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APUSH Chp 2 Exam
Ms. McMullens first test
49
History
11th Grade
09/06/2010

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Cards

Term
Idealsim
Definition
concepts are the essence of all that is worth knowing
classical: the mind is our bridge to the truth
religious: the soul is the bridge, this is how we find our faith
Term
Realism
Definition
matter exists independently of the mind
Term
classical view of realism
Definition
you need to understand the things around you to make sense of what is real
Term
religious view of realism
Definition
God has given us what we need to find the truth
Term
modern view of realism
Definition
scientifically analyzing so that we can understand things
Term
postmodernism/extistenialism
Definition
reality is a lived experience; you only know by what you've done
Term
objectivism/positivism
Definition
presenting history in a neutral way or objective position; positivists tend to rely on quantification to develop theories
Term
relativism/humanism
Definition
saying that objectivity is impossible because everyone approaches the study of history in different ways
Term
1890s-1950s school of thought
Definition
American exceptionalism-- Ameridca has done relatively well throughout history)
Term
1960s school of thought
Definition
Revisionist (chanign analysis given new data)
Term
1970s-1980s school of thought
Definition
post-revisionist (new analysis after everything has flattened out)
Term
present day school of thought
Definition
no real synthesis present, we'll have to look back in about 10 years to see what we've accomplished in order to tell
Term
discuss the importance of sugar among French, Holland, and England in the Lesser Antilles
Definition
sugar was valuable b/c it was a royalty and a commodity, and land was good for processing it. the people wanted profits of sugar, and they wanted more say in trading. The Dutch owned most of the Barbadian slaves, and therefore they received more money from slaves from other nations.
Term
Factors leading to English colonization of the New World
Definition
Population boom in England, so no room for people to live.
Religious persecutions in England
headright system est. and incentive for people to come.
wealthy AND poor turned to America
Term
French settlements in the New World
Definition
started with a settlement in FL, but Spanish forcefully kicked them out, so they went to Canada.
set up fur trade
men went to the trading posts
had good relations w/ natives, esp. Huron
Jesuits also in this area, and were successful in converting b/c the Indians saw them write, survive disease, and predict astrology
Term
Relationship between Powhaton Confederay and Jamestown
Definition
Everyone was starving b/c they didn't know how to farm, and there was a drought (cannibalists emerged)
Powhatans give them corn and show them how to survive
Blamed for taking 2 colonists so colonists captured Pocahantos
Expanding land b/c they're growing tobacco and growins stronger means increasing tension
Term
Impacts (socially, economically, and politically)of headright system
Definition
big male population of low economical status
promoted agriculture (tobacco)
men paid for land so they could elect members to the HOuse of Burgesses, which made the wealthy powerful
Term
Impacts (socially, economically, and politically)of House of Burgesses
Definition
King James did not like it b/c it undermines his authority, so he got rid of it; colonists protest so much that it is reintroduced
wealthy stayed in charge
Term
Impacts (socially, economically, and politically)of indentured servants
Definition
brought more poeple to the colonies (75% were servants)
boosted the economy b/c they had a lot of land and a lot of workeres for tobacco
got land, tools, food, and clothing if they lasted 4-7 yrs, which most did not
Term
Indentured Servants
Definition
hard labor could petition to leave or be sold, not really slaves
servants were white; at the time it was totally different to kill a black person
"seasoning" process to see who survived diseasse (malaria)
it was easier to have servants than slaves b/c slave route was going to the Caribbean
Term
Religious beliefs of Congregationalist Puritans
Definition
thought Church and State should be separated
John Winthrop suggest they work together (communte)to fulfill God's covenant
found Massachusetts Bay Company
Term
Relationship between Massachusetts Bay colonists and New England Indians
Definition
colonies were growing rapidly, so the Indians attacked them
Indians were losing trade b/c they traded with other colonists
war broke out and English won, took some as slaves
learned to coexist and trade when it was mutually beneficial
Term
Roger Williams
Definition
said the King doesn't have a right to give away native lands and you need religious toleration
he was put on trial and created Providence (Rhode Island)
Separatist
Term
joint-stock company
Definition
small investors pooled together their resources, created tension between stockholders and colonists
Term
Fray Alonso de Benavides
Definition
supervised New Mexico missions to convert non-religous people to Catholicism
Term
English settlements
Definition
different from Dutchh and French b/c they brought their families; only prospered once they adapted to new environment by tradiing w/ Native Americans, developed agriculturally
Term
Juan de Onate
Definition
led 500 soldiers and settlers to New Mexico, where they took over the Pueblos and they surrendered; didn't work because it was too far away from any other colony
Term
Quebec and Montreal
Definition
French established trading posts that took over the beaver pelt trading from the French fishermen; the area never really grew
Term
New Netherland
Definition
Dutch West India Company established an outpost (Ft. Orange) and remained a small colony focused mainly on trade
Term
Iroquois and Huron
Definition
Dutch and French alliances, fought to be the prime supplier of pelts to Europeans
Term
The Caribbean
Definition
France, the Netherlands, and England all fought for control of tiny Caribbean Islands, mostly for sugar
Spain had control of the Greater Antilles
Term
English colonization
Definition
dif. than others b/c men and women were sent, they started agricultural colonies
Term
Henry VII
Definition
tried to annul his marriage to Anne Boleyn b/c he wanted a son, couldn't in the Catholic Church so he formed his own (Church of England) with him at the head
Term
Martin Luther and John Calvin
Definition
leader of the Protestant Reformation, thought people could interpret the Bible for themselves, rejected the need for Church hierarchy and Church rituals
Term
Separatists
Definition
Group of Puritans who thought the Church was corrupt; they wanted to start a new Church. First went to the Netherlands, where they tolerated everything, so they went to Plymouth aboard the Mayflower (Pilgrims)
Term
Congregationalists
Definition
Group of Puritans who wanted to reform the Church of England and thought it was salvageable
Term
doctrine of predestination
Definition
said that God had already determined whether or not we are going to Heaven; people couldn't know for certain if they were saved
Term
Virginia Company
Definition
joint-stock company that formed colonies in Virginia, the first permanent English colony in the Western Hemisphere; didn't work very well b/c the investors didn't get $ back right away
Term
Captain John Smith
Definition
Saved Jamestown by imposing military discipline so they would get work done, 1608
Term
the starving time
Definition
When Cpt. Smith left jamestown, the settlement experienced starving; more settlers came, including women and children, which improved living conditions, but many still died.
Term
Powhatan Confederacy
Definition
group of 6 Algonquian tribes who were responsibe for surival of Jamestown by trading food for knives; ally didn't last b/c although very similar, the differences caused misunderstandings
Term
tobacco cultivation
Definition
stable commodity which helped Virginia prosper, land had to expand b/c couldn't be produced in the same field thrice
Term
headright system
Definition
each new arrival to Virginia was promised 50 acres if they financed themselves for the trip; appealed to farmers
Term
seasoning process
Definition
immigrants, mostly indentured servants, had to survive the first summer they were in America; 40% died before they could become freemen, mostly from malaria
Term
Mayflower Compact
Definition
Separatists and non-Puritans going to Plymouth had to compromise, so they elected a governor and held town meetings, later electing representatives when they started expanding
Term
Massachusetts Bay Company
Definition
Charles I wasn't tolerant of Puritans, so Congregationalists in England obtained a royal charter to constitue themselves the MA Bay Co., a joint-stock company
Term
JOhn Winthrop
Definition
governed the MA Bay Co. when they transferred to New England, hoped people would live accoring to Christian love
Term
doctrine of the covenant
Definition
Puritans decided that since God made a covenant with them, they would make a covenant with each other; expressed their ideas communally in a doctrine.
Term
Pequot War
Definition
Primary middlemen between the Dutch and Indians; English came and ended their authority; after this Indians mostly resisted incorporation into English society
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