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APUSH Terms Chap. 2-8
Terms to know for test
79
History
10th Grade
09/09/2008

Additional History Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Calvinism
Definition

Puritans...basically

 

believed bible as literal word of God

Term
Anne Hutchinson
Definition

 

 

Puritan Woman who was banished to Rhode Island because of her belief contrary to Predestination; that good deeds can bring you salvation

Term
Plymouth Colony
Definition

Pilgrims' colony founded in 1620 when they came in Mayflower

 

Term
Roger Williams
Definition
Founded Rhode Island after being banished from MA Bay Colony in 1635
Term
Henry Hudson
Definition
British Explorer who explored North America hoping to find the NW Passage
Term
William Bradford
Definition
First elected governor of Plymouth
Term
MA Bay Colony
Definition
founded in 1630s by more puritans who settled in Boston and various parts of MA
Term
Thomas Hooker
Definition
Founded Connecticut in 1636 after leaving MA Bay Colony
Term
William Penn
Definition

Quaker...founded Pennsylvania after granted by Charles II

 

Colony of religious freedom and democracy

Term
John Winthrop
Definition

1630: Led 1000 Puritans to New England

 

governor of MA Bay Colony

Term
Cambridge Agreement
Definition
Bound Puritans to migrate to America if British allowed them to keep self-charter and self-government 1629
Term
John Cotton
Definition
very conservative Puritan Preacher
Term
Mayflower Compact
Definition

1620: 1st written agreement of self-government in North America

 

1st instance of "majority rules" in America

Term
Sir Walter Raleigh
Definition
attempted to start Roanoake
Term
Roanoke
Definition

Thrice Failed colony of Britain

 

would-be first colony of Britains in North America

Term
Jamestown
Definition

1607 Established

 

1st successful colony of British in North America

 

 

Term
Pocahontas
Definition

helped Jamestown survive

 

Indo-Anglo liaison

 

 

Term
Cpt. John Smith
Definition
led and saved the Jamestown Colony in 1608
Term
James Oglethorpe
Definition

Led settlers to Georgia in 1732

 

founded Georgia, 13th colony

Term
House of Burgesses 1619
Definition
1st elected legislature in the colonies
Term
Lord Baltimore
Definition
1632: Founded Maryland and made it a Catholic Haven
Term
Maryland's Act of Toleration 1649
Definition
allowed free worship between Catholics and Protestants
Term
Royal Colony
Definition

colony financed and run by the king himself

 

appointed Royal Governor for each Royal Colony

Term

Charter Colony

(Joint Stock)

Definition
Colony that was owned and maintained by stockholders
Term
Proprietorship
Definition

Colony given to a wealthy person to alleviate the amt. of money the king invested

 

proprietor had absolute rule over his colony

Term
Bacon's Rebellion
Definition
1676: Led Revolt of Indentured Servants due to the governor's unwillingness to fight back at the Indians who were attacking the settlers
Term
Slave Trade
Definition

1st slaves imported into Jamestown by Dutch ships in 1619

 

Infamous Triangle Trade

Term
Half-Way Covenant
Definition

Puritans needed more church members

 

softened standards to become a church member

Term
Cotton Mather
Definition
contributed to witch histeria due to writings and support of the persecutions
Term

Harvard

 

William and Mary

Definition

1636: first College in America

 

 1693: founded to train already-clerics

Term
Headright System
Definition

Gave fifty acres of land to anyone who who paid for passage of an indentured servant

 

many wealthy accumulated lots of land

 

led to Plantation systems

Term
Jonathan Edwards
Definition

theologian and revivalist in New England

 

contributed to Great Awakening

Term
Benjamin Franklin
Definition
was indentured servant but overcame his servitude and became very successful and influential in the colonies
Term
John P. Zenger
Definition

1735: Newpaper Editor who attacked the corrupt royal governor in his writings

 

found not guilty

Term
Phillus Wheatley
Definition
Black Poetess...published book of poems in late 1700s
Term
Great Awakening
Definition

series of religous revivals in the 1730s-1760s

 

led back to old devotion

Term
John S. Copley
Definition
Portraiture who was much admired by Americans and painted many of the famous early Americans
Term
Molasses Act
Definition

Act passed to keep from importing foreign sugar to make rum

 

failed attempts due to Colonists sneakiness

Term
Queen Anne's War
Definition

1701-1713: war between France and England

 

Spurred by Louis XIV

 

Resulted in English control over Hudson Bay, Newfoundland, and Acadia

Term
War of Jenkin's Ear
Definition
1739: war between Spain and England from Jenkin's ear being cut off by a Spanish Cpt.
Term

French and Indian War

 

(7 Year's War)

 

1754-1763

Definition

war between France and England for NOorth America and Europe.

 

British captured Quebec and kicked French out of North America

Term

Albany Congress

 

Albany Plan of Union

Definition

1754: met in attempt to bring the iroquois into the French and Indian War

 

Albany Plan-->proposed that colonial defenses be handled by a royally appointed officer

Term
William Braddock Massacre
Definition
1755: colonists attempt to defeat French in Pennsylvania...Braddock comes in and kills all but 30 people and George Washington
Term
Samuel de Champlain
Definition

Father of "New France"

 

explored St. Lawrence river valley adn established Quebec in 1608

Term
George Washington
Definition

led an expedition to Pennsylvania to defeat teh French

 

captured and released when promised not to fight the French again

Term
William Pitt
Definition

brilliant English General

 

was victorious in America

 

Pittsburgh is named for him after they won teh French and Indian War

Term
James Wolfe
Definition

English General in North America who led the siege of Quebec

 

was killed in siege but forces prevailed

Term
Battle of Quebec
Definition

1759: battle between English and French

 

English won through sneaky tactics

Term
Treaty of Paris 1763
Definition

ended the French and Indian War and gave England all French Territory

 

sparked English resentment in France

Term
Pontiac's Rebellion
Definition

1763: Pontiac believed all white men were his enemies

 

Whites retaliate by sending blankets contaminated with smallpox to their tribe

Term
Proclamation of 1763
Definition
an attempt to appease Indians...disallowed Americans to move beyond the Appalachians
Term
Enlightenment
Definition

philosophical movement marked by rejection of traditional, social, religious, and political ideas

 

believed in human ability to solve problems

Term
Salutary Neglect
Definition

neglect by England towards colonies in America

 

Americans didn't enforce British laws and therefore felt that Britain had no control over them

Term
Grenville Acts
Definition

1764-1765: Stamp, sugar, and Currency Acts

 

designed to control trade

Term
Sugar Act (part of Grenville Acts)
Definition

1764: lowered the duty on molasses by half

 

forbade importation of rum

 

enforcement threatened triangle trade system

Term
Currency Acts (part of Grenville Acts)
Definition
1764: stated that colonists could not produce currency
Term
Stamp Act (part of Grenville Acts)
Definition
1765: act declared that all printed materials must have a stamp
Term
Declaratory Act
Definition
1766: made virtual representation illegal (no representation for colonists in parliament)
Term
Townshend Acts
Definition
1767: light duty on glass, white lead, paper, and most importantly TEA
Term
Patrick Henry
Definition
American Statesmen "Give me liberty or give me death"
Term
Samuel Adams
Definition

leader of teh Aemrican Revolutoin

 

led Boston Tea Party

signed Declaration of Independence

attended 1st continental congress

Term
Sons of Liberty
Definition

group devoted to freedom

 

harrassed and tarred adn feathered unpopular officials and stamp agents

Term
Boston Massacre
Definition

1770: sixty colonists harrass british military regiment

british engage open fire

Term
Massachusetts Circular Letter
Definition
1770: urged all colonies to support nonimportation agreements
Term
Boston Tea Party
Definition
1773: Sons of Liberty and Sam Adams throw crates of tea off of the Dartmouth in Boston Harbor while disguised as Indians
Term
Intolerable Acts
Definition

1774: five laws passed in response to Boston Tea Party

 

-closed boston port

-british soldiers were tried in Britain rather than colonies

-reduced local government

-required housing from civilians for British soldiers

-western territory was given to Quebec instead of colonists

Term
Skirmishes at Lexington and Concord
Definition

1775: marching redcoats are attacked by Colonial militiamen (known as shot heard around the world)

 

went to concord to seize armaments, don't and are shot at again when they return (much deadlier) to lexington

Term
Second Continental Congress
Definition

1775: met in order to discuss Intolerable acts

 

-selected GW as head of the army

Term
Bunker Hill
Definition
1775: after three british charges of thsi hill, the British finally won (really close)
Term
Declaration of Independence
Definition
1776: written by thomas Jefferson and fromally stated schism between England and America
Term
Thomas Paine's Common Sense
Definition
1776: protest used to persuade many people to join the revolutionary cause
Term
Loyalists (Tories)
Definition
Americans who supported England adn George III during Revolution
Term
Patriots (Whigs)
Definition
american "rebels" during revolution
Term
Saratoga
Definition

1777: Burgoyne was surrounded by Americans as he descended from Canada and was forced to surrender

 

-alliance with France after this battle

Term
French Alliance
Definition
1778: French agreed to supply colonists with equipment in order to unite against a common enemy, Britain
Term
Benedict Arnold
Definition
Fantastic American General, was caught scheme with British to capture West Point  in order for 6,300 pounds and was forever deemed a traitor
Term
Yorktown 1781
Definition

Cornwallis arrives in Yorktown and colonists surround his fleet by land and by sea

 

-he is forced to surrender

-last battle of the revolution

Term
Robert Morris
Definition
helped borrow money from Europe for the U.S. government to repay its loans
Term
Treaty of Paris 1783
Definition
-Britain recognized the independence of the US and granted the US lands west of the Mississippi
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