Term
| What political party favored a strong central government and consequently a loose interpretation of the Constitution? |
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Definition
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Term
| What political party favored states' rights and consequently urged a strict interpretation of the Constitution? |
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Definition
| Democratic-Republican party |
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Term
| "Common men are governed by their 'passions'" What political party did this idea belong to? |
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Definition
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Term
| "common men governed by reason" What political party did this idea belong to? |
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Definition
| Democratic-Republican party |
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Term
| What were the 3 major differences of the first party system? |
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Definition
| 1. philosophy of man &government 2. economic policy 3. foreign policy |
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Term
| What political party is considered the forebears of the mid-19th century Whig party and of our present-day Republican party? |
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Definition
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Term
| What were Jeffersonians also known as? |
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Definition
| Democratic-Republicans or Republicans |
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Term
| Why did the constitution include the assumption of state debts by the federal government? |
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Definition
| in order to get the support of Jeffersonians |
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Term
| Why was the Protective Tariff included in the Constitution? |
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Definition
| To encourage manufacturing in the US |
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Term
| What was the Hamilton's National Bank? |
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Definition
| A private institution with a capital stock of $10,000,000, of which private investors would own 80 percent and the government 20 percent |
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Term
| What first raised the issue of strict or loose interpretation of the Constitution? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why were Political parties created in the new nation? |
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Definition
| 1. no one wanted to see political parties emerge (founders saw them as divisive) 2. political parties not mentioned in Constitution 3. Why do they emerge? a. free speech/press/right to vote-different opinions b. large nation w/ many different interests that need representation |
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Term
| Why are there only 2 political parties in US history? |
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Definition
| 1. structure of the federal system (single member districts, the electoral college) 2. tradition |
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Term
| What percentage of the Bank of the US is owned by the federal government? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a Jeffersonian Democracy? |
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Definition
| encouragement of the growth of small, owner-worked farms and discouragement of the rise of industries and cities |
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Term
| What are the characteristics of a Jeffersonian democracy? |
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Definition
| 1. self sufficient middle class of "yeoman farmers (small landowner)" 2. whose ideas would be formed by liberal education and a free press 3. government should be minimal and taxes low 4. believed that capable, well-educated leaders should govern ("natural aristocracy" |
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Term
| Why does the Whiskey Rebellion end? |
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Definition
| Washington sends an army personally led by him to put down the rebels |
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Term
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Definition
| British agree again to remove troops from Western US |
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Term
| What does Pinckney's treaty do? |
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Definition
| opens the Miss. River/ New Orleans |
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Term
| What are the precedents established in the Farewell Address? |
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Definition
| No 2nd term; end partisan bickering; no permanent alliances->origin of foreign policy of isolationism |
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Term
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Definition
| French foreign minister demands a bribe before he will meet with American diplomats |
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Term
| What was the most important factor in the decline of the federalist party? |
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Definition
| The Alien and Sedition acts |
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Term
| What was the Jeffersonian Republican's reaction to the Alien and Sedition acts? |
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Definition
| The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions |
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Term
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Definition
| a state can void federal law that it thinks is unconstitutional |
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Term
| What does the LA purchase result from? |
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Definition
| Thomas Jefferson trying to avoid war with France; Britain secure commercial rights with New Orleans/Miss. River |
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Term
| Why does Jefferson hesitate in accepting the LA purchase? |
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Definition
| Because he believed the Constitution didn't give him authority to acquire new land |
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Term
| What were Aaron Burr's conspiracies/ scandals? |
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Definition
| 1. kills Hamilton in a duel b/c Hamilton ruined Burr's run for governor 2.Conspiracy to separate west from US; acquitted in treason trial |
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Term
| What case established the precedent of the Supreme Court's power to rule on the constitutionality of federal laws? |
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Definition
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Term
| What result came from Fletcher v. Pack? |
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Definition
| Court decided that the Georgia legislature's original action had constituted a valid contract which could not be broken regardless of the corruption which had followed. |
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Term
| Why is the case Fletcher v. Pack significant? |
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Definition
| First time a state law was voided on the grounds that it violated a principle of the US Constitution |
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Term
| What happened in Dartmouth College v. Woodward? |
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Definition
| President tried to make Dartmouth a public institution by having its charter revoked; Court decided that the charter still constituted a contract, and thus couldn't be arbitrarily changed or revoked without the consent of both parties |
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Term
| Why was the case Dartmouth College v. Woodward significant? |
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Definition
| Resulted in severely limited power of state governments to control the corporation, which was the emerging form of business organization |
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Term
| What happened in Gibbons v. Ogden? |
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Definition
| Ogden had monopoly from State of New York to operate a steamboat, Gibbons got congressional permit to operate a steamboat in the same waters. New York courts voted in Ogden's favor, Gibbon went to Supreme Court. John Marshall ruled that commerce included navigation, and only Congress has the right to regulate commerce among states. The state-granted monopoly was void. |
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Term
| What are the 3 general characteristics of Marshall Court rulings? |
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Definition
| 1. increases federal power over the states 2. increases power of the Supreme Court 3. laid groundwork for a broad interpretation of Constitution |
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Term
| WHat was the most significant cause of the war of 1812? |
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Definition
| Britain's seizure of American ships and impressment of American sailors |
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Term
| What were the other two causes of the war of 1812? |
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Definition
| Americans' belief that the British in CA were arming the Indians and inciting them to raid American settlements; American ambitions to annex CA and Florida |
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Term
| What did the Treaty of Ghent do? |
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Definition
| restores the "status quo antebellum;" reestablished the prewar boundaries of the US |
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Term
| What marked the end of the Federalist Party? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the Hartford Convention? |
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Definition
| Leading Federalists advocated doctrines of states' rights and nullification, demanded that the Constitution be changed to require a 2/3 vote of Congress to admit new states or declare war, and hinted at secession |
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Term
| what were the causes of the Panic of 1819? |
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Definition
| "wildcat banks," land speculation |
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Term
| What were the consequences of the Panic of 1819? |
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Definition
| Western and Southern farmers blame the BUS |
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Term
| What was the North's economy like by 1820? |
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Definition
| Industry of the rise (Textiles- Samuel Slater and the Lowell Mills: effort to reduce dehumanization effect of labor of industrial revolution); most northerners by 1820 oppose extension of slavery of western territories but not its abolition in South |
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Term
| What was the South's economy like by 1820? |
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Definition
| vast majority are Yeomen farmers (3/4 of whites own no slaves- most are subsistence farmers) |
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Term
| What was the West's economy like by 1820? |
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Definition
| Most are commercial farmers; develop reciprocal relationship w/ North |
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Term
| What was the Missouri Compromise? |
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Definition
| 1. sets precedent for rest of LA purchase area 2. missouri-slave main-free (12 free to 12 slave) 3. establishes the 3630" line- only for LA purchase area 4. Henry Clay (Great Compromiser) |
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Term
| What were Clay's 3 sectional compromises? |
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Definition
| 1. Missouri Compromise 2. Nullification Crisis Compromise 3. Compromise of 1850 |
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Term
| What did "wildcat banks" do? |
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Definition
| Print money which is not entirely backed by gold or silver. This causes inflation to increase dramatically |
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Term
| Who blames the BUS for their fate and grows to hate it? |
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Definition
| Many Southern and Western farmers |
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Term
| What did the BUS start doing in 1819 that caused the Panis of that year? |
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Definition
| stated loaning money itself to the wildcat banks for land speculation. A "speculative bubble" was now out of control |
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Term
| Why is Henry Clay significant? |
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Definition
| Speaker of House who eliminated himself as presidential candidate in 1825 |
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Term
| Why is Aaron Burr significant? |
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Definition
| received same # of electoral votes for President as Jefferson in 1800, throwing election into the House |
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Term
| Why is George Washington significant? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why is Albert Gallatin significant? |
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Definition
| Sec. of Treasury under Jefferson |
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Term
| Why is John Q. Adams significant? |
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Definition
| Sec. of State under Monroe |
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Term
| Why is William H. Harrison significant? |
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Definition
| Am. general in War of 1812 who later became president. |
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Term
| Why is Winfield Scott significant? |
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Definition
| Am. general in War of 1812 who later became presidential candidate |
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Term
| Why is John Marshall significant? |
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Definition
| a Virginian Federal justice who was frequently at odds w/ the presidents |
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Term
| Why is Alexander Hamilton significant? |
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Definition
| 1st. Sec. of Treasury (Under Washington) |
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Term
| Why is Tecumseh significant? |
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Definition
| tried to form a confederacy of Eastern Indians; thwarted by Harrison's victory at Tippecanoe |
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Term
| Why is Sacajawea significant? |
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Definition
| Indian that accompanied the Lewis and Clark expedition |
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Term
| Why is Samuel Chase significant? |
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Definition
| Supreme Court justice impeached but not convicted |
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Term
| Why is John Adams significant? |
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Definition
| President who made peace w/ France, ending the military alliance with France |
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Term
| Why is John C. Calhoun significant? |
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Definition
| Southern senator at first for a high tariff, later for a low one |
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Term
| Why are William Clark and Meriwether Lewis significant? |
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Definition
| led expedition from Missouri River to Columbia River |
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Term
| Why is Thomas Jefferson significant? |
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Definition
| owned slaves but called the Missouri Compromise "like a fire-bell in the night"; bought LA earlier |
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Term
| Why is Daniel Webster significant? |
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Definition
| Dartmouth's counsel in Dartmouth v. Woodward |
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Term
| Why is James Monroe significant? |
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Definition
| said "The Am. continents... are henceforth not to be considered as subjects for future colonization by any European powers" |
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Term
| Why is John Jay significant? |
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Definition
| negotiated a treaty w/ Britain in 1794 that angered the Jeffersonians |
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Term
| Why is John Randolph significant? |
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Definition
| Opposed Adams presidency; challenged Clay to a duel; from Virginia, he also opposed the Embargo and War of 1812 |
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Term
| Why is James Madison significant? |
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Definition
| duped into starting War of 1812 |
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Term
| Why is Gibbons v. Ogden significant? |
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Definition
| NY monopoly for ferryboat b/w NY and NJ; federal govt. alone can control interstate commerce |
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Term
| Why is McCulloch v. Maryland significant? |
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Definition
| MD tried to tax fed. banknotes; unconstitutional |
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Term
| Why is Cohens v. Virginia significant? |
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Definition
| Cohens illegally sold lottery tickets; VA court found guilty; est. federal court review of state courts |
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Term
| Why is Dartmouth v. Woodward significant? |
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Definition
| legislature of NH tried to change college charter; fed. govt. protects contracts against state encroachments |
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Term
| Why is Fletcher v. Peck significant? |
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Definition
| GA legislature contracted and sold Yazoo to speculators; new legislature revoked; Court upheld original contract |
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