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APUSH Chapter 12 Vocabulary
APUSH Chapter 12 Vocabulary
44
History
10th Grade
11/01/2010

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Term
Abraham Lincoln
Definition
U.S. president that officially abolished slavery and led the northerners to the Civil War victory
Term
John Deere
Definition
Created the steel "singing plow" that increased agricultural productivity with less labor required
Term
Cyrus McCormick
Definition
Created the horse-drawn reaper that efficiently harvested crops using less labor and increasing agricultural productivity
Term
Samuel F.B. Morse
Definition
Created Morse code which was used to communicate via telegraph and changed the way Americans communicated with each other
Term
John L. O’Sullivan
Definition
American advocate of Texas annexation and supporter of Mexican- American war for Texas to become apart of the U.S
Term
Joseph Smith, Jr.
Definition
American that started Mormon religion and preached it to other followers in the U.S
Term
Brigham Young
Definition
President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, and leader of Mormon group that settled in Salt-Lake City, Utah
Term
Stephen Austin
Definition
Military leader of troops that gained control of part of Texas territory from Mexico (later named Austin, Texas)
Term
Santa Anna
Definition
Leader of Mexican Army that fought U.S. to keep control of Texas
Term
Sam Houston
Definition
Leader of U.S military troops that gained control of part of Texas territory from Mexico (Later named Houston, Texas)
Term
John C. Fremont
Definition
Military leader during Civil War that opposed slavery. Retired to California gold mines after war
Term
James K. Polk
Definition
President of U.S. (Republican) that led Americans to victory in Mexican-American war and purchased California, Arizona, and New Mexico.
Term
John Tyler
Definition
President of U.S to officially annex Texas and make it part of the U.S
Term
John C. Calhoun
Definition
Vice President that advocated free trade, states' rights, limited government, and nullification.
Term
Henry Clay
Definition
American that resolved nullification crisis and stopped war threats between north and south that were due to taxation.
Term
Zachary Taylor
Definition
Last Whig to ever win presidential election. Last President to own slaves while in office
Term
Ralph Waldo Emerson
Definition
American author that advocated the transcendentalist movement and individualism
Term
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Definition
Large advocate of woman's rights and suffrage. Held first women's rights convention in 1848
Term
Frederick Douglass
Definition
Black abolitionist that escaped from slavery and spoke out agains equal rights for all people. Wrote autobiographies and gave speeches to speak to public.
Term
Harriet Tubman
Definition
Black female abolitionist that escaped from slavery and help hundreds of other slaves escape to the north
Term
Industrial evolution
Definition
Socioeconomic revolution that advanced industry and economy in the U.S (transportation, manufacturing, agricultural improvements, etc...)
Term
Mechanical reaper
Definition
agricultural horse-drawn plow that increased agricultural productivity with less labor required
Term
American system of manufacture
Definition
Factories used seperate assembly lines creating different parts that were assembled to create a single product under one roof
Term
Free-labor ideology
Definition
Idea that people could begin to work for themselves and become more economically independant
Term
Manifest Destiny
Definition
The idea that it was a god given right for the people of the U.S to expand far westward
Term
Oregon Trail
Definition
Wagon road that led people from east to west. Mainly used by emmigrants for commercial reasons
Term
Policy of concentration
Definition
Policy created to keep all the natives in a single large reservation for the whites to live and work around them
Term
The Book of Mormon
Definition
the book that reveals the teachings and ideas of the Mormon faith to the public and followers
Term
Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints/Mormons
Definition
Mormon church lead by Mormon preachers to teach the faith to it's followers and believers
Term
Santa Fe Trail
Definition
Transportation route that connected Missouri and Santa Fe, New Mexico
Term
Alamo
Definition
Mexican church mission to convert people to native Mexican faith. Located in Texas.
Term
San Jacinto
Definition
Territory in Texas that was conquered by Houston and his army of U.S troops
Term
Lone Star Republic
Definition
Nickname for the independant republic of Texas after it broke from Mexico
Term
Republic of Texas
Definition
Texas independant territory after it was taken from Mexico, but before it was added to the U.S
Term
Bear Flag Revolt
Definition
Rebellion of Californians against Mexico that caused California to break from Mexico
Term
Mexican-American War
Definition
War between U.S and Mexico over Texas and other southern territories that created the new southern boundary
Term
Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo
Definition
Treaty that ended the Mexican-American war
Term
California Gold Rush
Definition
Success of gold miners in California cause a huge wave of emmigrants to settle in California for economic opportunities in the gold mines
Term
Transcendentalism
Definition
Belief that the true path lay in the perfection of the individual, instead of reform of the larger society.
Term
Utopian communities
Definition
Societies that believed in communal perfection
Term
Brook Farm
Definition
unitarian experiment of perfect community that started as a joint stock company
Term
Fourierist phalanxes
Definition
Communities that believed in exual rights and pay for all genders and races
Term
Oneida community
Definition
Religious communities that believed Jesus had already returned in the year 70
Term
Seneca Falls Declaration of Sentiments
Definition
Declaration of those attending the first women's rights convention
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