
Definition
what is the alternative to the median cubital
Term
biceps brachii, brachialis, coracobrachialis
Definition
what muscles are in the anterior compartment of the arm
Term
supraglenoid tubercle, the tendon pierces the fibrous joint capsule so it is wrapped in synovial fluid
Definition
origin of biceps long head
Term
coracoid process
Definition
origin of biceps brachii short head
Term
biceps brachii short head, pectoralis minor, coracobrachialis (+ 4 ligaments: coracoclavicular ligament, coracoacromial ligament, coracohumeral ligament, superior transverse scapular(humeral) ligament
Definition
what attaches to the coracoid process
Term
radial tuberosity
Definition
insertion of biceps brachii
Term
C5-C7 (musculocutaneous nerve)
Definition
innervation of biceps brachii
Term
*****supinator*****of the forearm, flexion of elbow(and shoulder)
Definition
action of biceps
Term
brachialis
Definition
most important elbow flexor, stronger than biceps
Term
anterior humerus
Definition
origin of brachialis
Term
tuberosity of ulna
Definition
insertion of brachialis
Term
musculocutaneous nerve
Definition
innervation of brachialis
Term
coracoid process
Definition
origin of coracobrachialis
Term
upper medial humerus
Definition
insertion of coracobrachialis
Term
musculocutaneous nerve
Definition
innervation of coarcobrachialis
Term
the anterior compartment (biceps brachii, brachialis, coracobrachialis
Definition
things innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve
Term
adduction and flexion of the glenohumeral joint
Definition
action of the coracobrachialis
Term
bicipital aponeurosis
Definition
part of the biceps that blends with the deep fascia of the forearm
Term
between the anterior and posterior compartment of the arm
Definition
where the vessels and nerves of the arm run
Term
bicipital groove
Definition
surface anatomy marker of the location of the nerves and vessels of the arm
Term
proximal-lateral side of artery
distal-medial side of arter

they cross at the cubital fossa
Definition
what side of the brachial artery the median nerve is on in the proximal arm? in the distal arm?
Term
just deep to the bicipital aponeuruosis
Definition
where the brachial artery and median nerve cross the elbow joint
Term
posterior to medial epicondyle-superficial and vulnerable to injury
Definition
where the ulnar nerve passes the elbow
Term
blood gas is drawn from the arteries so the needle should be more perpendicular to the arm, rather than parallel as would be normal for an IV (venous line)
Definition
where is blood gas drawn from, and what should the position of the needle be?
Term
lateral- posterior humerus above radial groove
medial- posterior humerus below radial groove
long- infraglenoid tubercle (biceps was supra)
Definition
what are the 3 head of the triceps and where do they originate?
Term
olecranon
Definition
insertion of triceps brachii
Term
triceps + anconeous
Definition
muscles of the posterior compartment
Term
radial nerve
Definition
innervation of triceps
Term
extension of elbow (all 3 heads)
long head-extension of shoulder
Definition
action of triceps
Term
lateral epicondyle of humerus
Definition
origin of anconeus
Term
posterior ulna & olecranon
Definition
insertion of anconeus
Term
superior-teres minor
inferior-teres major
medial-long head of triceps
lateral-surgical neck of humerus
Definition
what are the boundaries of the quadrangular space (superior, inferior, medial, lateral)
Term
axillary nerve
Definition
this nerve is vulnerable to a break of the humerus at the surgical neck
Term
radial nerve
Definition
anconeus innervation
Term
radial nerve
Definition
posterior compartment of arm innervation
Term
lateral rotation, abduction, sensory
Definition
what actions are lost when the axillary nerve is compressed
Term
radial nerve, profunda brachii artery & vein
Definition
lies in the radial groove between the lateral and medial head of the triceps
Term
radial nerve
Definition
what is compressed/damaged in saturday night palsy?
Term
wrist drop-cannot extend the wrist
Definition
what are the clinical findings of saturday night palsy?
Term
when the ulna is dislocated, the nerve gets stretched
Definition
when is the ulnar nerve vulnerable to injury
Term
1.5 flexors of intrinsic hand muscles are messed up, but radial side of arm is fine, (C8 is messed up)
Definition
what happens when the ulnar nerve is damaged
Term
between the skin and the bone behind the ulna (in the elbow) this gets irritated in bed ridden people
Definition
where is the olecranon bursa and what is significant about it
Term
thickening of the medial and lateral fibrous joint capsule, found at a hing joint
Definition
what is a collateral ligament (in the elbow)
Term
radial collateral and ulnar collateral
Definition
what are the two collateral ligaments int eh elbow
Term
articular cartilage
Definition
what is the annular ligament lined with in the elbow
Term
ulnar collateral anterior, posterior, and transverse parts, don't want rotation on this side
Definition
what ligaments re-enforce the hinge joint (on the ulnar side) not present on the radial side of the elbow(for freedom of movement purposes), why?
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