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APUSH Unit #10
Shoemaker
70
History
11th Grade
03/28/2013

Additional History Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Beginning in the 1920's, the U.S. began to sink back into _________ that preceded the progressive era.
Definition
isolationism
Term
Particularly, Americans entered a period where they were blaming all of their problems on foreigners. American's entered the "___________" during the early 20's, wherein they were especially worried over the growth of communism
Definition
the "Red Scare"
Term
The "Red Scare" was fueled by multiple factors:
the recent revolution in _________, Eugene Debs gaining many _________ followers, the increase in _________, and a series of __________.
Definition
Russia,
socialist,
union strikes,
mail bombs
Term
During the "Red Scare", radicals were hunted down, and antiforeignism was on the rise:
Atty. General Mitchell Palmer was called the "Fighting Quaker" because...
In 1919, the Buford AKA the "Soviet Ark"...
Definition
...because he was notorious for hunting down radicals who were suspected communists. He arrested over 6,000 suspected communists.
...was an infamous ship that deported over 200 suspected communists
Term
Legislative changes were caused by the "Red Scare":
A number of legislatures passed ___________ laws, (anti-red laws) that made it unlawful the mere ________ of violence to secure social change. Critics to it argued that sheer words were not powerful enough to earn jail time.

As well, in New York, five members of the elected legislature were denied their seats because...
Definition
criminal syndicalism laws,
advocacy,

...they were Socialists
Term
The faces of the "Red Scare" were Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti. They were ___________ convicted for the murder of a Massachusetts paymaster and his guard. They are remembered because while there was evidence against them, they were mainly convicted and later executed because they were _____, _______, and ________.
Definition
Italian immigrants,
Italian, athiests, and anarchists
Term
In the 1920's, the Ku Klux Klan evolved from just being racist to BASICALLY HATING EVERYONE BESIDES THEMSELVES. They were a huge force of the _____ movement at the time. They were pro-white, _____________ people. They hated Christians, Jews, pacifists, communists, etc. They were able to gain over ________ members during their height in the 1920's. HOWEVER, they were given a huge setback when they were discovered to charge a __$ initiation fee, __$ of which was used to pay __________ as an incentive to recruit more members, and ultimately a __________ was taken.
Definition
nativist,
Anglo-Saxon protestant,
10$,
4$,
local organizations,
congressional investigation
Term
Preceding anti-immigration laws of the 1920's, in the time between 1920 and 1921, over _______ European immigrants came to America (GOOD TO KNOW FOR ESSAYS)
Definition
800,000
Term
In the early 1920's, measures were taken to limit the amount of "___________" (mostly european) from entering the U.S.:

The ______________ Act of 1921 cut the number of immigrants who could enter America by limiting the amount to __% of their nationality's U.S. population in ____. It was in some ways unaffective because the immigration populations in that year were... Therefore a new bill was desired.
--
The answer to that desire was the ___________ Act of 1924, which cut the number of incoming immigrants further by limiting the amount to __% of the group's U.S. population in _____. THIS ACT LEFT THE __________ INCAPABLE OF COMING TO THE U.S. ENTIRELY, which resulted in growing Japanese tension and "________" rallies in Japan. Furthermore, it left canadians and latin-americans out of the equations because they were...
Definition
"New Immigrants",
The Emergency Quota Act of 1921,
3%,
1910,
...the populations were so large in that year that it made little difference to the amount of incoming immigrants,
The Immigration Act of 1924,
2%,
1890,
Japanese,
"hate america" rallies,
...they were sought after to take undesired jobs in the U.S.
Term
By the 1930's, the effects of the immigration law of 1924 was that more foreigners were...
Definition
leaving America, rather then entering
Term
In ____, the 18th Amendment was passed, prohibiting the use of _________. It was made official with the ____________ Act later that year. The amendment was more popular in the South and West (The South supported it because they wanted to keep stimulants away from ________, and the West supported it because it represented an attack on all vices associated with _________ AKA public drunkeness, prostitution, crime, etc.). MANY HOWEVER violated the law and didn't pay any mind to it. "___________" grew in number, allowing people to access bars/clubs, and "homebrew" became popular. Prohibition wasn't entirely ineffective...bank savings ______ and the common work ethic __________
Definition
1919,
alcohol,
Valstead Act,
blacks,
saloons,
"speakeasies",
increased,
increased
Term
Prohibition triggered an increase in organized crime. ______ emerged in order to gain control of local "speakeasies", narcotica, booze, whore houses, etc. ________ was the city that led the gang world, with over ___ gangsters being murdered there. _______________ was the biggest and baddest gangster, and he was named "Public Enemy Number One", yet he was jailed for tax evasion. By 1930, the annual "take" of gangsters was between 12 and 18 ______.
Definition
Gangs,
Chicago,
500,
Al Capone,
billion dollars
Term
Prohibition triggered an increase in organized crime. ______ emerged in order to gain control of local "speakeasies", narcotica, booze, whore houses, etc. ________ was the city that led the gang world, with over ___ gangsters being murdered there. _______________ was the biggest and baddest gangster, and he was named "Public Enemy Number One", yet he was jailed for tax evasion. By 1930, the annual "take" of gangsters was between 12 and 18 ______.
Definition
Gangs,
Chicago,
500,
Al Capone,
billion dollars
Term
Common education in the 1920's began to grow and expand:
Suddenly, more kids (___ in 4) were graduating from high school. __________ was a strong educational mind that helped the educational field progress because of his believe in "_______________". Moreover, the ____________ Foundation helped to better nutrition and healthcare which ended up...
Definition
1 in 4,
John Dewey,
"learning by doing".
Rockefeller Foundation,
...which ended up increasing the national life expectancy to 59 years in 1929, which is remarkable considering in 1901 the life expectancy was 50
Term
In order to combat the growth of Darwinism, ____________ began to grow in number. They were people who believed in a literal meaning of the bible. An important event to remember was the __________ trial, wherein a teacher named John Scopes IN TENNESSE was trialed for breaking a newly enacted law which...
In the end, William Jennings Bryan (presidential candidate turned lawyer) won the case on the _________ side (AKA Scopes LOST).
Definition
Fundamentalism,
Monkey Scopes Trial,
...which prohibited the teaching of evolution in school,
creationism
Term
Despite the Great Depression, the economy in the 20's experienced mostly growth. This was possible through treasury sec. ___________'s tax policy, which stimulated capital investment. Henry Ford's perfection of the _________ was then applied to other companies, making production lower in cost and beginning mass consumption
Definition
Andrew Mellon,
assembly line,
Term
With the growing economy, the ________ business began! ___________ led the way in the field, and he wrote a book titled The Man Nobody Knows, stating that Jesus was the best advertiser ever. Many people bought into the scams that advertisements sold, and because they would begin to buy on the _________ plan or on _______, many unsuspecting people were thrown into debt
Definition
advertising,
Bruce Barton,
installment plan,
on credit
Term
Thanks to the development of the assembly line and the growth of cars in the nation, America was sent into a new __________________.
Definition
industrial age
Term
___________ promoted efficiency in production by timing his workers. __________ and ____________ (creator of the Oldsmobile) were early moguls in the car industry. Their methods were so economical, their cars became so affordable that nearly 1 in 5 Americans had an automobile
Definition
Fredrick Taylor,
Henry Ford and Ransom E. Olds,
Term
The growth of the car industry provided __________ new jobs, and quickly became the #1 mode of transportation. ______ felt heavy competition from the car industry. Cars were extremely unsafe, therefore the motto of the new car age was that the "____________________". While cars provided newfound independence for young individuals, by ______ over 1 million people died in car crashes
Definition
6 million new jobs,
Trains,
"The people be rammed",
1950
Term
____________ made it possible for aviation to be discovered. In _____, Orville and Wilbur Wright...
Beginning in the 1920's, commercial companies began to operate passenger lines with airmail contracts. The first ___________ airmail route started from New York to San Francisco in 1920. Soon enough (the 1930's), planes were safer than driving and therefore...
Definition
gasoline engines,
1905,
...were the first men to fly
transcontinental airmail route,
...therefore became the preferred way to travel
Term
In 1927, ______________ became the first man to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean. The purpose of doing so was for a contest, and afterward he won 25,000. Himself, and his plane "_____________", instantly became an American hero. A reason he became so famous was because he was a symbol for the "_________" youth, whereas while other young people were partying, he was sticking with tradition and becoming a pioneer in a rapidly growing and important field of technology
Definition
Charles Lindenbergh,
The Spirit of St. Louis,
"Anti jazz" youth
Term
The radio was first invented in _____, however 1920 marked the first voice-transmitting radio. The _______ radio station from Pittsburgh was the first to carry the news over the radiowaves, when they brought the results of Warren Harding's election in 1920. Radio grew so much, that entreprenuer ____________'s radio station grew to be over 500 Watts (which nowadays is illegal) and was able to be heard by the entire country
Definition
1890,
KDKA radio station,
Powel Croseley's radio station,
Term
The radio had many social effects:
It allowed everyone to receive _________ at the same time,
It connected families back to ___________,
It created a golden oppurtunity for ___________,
It made it easier to follow your favorite __________,
and it made ___________ begin to experiment in using that form of media to their benefit
Definition
news,
the home/family roots,
advertisers,
sports team,
politicians
Term
Movies were also being developed in the 1920's. The first movie was in 1903, however the first feature length film was made in 1913 by ___________, and was called The Birth of a Nation. The Jazz SInger in 1927 was the first "_________" film
Definition
D.W. Griffin,
"talkie" film
Term
In the 1920's, ________ were higher populated than rural areas. This marked the change in American social history, making the U.S. an urban society (instead of an _______ society). This break came with great culture clash, of traditional vs. modern or old vs. new ( EX: scopes monkey trial)
Definition
urban cities,
agrarian society
Term
Margaret Sanger was known for __________. Alice Paul developed The ________________ Party in 1923 in order to obtain an equal rights amendment for women in the constitution
Definition
promoting the birth-control,
The National Women's Party,
Term
"___________" were the growing force pushing against Fundamentalists. These people believed in God, but considered him almost a friend, instead of someone to be constantly seeking forgiveness from
Definition
Modernists
Term
The "flaming youth" of the 1920's were known to be scandalous, and always ready to party. Young women often became "_________", willing to drink, fornicate, and openly talk about sex (which freaked out old people). All of these social changes allowed for Scott Fitzgerald to coin the phrase "_______________"
Definition
"flappers",
"The Jazz Age"
Term
Black communities were blossoming with pride for their cause in the 20's. _________, with 100,000 black people, became one of the most heavily black communities in the world. Lagston Hughes was a popular black poet, who wrote ______________ in 1926. ___________ was an important political leader, who founded the United Negro Improvement Association (UNIA), which promoted resettlement of American blacks to __________. Furthermore, the organization sponsored ____________ in hopes that any money the black man made stayed with them.
Definition
Harlem,
The Weary Blues,
Marcus Garvey,
...blacks to their African homeland,
...sponsored black enterprises
Term
In general, the social movement in the 1920's in which there was a massive growth of black pride was the "________________". It was led by writers such as Langston Hughes, __________, and _________. Also, jazz musicians such as ________ and __________ led the movement.
Definition
The "Harlem Renaissance",
Claude McKay, Zora Neale,
Louis Armstong, Eubie Blake,
Term
___________ was a budding concept that exemplified the changes in 1920's society because it combined old and new concepts to create something brilliant. __________ was a famous architect of the time who remains known for first combining "form follows function".
Definition
Architecture,
Frank Lloyd Wright,
Term
The 1920's was a TURNING POINT in literature:
H.L. Mencken used comedy and wit to mock society in his ___________.
F. Scott Fitzgerald is probably the BEST writer of this era. Besides coining the term "the Jazz Age", he is best known for writing The Great Gatsby and ____________, both books highlighting the senselessness and glamor of the 20's.
Theodore Dreiser wrote in a crude, realist style in his horror novel ______________.
Ernest Hemingway was an ideal writer who coined the voice of the "Lost Generation" (i.e. ...), and is known for writing books as The Sun Also Rises and ____________.
Sherwood Anderson wrote about the negatives of the small town in __________
Sinclair Lewis wrote about small town America and consumerism in _________,
William Faulkner depicted the Southern perspective, which sometimes confused readers for his new "stream of consciousness" writing style, particularly in ___________
Ezra Pound and T.S. Eliot wrote a poem entitled ___________, and Robert Frost wrote of New England in the poem ____________.
Eguene O'Neill was one of the first great playwrights, with such a work as ____________.
Definition
American Monthly,
This Side of Paradise,
An American Tragedy,
A Farewell to Arms,
Winseburg, Ohio
Main Street,
The Sound,
The Wasteland,
The Road Not Taken,
Strange Interlude,
Term
The major reasons for the economic crash of the 20's were _____________ and _______________. The national debt multiplied ___ times over from 1914 to 1920 because rising stock prices created a "______" atmosphere, which drove the market higher until it crumbled
Definition
overspeculation,
buying from credit (or borrowed money),
multiplied 20 times over,
"buy now" atmosphere
Term
The _______________ was a quick, final attempt before the depression to get the economy under control. It was proposed by Andrew Mellon.
Definition
The Bureau of the Budget
Term
President Harding (elected in 1921) was similar to Grant in that...
Definition
both had administrations that were corrupt despite best efforts to hire the best in their administration
Term
FDR and the Democrats promoted the happy slogan “________”, while Herbert Hoover stuck with the depressing slogan “The Worst is Past”. A unique characteristic of the election was the movement of _______ shifting from Republican to Democratic ideals because they were the “Last hired first fired” members of the Depression whom experienced rather challenging times. FDR won in a landslide.
Definition
Happy Days are Here Again,
African Americans
Term
___ was the worst year of the depression, and it was an election year. Unemployment was at __%, the highest in American history.
Definition
1932,
25%
Term
FDR promoted his “_________” answer to solve the depression. It stood for ______, _______, and _______. ______ referred to short-range goals involving food and shelter, _______ involved medium-ranged goals with the purpose of getting us out of the depression, and ________ referred to long-term goals with the hope to prevent the depression from ever happening again.
Definition
( Relief, Recovery, Reform ) x2
Term
FDR famously said “the only thing we have to fear is fear itself” in his inauguration speech. He was referring to people’s fear of _______ until things got better. In order to help eliminate some of people’s fear of banks, FDR created a _______ to give everyone a week to calm down.
Definition
spending,
bank holiday
Term
In 1933, after only 8 hours of being president, FDR passed the _________ Act that created the bank holiday to give all banks a clean slate and open “healthy”. It allowed the public to regain confidence in __________.
Definition
Emergency Quota Relief Act,
deposited money
Term
•The Glass-Seagall Banking Reform Act established the _________, who ensured people’s money in banks up to $5,000.
Definition
(FDIC) the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
Term
A major problem was that people had a major fear of the banks, so much so that people began _________ so to prevent owning paper assets. FDR took the country ________ in order to put more money in circulation. Increased circulation would lead to an easier task for ______ to pay off loans. A risky decision, FDR ordered the treasury to print more _______ than gold reserves would allow. As a result, the dollar-value decreased and the federal government gained more spending power. As hoped, ______ and ______ began to increase.
Definition
Hoarding gold,
OFF the gold standard,
debtors,
paper money,
wages and prices
Term
One of FDR’s main tactics was to “________”, meaning that he wanted to use federal money on programs in hopes it would jump-start the economy on it’s own. The most popular New Deal program was the __________, or the C.C.C. Young men were hired to work in the _______ in order to clear the land, plant trees, and drain swamps.
Definition
Prime the pump,
Civilian Conservation Corps,
natural forests
Term
The __________ Act required companies to report honest financial numbers. From that, the ________ was set up as a "stock watchdog" in order to regulate the _________. The SEC strongly sought to prohibit the practice of “________”.
Definition
The Federal Securities Act,
The Securities Exchange Commission,
stock market,
"buying on margin"
Term
The _____________ (FERA) sought relief in the form of _______. Harry Hopkins was placed in charge of this effort, and was given $__ billion dollars to dole out.
Definition
The Federal Relief Administration,
government handouts,
$3 billion
Term
CONSIDERED THE MOST REVOLUTIONARY from an ______ standpoint, the _______ was set up to build a series of dams throughout Tennessee. It would create jobs, help with _____, and provide ________. IT WOULD IMPROVE THE LIVES OF ____ MILLION PEOPLE.
Definition
economic,
the Tennessee Valley Authority,
housing,
electricity,
2.5 million people
Term
In 1933, the _______ began in parts of Oklahoma, Texas, and Kansas. The cause of it stemmed from “________” techniques that eliminated all ______ from the soil and left a powdery top layer of soil that blew away. Many people traveled to ________ for work in order to escape the drought. (For instance, “Okies” were people from Oklahoma, “Arkies” were people from Arkansas) People who made the long journey were the subject of John Steinback’s novel, _________.
Definition
the Dust Bowl,
"dry-farming",
nutrients,
California,
Grapes of Wrath
Term
In 1933, The __________ Act (AAA) offered low interest loans to farmers, and tried to help them by creating “__________” meaning that it paid farmers not to farm, thus reducing _______. At first, this law was seen cruel and wasteful because a few pigs were slaughtered and used as fertilizer. Farmer _______ did rise, however farmer ________ increased too. This law was determined ________ in 1936.
Definition
The Agricultural Adjustment Act,
"artificial scarcity",
supply,
incomes,
unemployment,
unconstitutional
Term
The ____________ (HOLC) refinanced people’s home loans at ______ interest rates.
-
Unemployment was a lingering problem. So, FDR started the ___________ (CWA). It was to provide temporary jobs to see folks through the winter. Often, these were made up jobs, called “_________” jobs.
Definition
the Home Owners' Loan Corporation,
lower,
Civil Works Administration,
"boondoggling" jobs
Term
Catholic priest father Charles Coughlin hosted a regular radio show condemning democrats, FDR, and the New Deal. He often spoke of “_______” as the true solution to the Great Depression. He was so openly against the New Deal, that eventually he was ________ by supporters of the New Deal.
Definition
"Social Justice",
assassinated
Term
Sen. Huey “________” Long of Louisiana ranted about the idea "_________” for which the economy could be saved. He suggested that every family be given $_____. King received passionate response, yet it was proven his idea was mathematically impossible.
Definition
"Kingfish".
"Share of Wealth",
$5,000
Term
Dr. Francis Townshend also came up with an idea to solve the economy. He proposed to dole out $200 to 5 million ______ citizens, who would spend it and thereby help the economy. This was another scheme that was mathematically impossible.
Definition
senior citizens
Term
An epidemic of strikes occurred in 1934. CONGRESS ENDED THE ____ and the _____, instead enacting the ______ ACT in 1935. It guaranteed the rights of ________ to organize and to collectively bargain with management.
Definition
NRA and NIRA,
Wagner Act,
unions
Term
Unskilled workers began to organize, seeing as normally they were excluded because they were unskilled. John Lewis, head of the ________, organized the _____________ (CIO) which admitted the unskilled. The CIO is infamous for winning over a “sit down strike” with GM and later a strike against U.S. Steel in 1938.
Definition
United Mine Workers,
the Committee for Industrial Organization
Term
The _____________ (WPA) was made in part to silence the many hooligans like Townshend or Coughlin who ____________. %11 billion dollars was spent building public facilities like bridges, public buildings, and roads.
- The goals of the WPA were to curb _______ (it created __ million jobs)
- Grant many young people jobs
Definition
The Work Progress Administration,
promoted insane ideas to fix the economy,
curb unemployment, 9 million jobs created,
Term
Women roles in public office were growing at this time. Francis Perkins was the first female cabinet member as the Sec. of _____, Mary Bethune was in charge of _________ and was the highest ranked black in FDR’s administration. Ruth Benedict studied _______ as if personalities, and Pearl Buck won the Nobel Peace Prize for ________ in 1938.
Definition
Labor,
minority affairs,
cultures,
literature
Term
The _____________ (*hint* #2) Act was passed in 1938. It encouraged farmers to plant less _______ in exchange for payments (again, payment not to farm)
The Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act paid farmers to plant crops that preserved and reinvigorated the soil, such as ________.
Definition
The Second Agricultural Adjustment Act,
acreage,
soy beans
Term
The _______________ in 1935 tried to resettle farmers onto better soil
Definition
resettlement administration
Term
In 1934, ___________ led an effort of the new Bureau of Indian Affairs to better American relations with Indians. He wanted to change the previous actions made by the Dawes Act, which hoped to integrate Indians into white culture. They decided to come up with the ___________ Act in 1934 to encourage Indians to maintain their traditional ways. Many Indians saw this as a slap in the face by Americans, because this “_________” movement was believed to be an effort to make Indians museum artifacts rather than truly accepted. However, over ___ tribes accepted the reorganization act, 77 did not
Definition
John Collier,
Indian Reorganization Act,
"back-to-blanket" movement,
200 tribes accepted
Term
The __________ (FHA) was set up to offer low interest home loans. IT ___________ FDR AND THE NEW DEAL. It was a double-barreled program that got people in homes and put people to work building them. Although, it did hit a snag when in 1937 the U.S. Housing Authority began lending money to ______________ for construction projects, which slowed the growth
Definition
The Federal Housing Administration,
OUTLASTED,
states or localities,
Term
The _________ Act of 1935 WAS THE MOST FAR-RANGING LAW. It set up a payment plan for _____, the handicapped, delinquent children, and other ________ groups. These payments were funded by taxes placed on workers and employers, then given to the above groups. ________ opposed this act, saying that it was a socialist policy that promoted self-entitlement.
Definition
The Social Security Act,
old-age,
dependent,
Republicans
Term
The _____________ Act (AKA the Wages and Honor Bill) set a minimum wage, maximum working hours, and forbade children under ___ from working.
Definition
The Fair Labor Standards Act,
16
Term
1936 was an election year: The republicans nominated Alfred Landon from Kansas. He criticized FDR’s massive spending, however he wasn’t popular on account of the fact he wasn’t fit for ______. The ___________ formed this year, a combination of both Republicans and Democrats who didn’t approve of the “socialist/communist” direction the New Deal was taking. Namely, they believed that the NRA was "_______". However, FDR won re-election. FDR was inaugurated in 1937. THE __TH AMENDMENT shortened the length of the “lame duck" period by ___ weeks.
Definition
radio,
American Liberty League,
"communist",
20th Amendment,
six weeks
Term
At the start of his second term, FDR wanted to increase the number of justices in the Supreme Court to ___. Congress didn’t want to see power tip too far in FD’s direction, so FOR THE FIRST TIME THEY VETOED A MOTION SET FORTH BY FDR.
Definition
15
Term
FDR was speculated to be trying to turn dictator. While the “________" of FDR’s was vetoed, generally Congress began to sway towards FDR. Especially when Owen j. Roberts started voting liberal.
Definition
"court-pecking scheme"
Term
During Roosevelt’s first term, the depression didn’t go away. Unemployment decreased, but by 1937 it was still at __% unemployed. The economy in Roosevelt’s second term was known as the "__________”, and was caused by large government spending. The large gov. spending cut into people’s ______, and therefore their spending power. After realizing the effect of too much spending, Roosevelt had a brief moment of clarity where he cut back spending. BUT SOON ENOUGH HE RESTARTED LARGE GOVERNMENT SPENDING.
Definition
15% unemployment,
"Roosevelt Recession",
home wages,
Term
Roosevelt was persuaded by his “_________” and economist __________ that it was good for governments to participate in “deficit spending” (good to spend more money than they were taking in)
Definition
"brain trust",
John Maynard Keynes
Term
The _________ Act gave FDR authority to perform administrative reforms, including the new _______ branch in the White House. The ______ Act in 1939 banned federal officials from political campaigning and soliciting in order to clean up political campaigns.
Definition
The Reorganization Act,
The Hatch Act
Term
OVERALL, THE NEW DEAL WAS INEFFECTIVE:
- It raised the national debt from $19 billion in 1932, to $__ billion in 1939.
- FDR was believed to be moving away from lassaiz-fair economics, to more of a _____ policy
- The U.S. seemed to be gaining ______ without earning it. People had a bad case of the “______”, and had irrational hopes for everything to work itself out.
- _____ solved the issue of unemployment and was the reason the U.S. was able to move past the Great Depression
Definition
$40 billion in debt,
socialist,
prosperity,
"gimmies",
WWII
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