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- Passed in England in 1649
- Guaranteed freedom of worship for all Christians
- But had the death penalty for the non-believers
- Maryland, home of the Catholics, supported it because Catholics were getting persecuted
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- Started in 1610 with the arrival of Lord De La Warr
- introduced "Irish tactics"
- raiding and terrorizing for supplies
- The first one ended in 1614 ended with the marriage of John Rolfe to Pocahontas
- 1622 Indians attacked again and the Virginia Company called for a perpetual war with constant raids
- 1644 2nd Anglo-Powhatan War
- Indians tried to attack again but were defeated
- Peace treaty of 1646 banished them from white settlements
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- 1619 London Company authorized the settlers to summon an assembly in VA
- The first of miniature parliaments in America
- The beginning of democracy in America
- King James did not approve
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- from the middle class
- came to America to work for 4-7 years, after which they could get their freedom and their freedom dues
- These were a bit of land, food, and some money (but not very much)
- Head-right system used to get more masters
- whoever paid for the passage of one got 50 acres of land
- wealthy plantation owners used this to get more land and so become more powerful
- In the early days they were abe to get land after serving, but then the masters were reluctant to give freedom dues
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- Founded Georgia
- Interested in prison reform since one of his friends died in a debtor's jail
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- His marriage to Pocahontas in 1614 ended the First Anglo-Powhatan War
- He was killed by the Indians in 1622
- Started the tobacco trade in America
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- A settler in charge of VA who got the other settlers to do actual work, not just dig for gold all the time without getting any food
- Saved by Pocahontas
- Made Jamestown the first successful colony
- Good at propaganda
- In charge of the Resident Council, so he had total power
- had to deal with all of VA's problems (deisease, Indians, etc)
- Had to make a profit for Eng
- 1609 more people came and they took the power away from him and gave it to Lord De La Warr
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- Provided the financial means for investment and consequently the settling of America
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- Founded Maryland in 1634
- Wanted to create a refuge for Roman Catholics, because they were being persecuted in England
- Also wanted to make a profit
- Gave a lot of land to his relative, who were wealthy barons
- Permitted a lot of religious freedom
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- Came to VA in 1610 and imposed a harsh military regime against the Indians
- Used "Irish tactics"
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- Daughter of chief Powhatan
- Saved John Smith
- Became an intermediary between the Indians and the settlers
- Her marriage to John Rolfe in 1614 ended the First Anglo-Powhatan War
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- Laws in England saying that only the eldest son got to inherit property
- Caused all of the younger sons to have to go off to seek their fortunes elsewhere
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- To control the slaves and prevent a rebellion, the English authorities devised codes that defined slaves' legal status and masters' prerogatives
- Barbados slave code of 1661 gave no rights to slave and gave masters complete control
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- Originally settled in the MA Bay Colony
- Believed in antinomianism
- a holy life was no sure sign of salvation and that those who were saved didn't need to obey any laws
- Banished to RI, and then went to NY
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| Congregationalists (Puritans) |
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Definition
- Believed in Calvinism (predestination)
- God has already decided whether you are going to hell or heaven, and you can't do anything to change it
- Those "chosen" were supposed to lead sanctified lives showing that they were visible saints
- Many came from poor areas of England
- Reassured by the order of the divine plan
- Fed on social unrest and offered spiritual comfort
- Tried to speed up Protestant Reformation
- Disagreed with the Church of England and wanted to change it
- Started the MA Bay Colony with John Winthrop at the head
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- Created in 1686
- Insult to MA because it was imposed by London
- Included all of the NE Confederation and then spread to NY and NJ
- Aimed at bolstering colonial defense in the event of war with the Indians
- Promoted efficiency of enforcing English Navigation Laws
- wanted America to trade with ONLY Eng
- Sir Edmund Andros was the head and he was disliked
- took away liberties and made people want to revolt
- After Glorious Rev in Eng, Dominion of NE collapsed
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- In 1639 the settlers of CT drafted a constitution
- Established a regime democratically controlled by the Puritans
- The beginnings of a constitution
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- Pennsylvania=Holy Experiment
- It was to show the world that a liberal, democractic settlement of Quakers could survive where there is no religious persecution
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- A Puritan who moved to MA to avoid persecution for speaking out against the Church of England
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- A very religious Puritan
- Believed that the Church of England had to be cleansed
- Thought that the Puritans needed to go to Am so that they could start a new church there and then they could go back and reform the old one
- Was the governor of MA Bay Colony 12 times
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- 1675 Metacom, a chief's son, forged an alliance between the tribes so that they could attack the settlers
- The settlers called him King Philip
- 1676 Indians lost and he was beheaded
- It slowed the westward march of the settlers for a bit, but the Indians lost many and therefore became a much smaller threat
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- When the Pilgrims (Separatists) came over on the Mayflower, they drafted a crude agreement to form a government
- Set the precedent for future constitutions
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- A Dutch general who went on an expedition to get the Swedish out of the Delaware, which was considered an intrusion
- Led New Netherland
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- Extreme Separatist
- Questioned legality of the colony's charter because it stole land from the Indians
- Didn't think government should regulate religion
- Banished from the MA Bay Colony in 1635 and went on to found RI
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- The policy that England had when dealing with all of the colonies-- let them do their own thing and don't interfere too much
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- The person in charge of the Dominion of NE
- Taxed ppl unfairly and therefore inspired hatred
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- Quakers
- Didn't support the Church of England
- built simple meetinghouses
- congregated without paid clergy
- wore broad-brimmed house
- wouldn't take oaths
- didn't like war
- anti-slavery
- many went to prison
- Pennsylvania was their haven
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Term
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- a form of government in which God or a deity is recognized as the supreme civil ruler, the God's or deity's laws being interpreted by the ecclesiastical authorities.
- MA Bay Colony was a theocracy
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- Puritans who were "chosen"
- Supposed to live sanctified lives
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- Governor of the Pilgrims at Plymouth
- Elected 30 times
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- Quaker
- Founder of Pennsylvania
- Wanted to create a haven for Quakers and experiment with liberal ideas in government and make a profit
- Welcomed free-thinkers
- Had genuine good intentions
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- Nathaniel Bacon was high class and wealthy
- Wanted to go against Indians
- Governor Berkeley tells him not to
- Bacon ignores this and massacres Indians with the army that he gathers
- Berkeley passes Bacon's Laws which make backcountry famers more represented
- As soon as Bacon leaves, the laws are repealed
- Bacon comes back and sets fire to Jamestown
- 2 things he's fighting for: protection from Indians and representation for poor farmers
- Sig: Largest popular uprising prior to the AmRev and planters turn to slave labor, because they're easier to control
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- Used to attract people to Puritan churches
- adults who had been baptized could baptize their kids
- only people who had a full conversion could have power in the church
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- people given land for bringing more indentured servants
- Masters used it to get large masses of land
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- In Salem, MA, several older women accused of witchcraft
- Accusors were poor people accusing rich women
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- Gave a plan for unity during the FIW
- Doesn't work
- Made the first political cartoon ("Join Or Die")
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- Started by Jonathan Edwards
- Affirmed need for complete dependence on God
- Reawakened interest in religion
- Effects:
- emphasis on direct, emotive spirituality undermined old clergy
- Encouraged missionary work
- Led to founding of colleges
- First spontaneous mass movement of the people
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- New York journalist
- published articles that criticized England
- Went to court, but got let off
- sig because it's freedom of the press
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- Act passed by Britain that taxed the colonists
- Tried to stopAmerican international trade
- Smuggling increased
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- Scots-Irish protestors protesting Quakers' friendly treatment of the Indians
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- Trade from America to Africa to West Indies and back to America
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- Passed to carry out mercantilism
- England used colonies to accumulate wealth
- Colonies had raw materials
- kept imports lower than exports to keep making a profit
- all goods had to come through england
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- Charter
- Royal
- Proprietary
- under control of one person
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