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| The strengths of this document were that it concluded the Revolutionary War with the Treaty of Paris in 1783, it kept the states together with a common national citizenship, and settles the question of Western land claims. |
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| The weaknesses of the document were that 9 of the 13 states were needed to ratify a bill before it became a law, and all states needed to accept an amendment before it became part of the Articles. There was no foreign policy, and states printed their own currency. The federal government could not tax, there was no Federal Army, no judicial system, and lack of national compulsive power over states |
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| After the Treaty of Paris, England still held post along the Canadian border that she refused to leave. The British had hoped to keep control of the fur trade & force the U.S to pay British creditors. The posts help included Detroit & Niagara |
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Western Land Cession (1781) |
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| Maryland demanded that the U.S gov have control over all western lands. Maryland postponed her ratification of the Articles until all states complied because she feared large states would become too powerful. |
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| This law stated that the U.S gov would sell, at auction, western lands for a minimum $1 an acre. |
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Alexandria Conference (1785) |
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Definition
| Delegates of Virginia & Maryland met to consider means of improving the navigability of the Potomac River. The commisioners asked all states to meet at Annapolis where probs of interstate commerce could be discussed |
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| Captain Daniel Shays led back-country farmers in a rebellion because many people were losing their farms through mortgage foreclosures & tax delinquencies. Farmers demanded cheaper paper money, lighter taxes and a suspension of mortgage foreclosures. |
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Annapolis Conference (1786) |
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| In this convention, states near Chesapeake Bay area talked about the lowering of taxes & tariffs to increase trade between states. Alexander Hamilton told the states to meet 1 year later in Philadelphia so they could overhaul the Articles of Confederation. |
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Northwest Ordinance (1787) |
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| This law provided that the area north of Ohio be divided into 3 to 5 territories, and allowed a territory to have a governor, secretary, 3 judges & a legislature |
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| He was discontented with the Northern state's willingness to strangle the western economy by closing the Mississippi. He conspired w/Spain to seperate Kentucky from the Union in return for money. His conspiracy collasped in 1788 when Spain reopened the Mississippi |
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Philadelphia Convention (1787) |
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Definition
| Delegates from all states but Georgia met in Philadelphia to discuss the Articles of Confederation. This resulted in a new constitution. |
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| Unanimously elected chairman of the convention. He was respected as " the Sword of the Revolution" |
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| Conservative delegate from New York who attended the Philadelphia Convention. He was only 32yrs old & advocated a very powerful central government |
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| Delegate from Virginia and was considered "Father of the Constitution". He wrote out the Virginia Plan |
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| Called for establishment of a national government. It specified a bicameral legislature w/membership proportional to population |
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| William Paterson's counterproposal to the Virginia Plan. It enlarged the power of Congress to include the right to levy taxes and regulate commerce. It defined congressional laws & treaties as the "supreme law of the land" and it had seperate executive & judicial branch |
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| A compromise between the Virginia & the New Jersey Plans. It formed a bicameral legislature that consist of House of Rep. and the Senate. Also made money bills start from the House. |
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| He thought up the idea of the Constitution's Executive Branch also made the decision to have Electoral College elect the President |
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| Made up of people chosen by state legislators; electors choose the 2 best people for president |
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| Pacified the North and South. It stated that the South could count 5 slaves for 3 whites in the population, but, in return, the South would have to pay 3/5 more taxes. Also made slave trade illegal after 1808 |
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Bill of Rights, George Mason |
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| George Mason was " The Father of the Bill of Rights". Bill of Rights are the first 10 amendments added to the Constitution & enumerated the rights of men. |
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| Wealthy, educated, property owning men, who believed in a strong, centralized federal government & supported the new Constitution. |
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Implied Powers
(Elastic Clause) |
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Definition
| An ambiguous power of the Federal Government that stated "Congress can do what's proper and necessary." |
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Loose & Strict Constructions |
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Definition
| Loose constructionalists believed that Congress could use the Elastic Clause to establish government programs. Alexander Hamilton use loose construction argument to establish a national bank |
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