Term
| How did natives adapt to their new environment? |
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Definition
| Different native societies adapted to and transformed their environments through innovations in agriculture, resource use, and social structure. |
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Term
| What was the impact of maize cultivation? (Key Concept 1.1) |
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Definition
| It was very popular in the southwest. Societies developed cast irrigation systems (Pueblos in Rio Grande). |
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Term
| How did maize transform societies? (Key Concept, 1.1) |
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Definition
| There was less emphasis on hunting and gathering, the establishment of permanent villages with socially diverse societies, as well as an increase in population. |
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Term
| Great Plains and Great Basin |
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Definition
| Most natives lived off of hunting and gathering. There was a lack of natural resources. The area was flat, large, and dry. It consisted of grassland and plains. With the introduction of the horse, the Great Plains was improved drastically. |
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Term
| During Post-Civil War expansion, what economic opportunities lay in the west? |
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Definition
| Mining, farming, and cattle industry |
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Term
| What was the Homestead Act? |
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Definition
| Lincoln encouraged Western migration by providing settlers 160 acres of public land. In exchange, homesteaders paid a small filing fee and were required to complete five years of continuous residence before receiving full ownership of the land. |
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Term
| What were the Pacific Railroad Acts? |
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Definition
A series of acts of Congress that promoted the construction of a "transcontinental railroad" in the United States through authorizing the issuance of goverment bonds and the grants of land to railroad companies.
Established the route for the transcontinental railroad. |
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Term
| What was the conservationist movement? |
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Definition
| It occurred during the Post-Civil War era. Government agencies and conservationist vs. corporate interests over the extension of public control over natural resources such as land and water. |
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Term
| The Department of the Interior (1849) |
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Definition
| Responsible for management and conservation of federal land and resources. |
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Term
| U.S. Fish Commission (1871) |
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Definition
| created to preserve the fisheries of the U.S. |
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Term
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Definition
| Founded the Sierra Club and fought for conservation and preservation of natural resources |
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Term
| Sand Creek Massacre (1864) |
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Definition
| Colorado Militia attack and kill over 100 Native people |
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Term
| Battle of Little Big Horn (1876) |
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Definition
| The Sioux tribe (inspired by Sitting Bull) kill Custer and his men in the 7th Cavalry |
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Term
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Definition
| movement begins amongst the Sioux in Dakota territory |
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Term
| Battle of Wounded Knee (1890) |
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Definition
| U.S. army goes into the Dakotas and kills over 200 |
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Term
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Definition
| Tribes forced onto reservations |
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Term
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Definition
| Intended to end tribal ownership of land and break up the unity of Native Americans |
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Term
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Definition
| Intended to assimilate Native people. Kill the Indian, save the man. |
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Term
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Definition
| established in 1607. existed to make money while they found gold, but the gold didn't exist. John Smith took over but nobody wanted to farm. Half of the colonists died. Only 65 colonists lived. the headright system offered 50 acres of land. indentured servants lived. 1619: first shipment of African slaves. Tobacco saved Jamestown. The town revolved around tobacco. 3/4 of the people were servants while the rest were rich Englishmen. Most were male (5:1) Joint stock companies |
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Term
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Definition
| a massive land grant to Calvert. Catholics were welcome in Maryland |
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Term
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Definition
| The Pilgrims and Puritans were around. Congregation determines leadership. Puritans disagreed with the church with the fact that it was a little too Catholic. Pilgrims wanted to separate completely from the church. |
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Term
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Definition
| Most of the people on the ship signed an agreement which bound themselves to follow just and equal laws. The first written framework of government for the US |
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Term
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Definition
| a model for everybody. a sermon showing how religious the Puritans were. The needs of the many outweigh the needs of a few. America will be a model. Said by John Winthrop |
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Term
| Power stayed in the hand of the church |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| banned from the Massachussetts colony for believing in freedom of religion. Williams found Rhode Island |
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Term
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Definition
| advocated for freedom of religion and was banished to New York, where she and her family were killed by Indians |
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Term
| 7 Years War (French and Indian War) |
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Definition
| 1754-1763. About economics. Mercantilism: regulate the economy in order to receive national power. Tobacco and sugar relied on slave labor. The French were trying to get advantage of the fur trade by being friendly to the Spanish. George Washington and other soldiers fought against the French for land around Ohio. The British captured areas. Their biggest victory was Montreal. They were victorious and ended with the Treaty of Paris in 1763. Britain got Canada and Florida. Indians were stuck with the British who fought back. |
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Term
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Definition
| Tobacco and sugar and slaves were all a key trade between Europe, Africa, and the colonies. |
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Term
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Definition
| Tobacco and sugar and slaves were all a key trade between Europe, Africa, and the colonies. |
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Term
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Definition
| The Native Americans fought against the settlers in an attempt to gain their land and freedom. They failed but killed many |
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Term
| Proclamation Line of 1763 |
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Definition
| Declared that colonists could not move westward due to Indian attacks. They were outraged and ignored the British Parliament. |
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Term
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Definition
| to protect citizens natural rights (John Locke) |
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Term
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Definition
| Took place in the early decades of the 18th century. Revitalized religion and diversified denominations. Most were Anglicans, but Presbyterians and Methodists and Baptists. Examples: Hands of an Angry God by Jonathon Edwards. Religion became emotional. GEORGE WHITEFIELD. |
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