Term
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Definition
Americans would fight Germany before Japan
want Britain to help us in Japan after the war in Europe is over |
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British prime minister
feared heavy losses
we allied with Britain |
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Soviet Union premier
we allied with the Soviet Union
threw more people into the war in order to use up more British weapons |
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Definition
US wanted to go to Africa, then up through Italy
Soviets wante the US to go to France to start a second front war and take pressure off of Soviets because they had huge losses
we end up going through Africa, and through Operation Torch we go through Italy |
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Term
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Definition
turning point of the European war
Soviets defeated Germany
Hitler's desire to win was personal, and he didn't realize the magnitude of the winter |
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Term
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Definition
December 1943
Great Britain, US, Soviet Union
planned Operation Overlord |
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Term
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Definition
the cross-channel invasion of France by the Allies
sent our code purposely to be intercepted saying that we would land in other places |
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Term
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Definition
June 6, 1944
200,000 Allied troops under Dwight D. Eisenhower stormed the beaches of Normandy, France
General Patton moves us through France |
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Term
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Definition
the Allies pushed Germany back, the last time they'll push that far west
liberated France and Belgium
May, 1945-Hitler kills himself and we're able to take over Berlin and win the war |
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Term
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Definition
American planes stopped a Japanese advance toward Australia
it would be smarter for us to attack smaller islands and cut off trade to the big ones |
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Term
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Definition
turning point in the Pacific
we then started to take the offensive
we intercepted messages to find out where they'd be, and took out great numbers in their navy |
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Term
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Definition
| Iwo Jima-objective was Mt. Suribachi, the highest point on the island; we planted a US flag on top of it and it became a picture of the war |
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Term
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Definition
2 months of fighting with LOTS of casualties, and we decided it would be better to just bomb them
lots of victims of kamikaze pilots (they die before they surrender) |
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Term
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Definition
revenge
American planes dropped bombs, engulfing the city in a firestorm |
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Term
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Definition
secret atomic bomb program, created in 1942 under Roosevelt
Truman was kept in the dark about this
FDR died in May and dropped in August
first one tested in New Mexico |
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Term
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Definition
both were destroyed using atomic bombs, three days in between and we gave time to surrender, they did after Nagasaki
Nagasaki was going after a civilian population |
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Term
| Internment of Japanese Americans |
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Definition
everyone of Japanese descent on the West Coast was interned
we were paranoid because they hadn't done anything yet to sabotage us
called them an "enemy race" |
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Term
| the Hirabayashi ruling and the Korematsu Case |
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Definition
Supreme Court upheld the policies of internment
said anyone having affiliations with an invading enemy is a greater threat |
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Term
| Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians |
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Definition
| in the '80s, the US apologized for internment and Congress awarded $20,000 to the surviving Japanese-American internees |
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Term
| Congress on Racial Equality |
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Definition
Founded by civil rights activists in 1942
had sit-ins to desgregate public places in the north |
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Term
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Definition
Roosevelt's order requiring employers in war industries to not discriminate based on race or national origin
African-Americans get advancements politically (mayors in the North), and in the armed forces (pilots, i.e. Tuskegee Airmen) |
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Term
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Definition
| 30-hour rioting where white and black mobs roamed the cities attacking each other |
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Term
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Definition
| society thought it was temporary, and that when men returned women would go back to the home to fulfill their domestic duties |
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Term
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Definition
war hero for women
"you can do it"
public opinion shifted to support women's work |
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Term
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Definition
inexperienced in international affairs
Democrat
didn't want the Soviets to enter the war in the Pacific
had 4 months to decide whether or not to drop atomic bombs |
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Term
| Presidential Election of 1944 |
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Definition
Roosevelt won by the smallest margin in history
urban vote in the South won it for him |
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Term
| Dumbarton Oaks Conference (1944) |
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Definition
Set up the structure of the UN, an international peacekeeping organization
had a Security Council with 5 members (US, Britain, France, Soviets, and China) with ultimate veto power
also set up a weaker General Assembly for the other countries |
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Term
| Jewish Refugees from the Holocaust |
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Definition
during the depression the US refused to relax their immigration policies to save fleeing Jews
due to anti-antisemitism and job competition, the US applied the rules very strictly |
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Term
| Yalta Conference (February 1945) |
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Definition
established military order for the future
Soviets, US, and Britain met after the war was over
all had different goals, but reached a compromise
new eastern boundary in Soviet Union, Stalin promised to declare war on Japan,
US will focus on the Pacific |
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Term
| Potsdam Conference (July 1945) |
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Definition
Now Truman met; he was more forceful and knew that we had the atomic bomb
split Germany into 4 zones among US, France, Britain, and Soviet Union and each could do whatever they wanted with it
didn't decide anything on Poland, who didn't want to be taken over, esp. by Soviets who stood by and watched while they were being slaughtered by the Germans |
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